EU Fusion Research
Data Base Survey
• Introduction
•
•
1
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
Contributors to the Survey
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
IPP-Garching,
FZ- Juelich,
FZ- Karlsruhe,
ÖAW-EURATOM,
Association ENEA-RFX,
EURATOM-MEdC,
EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association,
Institute of Mathematics and Informatics (IMI) of the Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences
EU PWI Task Force
EU ITM Task Force
ITPA International Diagnostic Database
EFDA CSU-Garching
2
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
Data base characteristics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Data sources
Paper or electronic medium
Availability
User support
Completeness
Users
Funding
3
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
4
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
IPP-Garching (1)
(K. Behringer)
I see requirements for basic atomic/molecular data mainly in the
following fields:
1. Energy levels and wavelengths of high-Z, highly ionised elements, in
particular tungsten, for spectroscopic diagnostics in ITER theoretical and experimental
2. Ionisation, recombination and excitation rate coefficients for
simulation codes, low- and high-Z elements, including collisionalradiative population codes - theoretical data, possibly benchmarked
by individual experiments
3. Charge-exchange data, in particular for medium-Z elements for
spectroscopic diagnostics (radiative edge cooling, e.g. argon),
theoretical data, corroborated by present fusion plasmas
4. Data for molecular reactions in the edge and divertor plasmas, e.g.
H2, D2, T2, hydrocarbons, boron - theoretical and experimental
5
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
IPP-Garching (2)
(K. Behringer)
Data bases:
For low-Z elements we extensively use the NIST atomic data base (energy
levels, wavelengths, transition probabilities). It contains a limited amount of
critically evaluated, high quality data.
There are many other spectroscopy data bases around, which are sometimes
useful (mainly from astrophysics, links at ORNL
http://www-cfadc.phy.ornl.gov/databases.html, or
http://plasma-gate.weizmann.ac.il/API.html).
Gaps exist especially in medium and highly ionised high-Z spectral data. A few
advanced atomic physics codes provide basic information of the spectra (e.g.
channelled through ADAS).
However, experimental data are indispensable here, and more experimental
results for energy levels and wavelengths are urgently needed. For tungsten,
these could be obtained from EBITs (e.g. Fussmann, Berlin).
6
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
IPP-Garching (4)
(K. Behringer)
Molecular data for fusion applications have mainly been collected at Jülich (e.g.
D. Reiter, R.K. Janev,) and can be obtained from the IAEA Atomic and
Molecular Data Centre in Vienna. The Augsburg University (U. Fantz et al.) has
also provided a substantial amount of information.
It would be very desirable to get some benchmark quantum mechanical
calculations for fusion relevant molecules, but I consider this of lower priority.
Important remark:
Basic atomic data are only of value for the fusion community, if they are
processed and interpreted by physicists, who are familiar with both the atomic
physics and the plasma application field (representing an "interface"). This role
has been excellently played by the members of the ADAS working group and
therefore, this institution deserves first priority support.
Furthermore, since this is a matter of employing top grade physicists for some
period of time, a continuous and reliable funding scheme is of utmost
importance.
7
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
IPP-Garching (3)
(K. Behringer)
Dedicated data for population modelling we get from ADAS, an atomic physics
code and data development consortium, founded jointly with the astrophysics
community. A lot of theoretical information has already been provided by the
ADAS group as well as by outside atomic physicists, but, due to a lack of
manpower, there are still substantial gaps. Some funding of individual university
groups could be very useful here, however, the main problem is a steady support
of the members of the ADAS team to produce data and stimulate atomic physics
production and make it available to the fusion community.
Key issues here would be the calculation of soft X-ray radiation or total radiation
of heavy species, and bundling of extremely complicated atomic level structures.
Benchmark experiments on cross sections should be supported, too.
Charge exchange data for fusion are compiled in the ADAS data sets.
Developments of interpretation codes are ongoing in the European fusion
laboratories (M. von Hellermann, L. Horton, C. Maggi, H.P. Summers and
A. Whiteford). Corroboration is planned in ASDEX Upgrade and JET. There is
still need for basic cross section calculations by outside groups, which should be
supported.
8
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
FZ-Juelich (1)
(D. Reiter)
Shared databases:
www.eirene.de/html/a_m_data.html
Database for cross sections and rate coefficients for divertor- and plasma edge
modelling
Currently used by: ITER, JET, CEA Cadarache, IPP-Garching, ….., as well as
for plasma technical applications, e.g. plasma processing (judging from e-mail
questions regarding database)
www.hydkin.de
Database for Hydrocarbon- and Silane cross sections and rate coefficients for
divertor- and plasma edge modelling and spectroscopy.
