Introduction to Plants
Agenda:
• Handout on non-vascular plants
• Vascular notes on plants in
foldable
Mon April
• Draw and label seeds
14
Warm Up: new handout
What do you think is the
importance of plants to study
and understand?
Homework: None
1
http://www.biologyjunction.com/plant_taxonomy_bi.htm
KINGDOM
PLANTAE
THE ORGANISMS IN THIS
KINGDOM ARE VARIOUS
TYPES OF PLANTS
Copy on front inside cover of
foldable
Overview of Plants:
•All plants are multicellular & contain chlorophyll inside
of chloroplasts
•All plants are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that
reproduce sexually
•Many medicines are produced by plants
•Plants are very diverse & may be terrestrial or
aquatic
•Vary in size from 1 mm in width to more than 328
feet
•May live a few weeks or some over 5000 years
•More than 270,000 plant species identified, but new
species still unidentified in tropical rain forests
How Plant Adapts to Land





Problems:
Need minerals 
Gravity

Increase in
Height for

Light
Adaptations 
for Drier
environment
Reproduction 
Solutions:
Roots absorb H2O &
minerals
Lignin & cellulose in
cell walls
Vascular Transport
System
Waxy cuticle &
stomata with guard
cells
Pollen containing
sperm
6
Water Vs.Land Plant
Cells
Land plants have a rigid cell wall for support
Water plants cells are less rigid and rely on the
water to give them support.
Roots
Land plants have extensive root
systems to find water, nutrients
and footing, roots are also used
for storage
Water plants many do not have
roots and absorb nutrients through leaves
5
2 Major Plant Groups:
Vascular & Non-Vascular
Vascular tissue: adapted to carry substances
throughout the organism
Mosses are food for animals & help form soil &
keep it moist.
Nonvascular plants:
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=nopnvascular+plants&view=detail&mid=C331
DAFFD5F36EC0D0D6C331DAFFD5F36EC0D0D6&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR
NON-VASCULAR PLANTS
 Lack
vascular tissue
 Use osmosis and diffusion to transport
water and nutrients
 Do not have “true” roots, stems, & leaves.
 Reproduce by sperm & eggs formed at the
tip of the “leafy stem”.
 Need water source - grow on land near
streams & rivers
 Small and close to the ground
Vascular Plants
 Seedless
 Have
– ferns have spores instead of seeds
seeds
– seeds with no covering
 Angiosperms – seeds with covering
 Gymnosperms
Ferns are seedless vascular plants
Ferns reproduce by producing spores on structures on the
undersides of their fronds called sori. The fern plant which is
the sporophyte produces spores which germinate on free
ground growing a prothallus structure (the gametophyte)
where the gametes are produced (sperm and eggs). Because of
the fact sperm must swim from these structures ferns usually
live in damp areas.
21
Complete
Gymnosperms
Reading and Activity
PLANTS
NON-VASCULAR
VASCULAR
MOSSES
FERNS
ANGIOSPERMS
MONOCOT
GYMNOSPERMS
DICOT
To Do!
1. Go to back of page 2 and label SEEDS
2. Get a plastic cup and 2 seeds. 1 sunflower seed
one pumpkin seed.
3. On pg. 2. create a detailed drawing of both
seeds and put date next to drawing
4. Wet a paper towel (not soaking wet/not dry)
put seeds into paper towel fold and put into
cup.
5. Put name on cup and place into bin
16
To Do Today
Tue April 15
Check
seeds - draw, label and water
Gymnosperm notes
Look at gymnosperms – pine cones
Gymnosperm handout
Warm UpName a similarity and difference between a
fern and a moss.
Homework: None
Seed Check
examine
your seeds
- what can
you label?
15
Complete
Gymnosperms
Reading and Activity
PLANTS
NON-VASCULAR
VASCULAR
MOSSES
FERNS
MONOCOT
ANGIOSPERMS
GYMNOSPERMS
DICOT
Seed-Producing Vascular
Plants

Includes two groups – Gymnosperms
and Angiosperms


Gymnosperms have naked seeds in
cones
Angiosperms have flowers that produce
seeds to attract pollinators and
produce seeds
19
TYPES OF VASCULAR PLANTS

GYMNOSPERMS: Keeps leaves all year
and has seeds in cones

ANGIOSPERMS: Loses leaves once a year
and has seeds in fruit

Angiosperms are divided into two groups:
Monocots and Dicots
http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seedplants/
23
Vascular Plants with Seeds
Gymnosperms:
*Keep leaves (needles) all year
*Seeds have no covering and
contained in cones
Pine Cones
Giant
Sequoias
21
Gymnosperms


Contains the
oldest living plant
– Bristle cone pine
Contains the
tallest living plant
– Sequoia or
redwood
25
21
Gymnosperms
Coniferophyta are
known as conifers
 Includes pine, cedar,
spruce, and fir
 Cycadophyta – cycads
 Ginkgophyta - ginkgo

Cycad
Ginkgo
20
To Do Today
Wed/Thurs April
16&17
Check
seeds - draw, label and water
Video review
http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seedplants/
Plant
dissetion Activity
Warm Up- explain each answer
1.
Gymnosperms have beautiful flowers to
help them reproduce. True False
2. Which of these is NOT a gymnosperm?
Cycad, Pine Tree, Ginkgo, They Are All
Gymnosperms
3. Gymnosperms have seeds. True False
Seed Check
Examine
your seeds
- what can
you label?
Draw seeds (detail)
and put into soil –
being careful to no
damage roots
25
35
Parts of a Flower Lab Activity
*handout
Apples