The Family is the
Foundation of
Colonial Society
Men:
Worked the Fields,
Built Houses and
Barns, Represented
Family in Community
Women:
Cooked, Made
Butter and
Cheese, Made
Clothes,
Tended
Livestock, ect.
Boys:
Indentured
Servants or
Apprentices
Young Women:
Maids, Cooks,
Nurses, until
married.
1. Describe the
Apprentice – young person who learns a skill
from a more experienced person
Artisan – skilled worker
Colonists Valued
Education and children
were usually taught to
read and write at home.
Pennsylvania and
Massachusetts set up public
school systems – by law.
Schools
• Boys went to grammar
schools while girls
went to dame school.
• There was no
chalkboards, maps, or
paper.
• School teachers were
strict and were
allowed to hit their
students or make them
wear a dunce hat.
Colonial Life - Education
• Massachusetts and
Connecticut had laws
saying that if there
were 50 families, a
teacher needed to be
hired and a school
setup.
• These schools were
called grammar or
writing schools.
Picture Credit:
http://alumni.cc.gettysburg.edu/~s330558/schooling.html
Compare schools now and then
• Population increase.
– Settlers: 250,000 (1700) to 2,500,000 (1775)
– Slaves: 28,000 to 500,000
• Colonial Economics and the Slave Trade.
13 Colonies
• New England Colonies
• Middle Colonies
• Southern Colonies
The New England Colonies
Massachusetts
(Maine)
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Rhode Island
Picture Credit: http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/OakViewES/harris/9798/america/colonization/colonies-ne/ne-intro.html
The New England Colonies
• As population swells we see a need of more
government.
• Agricultural / Pre-Industrial society.
– Women married early had large families.
• Growth of Towns and Villages.
• Subsistence Farming
Reasons for coming to the USA.
• Some people didn’t
like the Church of
England.
• They wanted the
Church to be more
pure. These people
were called Puritans.
• They decided to start a
colony in the North
East part of the USA.
Roger Williams
• Roger Williams
believed you should
tolerate other people’s
beliefs in God.
• He left Massachusetts
and started a colony,
Providence.
Picture Credit: www.nuwc.navy.mil/hq/ history/0003.html
Anne Hutchinson
• Anne Hutchinson was a
woman who believed you
could go directly to God
so you could pray to God
without going through a
priest.
• She moved to Providence
with Roger Williams and
started the Rhode Island
Colony.
Picture Credit: www.pbs.org/.../kids/civilrights/ features_hutchison.html
William Penn
• -William Penn
owned
Pennsylvania and
made it a place for
religious freedom.
Picture Credit: http://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/VC/visitor_info/hello_pennsylvania/paprofile.htm
Economics in New England
Colonies
• Commerce
– Waterpower, Lumber, Mills (Grain)
– Cottage industry (The hidden economy of
women.)
– Shipbuilding, Fishing, intra-colonial trade
• Triangular Trade
Climate
• Good farming land
(grains) Livestock,
rivers and hills.
Harbors.
Picture Credit: www.greenworks.tv/efp/ Lan_Farm_Trust.htm
Middle Colonies
NY
PA
NJ
DE
• The Middle colonies
included:
• New York (NY) ,
New Jersey (NJ) ,
Delaware (DE),
• and Pennsylvania
(PA).
Picture Credit:
http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/13mapnew.htm
Interesting Facts about Middle
Colonies
• -Called Breadbasket of
Colonial America. The
farmers raised a surplus
so they could sell.
• -Germans invented
Pennsylvania rifle &
Conestoga wagon.
• -Philadelphia means
brotherly love.
• (label breadbasket on
map)
Picture Credit: www.si.edu/resource/faq/ nmah/carriage.htm
The Southern Economy
• Because of the good soil and long growing
season the South did not develop commerce
or industry. The depended on English
Merchants to manage their trade.
• Cultivated Large Farms – Plantations which
needed a large unskilled labor force.
Tobacco and Rice and The
Tidewater
• The cash crop of Maryland and Virginia was
tobacco. However, overproduction would cause
profits to fall. (Q. What economic law is this?)
So, farmers began the switch to corn and wheat.
• The cash crop of South Carolina and Georgia was
Rice. Rice cultivation is a very labor intensive
and nasty. Imagine working in the rice fields all
day standing in mud up to your knees. (Q. Do you
think that you could get an indentured servant to
do this?)
The Middle Passage
• Shipping Africans to the West Indies.