In collaboration with IAEA, NIST (Japan), Universities,….
Currently used by: ITER-IT, JET, CEA Cadarache, IPP-Garching, .., as well as
for plasma technical applications, e.g. plasma processing (judging from e-mail
questions regarding database)
9
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
FZ-Juelich (2)
(D. Reiter)
Gaps to be filled:
Low temperature hydrogen molecular kinetics (vibration,
excitation,….).
Database developed, but unified formatting and
implementation into fusion codes pending.
N / N2 collisional radiative model (for plasma edge cooling)
Vibrational and electronic excitation of hydrides (CxHy,
BeH4, Silanes, etc…..), collisional radiative models for
diatomic molecules (C2, CH, ….)
Plasma surface interaction data: Hydride + Wall  ???
10
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
FZ-Juelich (3)
(D. Reiter)
Comments:
Due to the very wide spectrum of applications of atomic and molecular
data in fusion (spectroscopy, divertor modelling,….) , it is essential that
the basic raw data (differential cross sections) must be available rather
than only processed data (e.g. collisional radiative rate coefficients).
Existing large database projects in Fusion (e.g. ADAS) can often not be
used e.g. for divertor and plasma edge modelling, because the underlying raw data (cross sections) are not (easily) available and hence the
condensed data for a particular computer simulation application in the
proper format can often not be processed by the user.
The asymptotic behavior of data (cross sections, rate coefficients) e.g.
at threshold or at high energies, beyond the tabulated range of
Energies / temperatures is often not explicitly made available, with high
risk of misuse of data e.g. in dynamic computer modelling applications.
11
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
FZ-Juelich (4)
(A. Pospieszczyk)
ATOM (P.N.Lebedev Institute , Moscow, RF):
The code calculates transition probabilities and electron–atom collision rate coefficients. It uses oneelectron atomic wavefunctions for the optical (active) electron, which are solutions of the radial
Schrödinger equation with an effective scaled potential and an experimental value for the energy.
Excitation and ionization cross sections are calculated in the Born (for neutrals) or Coulomb–Born (for
ions) approximation with inclusion of exchange effects (by orthogonalized function method) and
normalization (by the K-matrix method)- BE approximation. The rates calculated by the code are then
described by fitting formulae with adjustable parameters. This code is useful for the calculation of
large data arrays.
Recent extensions of this code are the options 'ATIPM' and 'ATCC'. These codes are useful for the
calculation of processes induced by collisions with heavy particles.
reference: Shevelko V P and Vainshtein L A 1993 Atomic Physics for Hot Plasmas (Bristol: IOP
Publishing)
gaps to be filled in this data base:
For every atom the levels concerned have to be inserted manually, therefore, the
accuracy of the code is coupled to the knowledge of these.
need for further data bases of that type:
Further codes, which allow mass production of data for collisions with particles used in
fusion plasmas (D, T, (He), C, W,..) should be considered
needs for improved access:
So far the data are restricted to the fit parameters published in the reference. Easier and
wider distribution possibilities are urgently needed.
12
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
FZ-Juelich (5)
(A. Pospieszczyk)
NIST – Atomic Spectra Database (National Inst. of Standards & Technology)
This database provides access and search capability for data on atomic energy
levels, wavelengths, and transition probabilities that are reasonably up-to-date.
The Atomic Energy Levels Data Center and Data Center on Atomic Transition
Probabilities and Line Shapes have carried out these critical compilations.
gaps to be filled in this data base:
For high-Z atoms only very scarce information is provided on individual level
data for transition in the visible spectral range (configuration, energies). A
recent exception from that is tungsten !
need for further data bases of that type:
data for Mo should be improved. Further possibilities of modelling radiative
emission and absorption within these data banks should be explored.
