Pd. 8 Midterm
Review
MRS. BROWN
Manifest Density
 Idea
that God had given the continent to
Americans and wanted them to settle
western land
Judicial Review
It was the doctrine under which legislative and
executive actions are subject to be reviewed by
the court.
It has the power to invalidate laws and decisions
that are incompatible with higher authority such as
the constitution.
The Judicial Review was established in the classic case of
Marbury vs. Madison in 1803
Mercantilism
 Theory
that trade generates wealth
The Trail of tears
 The
Trail of Tears commonly refers to a
series of forces relocations of Native
Americans nations in the United
States following the Indian Removal
Act of 1830. The removal included
members of the Cherokee and
Seminole tribes across the U.S.
Marbury vs Madison

Jefferson did not want to give commission to Marbury and others

Courts decided that Marbury had the legal right to receive his
commission

The power of Judicial Review came into place which gave the
federal court more power
George Washington's farewell
address ha
a letter written by the first American President , George
Washington.The framers considered political parties to be selfserving factions that cultivated dissent and were ultimately
detrimental to good government. Though the framers had not written
provisions into the Constitution dealing with political parties, by the
end of George Washington's second term, the issues of national
government had divided the nation into two distinct factions: the
Federalists and the Republicans.
The Electoral College
A
body of people representing the state
of the U.S, who formally cast votes for the
election of the president and vice
president.
The Amendment Process
Click to add text
Click to add text
Click to add text
Evan Holland
"Bleeding Kansas"
 Bleeding
Kansas is the term used to
describe the period of violence during the
settling of the Kansas territory. Involving
anti-slavery and pro-slavery.
Lewis and Clark Expedition

The Lewis and Clark Expedition, was the first American expedition to
cross the western portion of the United States. Lewis and Clark
departed in May 1804 from St. Louis on the Mississippi River and
made there way westward through the continental divide to the
Pacific Coast.
Federalists

controlled the court

did not over turn all federalist polices

supporters of the constitution

believed that an effective federal government could impose taxes
on foreign goods would help their business

who wanted the property protection a strong government could
provide
"No taxation without
representation"

is a slogan originating during the 1750's and 1760's that
expresses the colonial's desire to have representation in
the British parliament prior to the American Revolution.
Declaration of Independenceia

This official government document was created by
our founding fathers to separate America from
Great Britain. Also creating written down laws for
all the citizens to follow.
Homestead Act

Anyone who had never taking up arms against the
United States government (including freed slaves
and women), was 21 years older, or the head of a
family, could file an application to claim a federal
land grant.
Geography of New England

New England was shaped by glaciers

Thick sheets of ice cut through mountains and pushed rocks and rich
soil south

Colonists used New England for their natural resources to make a living

Forests and hills made it hard for people to farm

Because there were so many rivers, colonists made riverboats to travel
on the Hudson and Delaware river

Since they were around bodies of water, people fished and hunted
whales for food

The fall line was along the Appalachian mountains range and people
were able to use the backcountry side to settle in and farm
Quartering Act and Townshend Act

Parliament passed the Quartering Act.

The Quartering Act required that the soldiers from Great Britain have
to be housed in American barracks and public houses.

The Townshend Acts were a series of acts passed beginning in 1767
by the Parliament of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in
North America.

Imposed a series of taxes on all goods imported into the United
States. lol
Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton represented New York at the
Constitutional Convention.

Alexander Hamilton was General George Washington's
assistant.

In 1788, he convinced New Yorkers to agree to ratify the
U.S Constitution.
The Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine was a US foreign policy regarding Latin American
countries in 1823

It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or
interfere with states in

North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression,
requiring U.S. intervention

At the same time, the doctrine noted that the United States would
neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the
internal concerns of European countries
The Great Plains

The Great Plains is a vast expanse of grasslands stretching from the Rocky
Mountains to the Missouri River and from the

Rio Grande to the coniferous forests of Canada

an area more than eighteen hundred miles from north to south and

more than five hundred miles from east to west.
The Preamble to the U.S.
Constitution

"We
the People of the United States, in order to form a more
perfect union, established justice, insure domestic tranquility,
provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare,
and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do
ordain and establish the Constitution for the United States of
America."

The preamble to the Constitution is an introductory brief
statement about the principles in the constitution.
-QuaDollaz
The Unwritten Constitution
 The
Unwritten Constitution are those
processes of our government that are
considered an essential part of the system
yet they are not actually in the constitution.
these are customs and precedents that
have been doing for so long that many
citizens think these are, in fact, laws yet they
are not.
The Fourth Amendment of the
Constitution

"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects,
against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall
issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly
describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."

