REVIEW ANSWERS
1) What is the benefit of being a multicellular organism?
Multicellular organisms have specialized cells that perform specific functions. This allows
organisms to grow much larger, while still being able to obtain energy in an efficient manner.
2) Why are cells so small?
Cells are small because it is easier for substances to travel in and out of the cell, using less
of the cell’s energy when there less of distance for substances to travel.
3) How does the structure of a cell help with its function (job)? What is the importance of
stem cells?
Cells size and shape determine what they can do. For example, a blood cell is small and
round so that it can fit through tiny vessels carrying gases throughout the body. Stem cells
are important because they are the building blocks of all specialized cells.
4) How are cells arranged in plants and animals.
Atoms/Molecules, Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
QUESTIONS
1. What is the cell’s boundary from the environment? – Cell/plasma membrane
2. What is the function of the cell membrane? – barrier/ regulates what comes in and out of the
cell
3. What are the channels and pumps embedded in the cell membrane composed of? - proteins
4. Define the following:
Diffusion – movement of molecules naturally from High to Low concentration. In the cell this
happens across the cell membrane
Osmosis – the diffusion of water from High to Low concentration
Facilitated diffusion – the movement of larger molecules from high to low concentrative with
the help of transport and carrier proteins
Cell membrane – phospholipid bilayer that provides a barrier and regulates what comes into
and out of the cell
Isotonic – the balance or equal amounts of dissolved particles (solutes) in a solution on either
side of the cell membrane
Hypertonic – more solute in solution – water moves to this solution
Hypotonic - less solute in solution – water moves away from this solution
5. Why does diffusion occur? – to balance out molecule concentration
6. Will molecules continue to move across the cell membrane when the concentration of
molecules is the same on both sides of the membrane? Yes
7. Why do animal cells burst when surrounded by fresh water? Shrink in salt water? Cell
membrane is not strong enough to handle pressure of excess water. Cells lose water to the
salt water and shrink (dehydrate).
8. How do cells take in food and water and eliminate wastes? To say alive
9. Why are cells so small? (Think about energy) - more efficient to make energy for a smaller
thing
10. What would happen if the cell membrane became impermeable? The cell would die
11. Suppose a cell were treated with chemicals that inhibit active/passive transport. What would
happen to the cell? The cell would die
12. Explain, in terms of osmosis, why a raisin/gummy worm placed in a cup of pure water overnight
will puff up with water. Water moves from a hypotonic environment to a hypertonic
environment (gummy)
13. What would happen to an animal cell with an internal environment of 0.8% salt if it were placed
in a salt solution with a concentration of 20%? Why? It would shrink since it loses water to a
hypertonic environment (20%).
14. A hypertonic salt solution has a higher concentration of solutes than a blood cell. Explain what
happened when a blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. It will shrink and dehydrate
15. Compare the cell membrane to a barrier. It regulates what gets into and out of the cell
16. Describe what happens when sugar solutions with two different concentrations are placed on
opposite sides of a semi permeable membrane in a container. The water will move to
equal/balance out the concentrations
17. Describe the division of labor and the
importance of cell specialization.
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
Organisms. Cells have jobs to keep
multicellular organisms alive. If one
cell dies others can replace it.
18. Know the equations for photosynthesis and respiration? How are they related?
They are opposite reactions
19. What does photosynthesis do for a plant cell? What does respiration do for plant and animal
cells? Photosynthesis provides food for the plant, while respiration takes the food and turns it
into usable energy
20. What is the difference between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?
Alcoholic Fermentation – Yeast turns sugars into energy
Lactic Acid Fermentation-Our body turns sugars into energy without using oxygen/ Causing
burning muscles
Cell Processes and Energy - Study Guide Part 2
Please know the following terms and be able to identify each using a diagram:
Diffusion: See definitions prior
Facilitated Diffusion: see definitions prior
Active Transport: engulfing, exocytosis, protein transport USES ENERGY
Passive Transport: Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion NO ENERGY USED
Define the following:
Osmosis: Movement of water from high (onion) to low (salt water)
Define each of the following solutions and be able to explain the effect each would have on a cell.
Hypotonic: see other page
Hypertonic: see other page
Isotonic: see other page
Write the equation for photosynthesis?
What are the raw materials (what do we start with)? Carbon dioxide and water
What are the products? Oxygen and Sugar (Glucose/Carbohydrates)
What organelle is chiefly responsible for this process? Chloroplast
Write the equation for respiration?
What are the raw materials (what do we start with)? Sugar and Oxygen
What are the products? Carbon Dioxide, Water, Energy
What organelle is chiefly responsible for this process? Cytoplasm and Mitochondria