Molecular data should be included somewhere else
needs for improved access:
void – world wide accessibility
13
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
FZ-Juelich (6)
(A. Pospieszczyk)
ADAS – Atomic Data & Analysis Structure (University of Strathclyde)
There are various data sets in ADAS: general z excitation data, general z
recombination/ionisation data, direct resolved electron impact ionisation coefficients
direct resolved radiative recombination coefficients, direct resolved dielectronic
recombination coefficients, charge exchange effective emission coefficients, photon
emissivity coefficients etc. Also several routines which process the basic data files can be
found The most used ones in my case are the so-called ionisation per photon coefficients
(S/XB), which allow the conversion of photon fluxes into particle fluxes.
gaps to be filled in this data base:
S/XB data for boron and tungsten are not (yet) available
need for further data bases of that type:
molecular data for at least hydrogen, its isotopomers and hydrocarbons should be
included – if possible vibrationally resolved.
needs for improved access:
In general the access to the data is for a nonADAS professional user not easy and the
data format needs a thorough reading of the instruction manual (for e.g. to distinguish
single lines from multiplets). One would wish more user friendly inputs/outputs.
Access is so far only restricted to members of the consortium. However, an OpenADAS
version is under development and will be put in the Web. Let’s see what it contains.
14
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
FZ-Juelich (7)
(A. Pospieszczyk)
HITRAN - high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (Atomic
and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)
HITRAN is a database, not a "simulation" code. It provides a suite of
parameters (mostly for IR observations) that are used as input to various
modeling codes, either very high-resolution line-by-line codes, or moderate
spectral resolution band-model codes. These codes are based on the LambertBeers law of attenuation and may include many more features of modeling, for
example line shape, scattering, continuum absorption, atmospheric constituent
profiles, etc.
gaps to be filled in this data base:
molecular data with deuterated and tritiated molecules (especially
hydrocarbons and their radicals) are missing
need for further data bases of that type:
maybe with inclusion of fusion oriented molecules (e.g. Be-W-C-O compounds)
and hydrocarbon isotopomers
needs for improved access:
Is www accessible. Improvements cannot be told yet.
15
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
FZ-Juelich (8)
(A. Pospieszczyk)
Comments:
The above databases are in use in our laboratory for the
support of experimental spectroscopic measurements and
their evaluation procedures (especially in the plasma
boundary layer and in the visible spectral range). Therefore,
the experience and the recommendations provided are
based nearly exclusively on the demands in this field and
might be not simply be transferable to other spectral ranges
or demands.
16
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
FZ-Karlsruhe (1)
(S. Gross)
1. Materials data base (Mat-DB), see https://odin.jrc.nl/
This data base contains mechanical and thermo-physical properties data of
engineering alloys for fusion and fission. We import into MAT-DB all materials
testing data for blanket structures, esp. on RAFM steels (EUROFER
etc.). Essential gaps to be filled in the future are properties of joints, low cycle
fatigue data and mechanical properties of irradiated materials.
2. Neutronics data bases
- Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion File (JEFF), general purpose crosssection data library (mainly for neutron transport calculations);
- European Activation File (EAF), cross-section data library for activation
calculations (neutrons, protons & deuterons);
- Intermediate Activation File (IEAF), neutron cross-section data library for
activation calculations up to 150 MeV.
These data libraries are developed with substantial support from the EU Fusion
Technology programme (TTMN-001, -002 tasks) and are maintained and
distributed by the NEA data bank of the OECD, Paris. Further data bases of
that type are needed, e.g., a general purpose cross-section data library for
IFMIF applications.
17
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
ÖAW-EURATOM (1)
(A. Sumper)
I) Prof. Aumayr (TU Wien, Project P2: Edge plasma diagnostics and modelling):
(A) list of "shared data bases"
(1) ADAS Database (Univ. Strathclyde; summers@phys.strath.ac.uk) used for He
beam diagnostic purposes
(2) ALLADIN Database (IAEA, Vienna): General purpose atomic (collision) data base
(3) Home-made database for INELASTIC COLLISINS OF LITHIUM ATOMS WITH
ELECTRONS, PROTONS AND MULTIPLY CHARGED IONS which is used for Li beam
diagnostic purposes (see attachment)
(4) Currently we are developing a home-made database for INELASTIC COLLISINS
OF SODIUM ATOMS WITH ELECTRONS, PROTONS AND MULTIPLYCHARGED IONS
to be used for Na-beam diagnostic purposes on ASDEX-Upgrade
(5) ORNL-Data Base on "Particle Interaction with Surfaces", E.W. Thomas ORNL6088/V3 1985
(B) need for further data bases of that type:
A more recent and widely accessible data base on "Particle Interaction with Fusion
Relevant Surfaces" covering physical sputtering, chemical sputtering, reflection,
fragmentation/ dissoziation, electron emission, implantation, retention etc. would be
desirable
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
18
of 44 slides
ÖAW-EURATOM (2)
(A. Sumper)
II) University of Innsbruck, Prof. Kuhn (project P1: partial and integrated tokamak
modelling)
In general there exist no freely (and easily) accesible data bases.