Unreasonable searches and seizures are those that are without cause, or without a
probable cause. Probable causes mean that the police have a good reason to believe that
someone has broken the law. The police cannot do anything until they convince a judge
that they have a probable cause. With that said, then they can get a warrant which
gives them permission to search.

After the police convince a judge that a crime has been committed, a warrant is issued.
The search warrant must say what is to be searched, when it is to be searched, what
they expect to find, and the warrant must be signed by a judge. In fact, many cases are
dismissed in court because someone is arrested for having something that was not listed
on their search warrant.
The Trails of Tears

the trail of tears commonly refers to a series of forced relocations of
Native Americans in the United States following the Indian Removal
Act of 1830
Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase for $15 million

Biggest land deal in U.S. history

Doubled size of U.S.

Lewis and Clark lead an expedition to explore the new land

Federalists were concerned about the purchase, they believed it
would give the south more power

The Louisiana Purchase helped the U.S. get rid of foreign influences
The First Amendment

The first amendment to the constitution gave the people many
important rights and freedoms.

This granted the people various freedoms concerning religion,
expressing their opinions, and the right to petition.

Congress was forbidden from both promoting one religion over
another as well as restricting an individuals religious practices.

In addition, this granted the people the ability to assemble
peaceably and petition their government.
Pacific Railway Act

This was an act of congress regarding federal support for the
transcontinental railroad.

This was done during Abraham Lincoln's presidency.

The Pacific Railway Act was signed on July 1st, 1862.

The building of the Transcontinental Railroad was completed on
May 10th, 1869.
The Great Compromise
Divided the legislature into 2 houses, the Senate, where each state
gets 2 votes and the House of representatives, where the number of
votes depends on population.
John Brown's Raid

A raid against a federal armory in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in an
attempt to start an armed slave revolt and destroy the institution of
slavery.
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Vs Loose interpretation of the
Constitution






Thomas Jefferson believed in a strict Interpretation of
the Constitution.
He believed people should follow exactly what was stated
and allowed in the document.
When it came to the national bank, he believed in a strict
interpretation, as well.
On the contrary, he believed in a loose interpretation of
the Louisiana Purchase.
On the other hand, Alexander Hamilton believed in a
loose construction of the Constitution, and also the
national bank.
He thought you could take whatever action you wanted,
as long as the document did not specifically say you
couldn't do it.
Thomas Paine's Common Sense

Pamphlet that inspired people to fight for independence from
Great Britain in 1776 and it was also the first work to ask for
independence from Britain
Lobbying

The act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in
government or asking government officials for favors.
Proclamation line of 1763

The proclamation created a boundary line between the British colonies on the
Atlantic coast and American Indian lands west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Federalism

is a political concept in which a group of members are
bound together by covenant.

city, state, federal are split up
Abolitionists and the Underground
Railroad

Abolitionist is someone who favors slavery

The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes to help
slaves be free.

Harriet Tubman was a conductor who helped free many slaves.
Antifederalists' Objection to the
Constitution

Antifederalists were people against ratifying the Constitution

Antifederalists felt that the Constitution gave too much power to the federal
government

The government was too central and strong

A strong government might turn out to be oppressive like Great Britain

Antifederalists wanted a Bill of Rights to protect the rights of the people
SAMANTHA GARCIA
Popular Sovereignty

The belief that the power of government is created and sustained
by the people

Popular sovereignty was the process in which citizens voted for
slavery or non-slavery.

Popular sovereignty was used in the Kansas Nebraska Act in 1854.
SAMANTHA GARCIA
Checks and Balances

This is a system in
which the different
parts of an
organization have
powers that affect
and control the other
parts so that no part
can become too
powerful.
Dred Scott v. Sanford

In Dred Scott v. Sandford
(argued 1856 -- decided
1857), the Supreme Court
ruled that Americans of
African descent, whether
free or slave, were not
American citizens and
could not sue in federal
court. The Court also
ruled that Congress lacked
power to ban slavery in
the U.S. territories.
Mayflower Compact and House of
Burgesses

The Mayflower was the first written framework of government in the
United States in 1620.

The House of Burgesses was the first Legislative Assembly in the
United States in Jamestown in 1619
President Andrew Jackson's Spoils
System

The Spoils System was when a government official gave
government jobs to supporters of their political campaign.

Andrew Jackson was the first to introduce this into the United States
Government.