This plan above of a slave ship developed by Clarkson and his co-workers shocked
the public when it appeared in 1789. It shows how 482 slaves could be packed on
board the Brookes of Liverpool for the 6 to 8 week voyage to the West Indies. The
Brookes actually carried 609 slaves on one voyage.
There is one final poignant link. Under the slave trade system
people suffered to provide luxuries like sugar, chocolate,
coffee and tea for our table at an affordable price. This was
morally wrong but most people were not aware of their
wrongdoing until the abolitionist campaign exposed it for what
it was. Today the people who put those very same items on our
table are suffering because they do not get a fair price for their
produce. Again this is so we can buy these relative luxuries at
an affordable price, again it is morally wrong and again people
are not aware of it. Who today is going to point it out for them,
and how?
Slavery
• Question: What Colony had made slavery
illegal?
• Jamestown and Georgia.
The Three Kings of the Southern
Economy (1700 – 1860)
MD
VA
Southern Colonies
NC
SC
GA
• The Southern Colonies
included: Maryland
(MD), Virginia (VA),
North Carolina (NC),
South Carolina
(SC), and Georgia
(GA).
Southern Colonies Climate
• Rich land, plenty of
rain & a long
growing season.
Coastal plains,
swamps, forests,
harbors.
Picture Credit:
www.ipgri.cgiar.org/networks/ cogent/gallery.htm
Backcountry
• Appalachian Mountain
Foothills
• Small Farms Few Slaves
• Outnumbered Large Plantation
Owners
• Question: What is the basis of
power in the colonies and who
would control the power and
political influence?
Interesting Facts about Southern
Colonies
• -Planters’ duties to see
that crops were planted,
records kept, took care
of everyone.
• -Slavery was
necessary for Southern
plantation.
• The cash crop for
Virginia was Tobacco.
Picture Credit: www.lattaplantation.org/ website.htm
Conclusion
• Majority of colonist, even in the South were
not slave holders. However, much of the
economy was either based on slave labor or
indirectly through the slave trade.
• African Slaves brought with them their
languages and cultures. They also brought
with them the knowledge of cultivating
Rice.
Objectives:
1. Describe the Triangular Trade and how it
affected American Society.
2. Analyze why slavery grows in America.
3. Explain the differences between the
regions of the English Colonies as they
develop.
The Glorious Revolution
• King James forced off the thrown in 1688
and Placed his daughter Mary and her
husband, William of Orange on the thrown.
The Parliament is getting more powerful.
• William and Mary sign the English Bill of
Rights.
The English Bill of Rights
Mercantilism
• The English viewed its American Colonies
as an economic recourse.
• The Colonies provided raw materials for
English manufacturers, and a market for
finished products.
• As a nations trade grows, its gold reserve
increase, and the nation becomes more
powerful.
The Navigation Acts
1751 - 1763
• Series of acts (laws)
that directed the flow
of goods between
England and the
Colonies.
• Smuggling
• Only British ships could
transport imported and
exported goods from the
colonies.
• The only people who were
allowed to trade with the
colonies had to be British
citizens.
• Commodities such as sugar,
tobacco, and cotton wool
which were produced in the
colonies could be exported
only to British ports.
Colonial Government
• Government in the colonies varies by the
type of charter for that colony.
• Question: What are the three types of
colonial charters?
– Charter Colonies
– Proprietary Colonies
– Royal Colonies
American Colonies
Type
Colony
Government
Charter
Connecticut, Governor and
Rhode Island Legislature Elected
by Colonists
Proprietary Delaware,
Maryland,
Pennsylvania
Royal
GA, MA,
NH, NJ, NY,
NC, SC, VA
Proprietor selected
the governor and
upper house.
Colonists Elected the
Lower House
Directly Ruled by
Britain.
Note
Great Britain had the
right to approve
governor, but
governor could not
veto legislature.
Proprietor free to
rule.
King appointed
Gov. and Upper
House. Colonists
elected the
Lower House.
Get Out The Vote
Get Out The Vote
An American Culture
The Great Awakening
• What are they awaking to?
• A religious movement concentrated in New
England and the Middle Colonies.
• They called for a re-birth, “A return to the
strong faith of earlier days.
The Great Awakening
George Whitefield
Freedom of the Press
 The Internet of its Time
 English Right of Free
Speech
John Zenger
 Q: What are some
examples of Freedom of the
Press where the majority of
Americans would not agree
with the ideas expressed?
Almanac – reference book with
facts and figures
An American Culture
Benjamin Franklin
• Read page 221
• http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/lessons/be
n_franklin/index.html
• Will the real Ben Franklin Please Stand Up?
Printing Press