Hence, usually data from journal publications are used. Some of this publications
can be found in internet site and can be formally assumed as data bases:
1. EIRENE databases: http://www.eirene.de/
2. ORNL data bases: http://www-cfadc.phy.ornl.gov/
3. NIST data bases: http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/contents.html
For hydrocarbon transport studies the ADAS and AMJuel (Atomic and Molecular
Data Jülich) are used. These data bases are used in the framework of the MC
transport code EIRENE, for which Dr Seebacher developed the so called trace ion
module.
Other colleagues have access to the NIFS and ADAS data bases, but up to now do
not use them: 1. Either they need some "user training"; 2. or represent collection
of the data, which is published in journals.
There is a deficit for the major atomic and plasma-surface interaction (PSI)
processes in fusion plasma. E.g., for the PSI:
1. Recycling coefficients for atomic and molecular hydrogen isotopes.
2. Sputtering coefficients for H_xC_y hydrocarbons and its isotopes.
Atomic processes:
Cross sections for charge-exchange collisions between C ions in different charge
state. Atomic data for W, Be.
19
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
Association ENEA-RFX (1)
(M.E. Puiatti)
Spectroscopy:
Kelly Atomic Line database developed at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics – Provides wavelengths and energy levels of spectral emission
lines (atomic number up to 36, corresponding to Krypton). See
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/amdata/ampdata/kelly/kelly.html
Atomic spectra database from NIST (National Institute of Standard and
Technologies, agency of the US Commerce Department’s Technology adm.) contains data for atom and ion transitions, and energy levels. Lines are
included for the first 99 elements in the periodic table.
http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/ASD/
|
Spectral data for highly ionized atoms: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Kr,
and Mo
T. Shirai, J. Sugar, A. Musgrove, W.L. Wiese
Monograph No. 8: 2000, 632 pages, hardcover, ISBN 1-56396-934-3
$145.00 . Spectroscopic data tables, both observed and calculated, for the
elements Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Kr, and Mo. The tables include data for
all stages of ionization from Ca-like through H-like spectra, except for Kr and
Mo which start at Ge-like and Rb-like, respectively. Additional information may
be found in www.aip.org/pubs/books/jpcrd_books.html
20
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
Association ENEA-RFX (2)
(M.E. Puiatti)
Atomic physics
ADAS (Atomic Data and Analysis structure), joint development
between IAEA and ADAS project, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Interconnected set of computer codes and data collections to model the
radiating properties of ions and atoms in plasmas (fusion and
astrophysics) and to assist in the analysis and interpretation of spectral
measurements. For information see http://adas.phys.strath.ac.uk/
Materials
Several general data bases are available. Up to now, in this Association
they have not been currently used, with the exception of MATWEB (free
on line material properties database, www.matweb.com ) and the
information about materials collected by the ITER team plus the Design
Criteria for In Vessel Components (always from ITER).
21
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
Association ENEA-RFX (3)
(M.E. Puiatti)
Gaps & needs:
General observation: it seems that, more than increase the number of available
databases, it is necessary to fill and complete the existing ones, to make the
access more user friendly and to improve the documentation (user guides,
references...), making also clearer the meaning of the various parts already
included.
Spectroscopy
Databases a) and b) to be filled with high energy levels and prominent spectral
lines for heavy elements (such as tungsten). This is useful for experimentalists to
identify species present in the plasma and for developers of atomic physics
databases to have a comparison of the cross section with experimental data.
Work to be done both for short wavelengths and high-Z ions (characteristic of high
temperature plasmas) and for long wavelengths and low-Z ions (for divertor
plasmas and other plasma sources, e.g. plasma source for ITER neutral beam).
Among the others, the following species can be mentioned:
W (ITER relevant).
Mo (useful for studies in present day devices to be extrapolated to ITER)
Caesium (characterisation of negative ion sources for ITER neutral beam)
22
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
Association ENEA-RFX (4)
(M.E. Puiatti)
Gaps & needs:
Atomic physics
ADAS database (or others) to be completed with PECs (Photon
Emission Coefficients) and ionisation and recombination cross sections
for heavy and medium Z species (see as an example the list above).
Work already in progress (at JET, ASDEX). Again of interest for hot
plasmas (modelling & extrapolations to ITER) but also for plasmas in
the eVs electron temperature range (divertors & other sources).
Development of time dependent CR models for He & Ar, useful for
the measurement of electron density and temperature of the negative
ion sources for ITER neutral beam
Molecular databases
Databases with easy access are needed e.g. to characterize the
plasma source of the ITER neutral beam (hydrogen vibrational
population of hydrogen molecules is a key parameter in the formation
of negative ions).
23
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
Association ENEA-RFX (5)
(M.E. Puiatti)
Gaps & needs:
Properties of material for fusion
Mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of materials for fusion. A
specific data base for fusion engineering should be developed, possibly
referring to the main components of a machine (first wall, divertor, vessel,
shielding and breeding blankets, support structures, conductors and
superconductors, pipes, cables, etc.). Detailed values under different
operational conditions (temperature, radiation, neutron loads, cyclic load
application, etc. ) should be listed, together with the vacuum compatibility of
materials.A specific section could be dedicated to advanced ceramics for
insulation in vacuum and at high temperature.
Available welding and brazing procedures for different materials, tested
and assessed codes to simulate shrinking effects. This is clearly a delicate
issue involving brevets, copyrights and properties of worldwide Companies.
Anyway a collection of available processes, applications, existing experiences
and knowledge, list of Companies should give basic information on this
important issue for the design of future fusion machines and reactors.
24
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
Association ENEA-RFX (6)
(M.E. Puiatti)
Gaps & needs:
Properties of material for fusion
Hydraulic and Heat transfer correlation formulas for high heat flux
components (swirl tube elements and hypervapotrons) Collection
of worldwide existing data with clear description of experimental
conditions and results. This is basic and fundamental information for
the design of several actively cooled components subjected to high
heat fluxes in fusion machines and future reactors.
Codes specifically developed for thermal, mechanical and
electromagnetic analyses in fusion applications Newly developed
codes or routines for existing customized standard codes should be
collected with detailed description of aims, applications, input and
output data, validity limits and approximations, benchmarks, authors,
properties etc.
25
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EURATOM-MEdC (1)
(C. Atanasiu)
“Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion” library - JEFF-3.1 latest version, 2006
(www.nea.fr/html/dbdata/projects/nds_jef.htm) - including the “European
Activation File” (EAF-2007 latest version, 2006,
http://www.fusion.org.uk/easy2005/index.html) which has been developed
within the EFDA/TTMN-001 task (“Nuclear Data”) by using also the results
obtained within the EURATOM-MEdC Association.
The evaluated data of the library ACSELAM (S. Tanaka et al., Development of
IRAC code system to calculate induced radioactivity produced by ions and
neutrons, in Proc. 8th Int. Conf. on Radiation Shielding, Arlington, April 1994,
ANS, p. 965.), which is the only one for neutron and charge-particle energies
higher than 20 MeV; thus it has been largely used for comparison with the
calculations of neutron- and deuteron-activation data carried out also by our
EURATOM-MEdC Association within the tasks EFDA/TW4-6/TTMN-001 and
EFDA/TW4-5/TTMI-004
Report of the “Working Party on International Evaluation Co-operation“ (WPEC19) of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Nuclear Science Committee
(NSC) (www.nea.fr/html/science/wpec/volume19/volume19.pdf), including also
the results obtained by the EURATOM-MEdC Association within the
EFDA/TTMN-001 task (“Nuclear Data”).
26
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EURATOM-MEdC (2)
(C. Atanasiu)
- gaps to be filled in these data bases
The analysis of the activation data has been made by using the
computer codes EMPIRE-II v.2.19 (http://www-nds.iaea.org/empire/)
and TALYS S-0.72 (www.talys.eu) as well as a local parameter set
within an updated version of STAPRE-H code of our EURATOM-MEdC
Association. The global predictions provided for neutron activation up to
60 MeV have been obtained and compared with the experimental data
and the evaluated library ACSELAM.
Finally, an overview of the calculated activation cross sections shows
that an analysis based on a consistent local parameter set is necessary
in order to explain the large differences between the experimental and
global calculated cross sections especially above 20 MeV, which have
been not really changed even by using the most recent version TALYS0.72, made available on December 22, 2006.
27
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EURATOM-MEdC (3)
(C. Atanasiu)
- need for further data bases of that type
The analysis of optical model potentials (OMP) for deuterons on structural
materials has shown differences of about 15% between the non-elastic cross
sections corresponding to the present improved optical potential and those
obtained by using the default input parameters within the code TALYS, while
enlarged changes are shown by the calculated elastic-scattering angular
distributions. The differences with respect to the evaluated non-elastic cross
sections of the ACSELAM library are about 30%.
Finally, the new OMP has been involved in calculations of activation crosssection of deuterons incident on 27Al, 63,65Cu and 93Nb target nuclei using
the well-known computer codes TALYS and EMPIRE-II by replacing their
default OMP options for deuterons. Comparison of the corresponding results
and those following the use of earlier global OMP parameter sets is finally
proved able to support the calculated activation cross sections in this work, in
spite of the actual scarce data basis. An additional comparison with
experimental data of the angular distributions calculated by using the deuteron
global OMP of Bojowald et al. (1988) showed the lack of this OMP reliability at
energies lower than 25 MeV, its use becoming suitable around 50 MeV.
28
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EURATOM-MEdC (4)
(C. Atanasiu)
On the other hand, the neutron OMP has been the key subject of the
local parameter analysis carried out by our EURATOM-MEdC
Association. Modified OMP has led to changes of ~5% for larger cross
sections (e.g., for 65Cu(n,2n)64Cu reaction) and ~10% for the minor
ones (e.g., for 65Cu(n,p)65Ni reaction), while the similar analysis of the
proton OMP has resulted in calculated cross sections changed by
~20% for the latter reaction. The changes provided by these modified
OMPs are opposite, which explain a reduced final effect of the
calculated cross sections but an increased accuracy from ~20% to
around 5%of the particle-emission spectra prediction.
- needs for improved access:
To facilitate application development from high level languages,
advanced interfaces are required from the databases. Such interfaces
may be in the form of data access objects for high level languages (like
Java or C++) or, preferably, web services. When using multiple data
sources inside a single application, it would be very useful to have a
common authentication mechanism, in order to reduce the number of
passwords required for accessing the data. This can be achieved
through generic authentication mechanisms, like PAPI.
29
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association (1)
(W. Morris)
1. Summary
We provide a list (not necessarily complete) with comments under
the suggested headings and other information. Some additional
comments are added below.
A key point is that the database itself is only a small part of the
whole topic – the calculations to populate it and the tools to
extract/interpolate/extrapolate the data in useable form are at least
as important.
There would be a benefit for long term secure funding for experts
and infrastructure support in the case of ADAS and the nuclear
databases, both to maintain and improve the databases and to p
The codes that use the data can be numerically intensive
(especially for neutronics) and thus support for computational
facilities is important to exploit the databases – a link to the theory
and modelling initiatives.
30
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association (2)
(W. Morris)
31
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association (3)
(W. Morris)
2. European Activation File (EAF)
Activation data. Robin Forrest (UKAEA) is the co-ordinator. This is a collection of
nuclear data files covering, in the latest release (EAF-2007):
Neutron-, deuteron and proton-induced cross sections up to 60 MeV.
Cross section uncertainty data for neutron-induced cross sections.
Decay data for 2231 nuclides.
Fission-yield data for Neutron-, deuteron- and proton-induced reactions.
Biological hazard data for 2004 radionuclides.
Legal transport (A2) data for 2004 radionuclides.
Clearance data for 2004 radionuclides.
Gamma absorption data.
To make the data more accessible to users, in addition to standard formatted text
files the data are also available in Access databases which can be used by the
EASY User Interface. Documentation is available as a series of UKAEA reports, the
Overview document (UKAEA FUS 533) gives further details on all the data. Note
that the data are relevant to all nuclear applications; fission, fusion, accelerators
where the particle energy < 60 MeV.
Note that the neutron cross section data from EAF-2005 has been transformed and
is available as part of JEFF-3.1
Website: http://www.fusion.org.uk/easy2005/index.html
32
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association (4)
(W. Morris)
3. JEFF
P Batistoni (ENEA) is the other coordinator of the EFDA nuclear data work,
concerned with experimental measurements. This involves neutronics codes and
data. Within Europe the best source of general purpose nuclear data is the JEFF3.1 database. This is coordinated by the NEA Data Bank and relies on voluntary
contributions by primarily Data Bank members. Note that the neutron cross
section data from EAF-2005 has been transformed and is available as part of JEFF3.1. JEFF is designed for many users; amongst these are fission, fusion and
medical.
Website: http://www.nea.fr/html/dbdata/projects/nds_jef.htm
4. ADAS atomic physics databases
ADAS is by far the most used shared database for atomic physics. There are other
small pools of unshared data for specific purposes. Like most places UKAEA uses
NIST for energy levels and wavelengths but that is under USA control. The IAEA
Vienna atomic database tends to be mediated through ADAS since it is derivative
of material already prepared for ADAS and ADAS participates in the planning and
execution of relevant IAEA CRPs. The ADAS Project Steering Committee and
users view the shared analyses (CXSFIT, NEW-CHEAP, UTC etc) as an important
driver for systems such as ADAS in the future, not just the need for data per se.
The ADAS Project does have very strong long established links to source
fundamental atomic collision data production and its adaptation to fusion needs.
Website: http://adas.phys.strath.ac.uk/about.php
33
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association (5)
(W. Morris)
5. IAEA and NIST atomic physics data
IAEA is more oriented to assessment by fundamental specialists and
transmission between pure data centres (i.e. not close linked to fusion
laboratories and diagnostic methodologies). It is better suited for gradual
refinement and improving precision and quality of data usually
retrospectively rather than reacting to the needs of the moment. NIST is
also not application oriented, being fundamental spectroscopic
(wavelengths, energy levels etc.) data.
6. Other comments including need for other databases
The databases are of course only as useful as the data contained, and in
many cases the way in which the data is extracted and
interpolated/extrapolated. As indicated in the table, there is often a need
for expert calculations to populate the database/interpret the raw data,
and this is often where funding is needed. Presumably in any proposal
there would be a discussion of the accuracy, validation, traceability and
accountability of the data and the interface/access codes.
34
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
Institute of Mathematics and Informatics (IMI) of the Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences (1)
(L. Popova)
1) Our team used the rate coefficients for effective ionisation up to 100 eV by P. C.
Stangeby ("The plasma boundary of magnetic fusion devices, IOP, Bristol and
Philadelphia 2002). We approximated the data and extrapolated the
approximation functions to higher energies (L. Popova et al "Study of ionisation
rate..."Contrib. Plasma Phys.44, 1-3 p 252 2004).
2) Our team used the rate coefficients derived from the general theory and
verified with spectroscopic data below 20 eV (D. R. Bates et al "Proceedings“ of
the Royal Society , 267, A pp 297-314 1962). We compared the theoretical
predictions with the compilation up to 100 eV (Stangeby "The plasma boundary of
magnetic fusion devices, IOP, Bristol and Philadelphia 2002). Making some
theoretical considerations we estimated the rate coefficients for radiative and
collisional recombination (G. Kamberov et al "Correlations of ELM frequency with
pedestal plasma properties" Fusion Science and Technology 47, 3, p. 801-805
2005).
3) Our team used data bases in the Internet for multiple ionisation of nitrogen and
made appropriate approximation functions to imply in computer simulations (G.
Kamberov et al 17th TOFE Nov 2006)
35
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
Institute of Mathematics and Informatics (IMI) of the Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences (1)
(L. Popova)
> - gaps to be filled in these data bases,
Appropriate data analysis and theoretical estimations are needed to fill the
gaps of fuel and impurity collision and radiation data`bases
> - need for further data bases of that type,
Appropriate analysis of tokamak data is needed for further data bases
> - needs for improved access,
Access to unpublished data is needed for those who fill the gaps
> - any comment you may find appropriate.
Tokamak data for the commonly used physical variables are more appropriate
performing model independent analysis of data bases (e.g. plasma density
instead of normalised to Greenwald density etc)
36
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EU PWI Task Force (1)
(J. Roth)
Spectroscopic measurements:
ADAS (impurity spectroscopy),
HYDKIN (contact D. Reiter),
IAEA A&M Data base on spectroscopy for edge and central plasmas (collected in
Atomic and Plasma-Material Interaction Data for Fusion (APID), Vol 2,3 (1992), Vol
4(1993), all IAEA data are accessible under http://wwwamdis.iaea.org/DCN/fusion_data.php ),
Ehrhard/Langer and Janev/Reiter compilations for hydrocarbon
dissociation/excitation
Surface processes:
Chemical sputtering data base of the IAEA A&M Data Unit, in APID, Vol 7A (1998)
Physical sputtering data base of the IAEA A&M Data Unit, in APID, Vol. 7B (1998)
Sputtering data for Fusion, experimental and computer simulated, compiled at IPP
by W. Eckstein
Material data:
This is more complicated and can often not be put into simple data sheets. In the
framework of the IAEA data have been collected for hydrogen retention (Diffusion
coeff. recombination coeff, solubility) and will be published in 2007.
Data for intermixing and phase formation were collected in APID, Vol. 12 (2003)
Thermo-mechanical data for fusion relevant materials were collected for ITER by V.
Barabash
37
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EU PWI Task Force (2)
(J. Roth)
IPP is contributing to the IAEA-CRP "Development of a
reference database for ion beam analysis". This database
will provide evaluated cross-section data for light elements.
Web- site: http://www-nds.iaea.org/iba/ . More information
can be obtained through Matej.Mayer@ipp.mpg.de
One example of missing data is the identification and
measurement of suitable spectroscopic W signals for
concentration measurements in ITER, or calibration of
spectroscopic signals and surface sticking coefficients of
heavier hydrocarbons.
38
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EU ITM Task Force (1)
(P. Strand)
Support to extend the Universal Access Layer backend
or alternatively to create a set of standalone filters that
would provide the connectivity or filter from the
different experiments to the ITM-TF database and
structures.
39
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EFDA CSU-Garching (1)
(W. Gulden)
The "Fusion Component Failure Rate Data Base", which has been
developed by ENEA (mostly inside EFDA tasks) and is being filled
inside Task 5 "Failure Rate Data Base" of the International Energy
Agency (IEA) activity
This data base is at present located on an ENEA server at Frascati. I
propose a transfer of it to a "Future EFDA" or "F4E" server.
If you need technical information, please directly contact Toni Pinna,
who has basically developed the data base and furthermore, at
present, is involved in an TW6-TSL-00L-005 task "Collection of data
related to ASDEX-U operation experience on component failure", inside
which he is in charge to upload the collected information on the "Fusion
Component Failure Rate Data Base".
40
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EFDA CSU-Garching (2)
(E. Diegele)
Databases used with Materials Development
A) „Alloys-DB” / JRC Petten Mat-DB
Type: General Material’s database used by Associations, Industry, Universities.
Owned by Institute for Energy, Postbox 2, NL-1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
https://odin.jrc.nl/
B) EUROPEAN FUSION MATERIAL PROPERTIES DATABASE
Managed by UKAEA
Type: Special Materials database developed by UKAEA on contract launched by
EFDA/ITER Reference for more information Fusion Engineering and Design
Volumes 75-79 , November 2005, Pages 703-707. Proceedings of the 23rd
Symposium of Fusion Technology - SOFT 23. Title „EU contributions to the
ITER materials properties data assessment “, by A.T. Peacock, et al.
C) European Database - Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steels
Managed by F. Tavassoli, CEA
Type: Special Materials database developed by CEA on contract launched by
EFDA to store and evaluate RAFM steels (EUROFER) data according to ITER
rules (Appendix A).
41
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
EFDA CSU-Garching (3)
(A. Vostner)
A steel database programmed by Arman Nylas (FZK)
available on CD
In addition, we have the "structural material database" and
"superconducting material database", both part of the old
ITER magnet DRG1. They are called database but are a
collection of pdf documents. ITER is going to update it but
at present there are other priorities.
42
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
ITPA data bases &
International Fusion Data bases
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Global L-mode Confinement Database
Caretaker F. Imbeaux, DRFC Cadarache
H-mode Power Threshold Database
Caretaker Y. Martin, CRPP
Global H-mode Confinement Database
Caretaker K. Thomsen, EFDA CSU - Garching
Global ITB Confinement Database
Caretaker F. Imbeaux, DRFC Cadarache
Profile Database
Caretaker C. Roach, UKAEA Culham
Disruption Database
Caretaker J. Wesley, GA San Diego
International Diagnostic Database
Caretaker T. Donne, FOM Rijnhuizen
International Stellarator Confinement Database
Caretaker A. Dinklage, IPP-EURATOM Association, Greifswald
International Pellet Ablation Database
Caretaker L.R. Baylor, ORNL Oakridge
43
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides
ITPA International Diagnostic Database
(T. Donne)
Many EU devices are underrepresented (JET, FTU, TCV, TJ-II, ISTTOK, etc.).
It would be good if those devices could be more active in the IDD.
STATUS of IDD today
44
Knud Thomsen 23 Feb 2007 CSA Information Workshop
of 44 slides