Cell Processes
Specific cell organelles carry out
specific processes
Photosynthesis
Carried out by
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis
Formula:
Water & CO2
Oxygen & sugar
Cellular Respiration
 Carried out by
mitochondria
 Converting sugar
molecules to ATP

Remember: What’s ATP?
 Mitochondria takes in O2
and sends CO2 out –cell
“breathing”
Formula:
Cell Membrane, Transport, and
Solutions
Engage
Can you smell what is inside the balloon?
Describe what “semi-permeable” means
Composition of the Fluid Mosaic Model
Read This passage to fill in your notes. Any bolded words in the
passage should be highlighted on your notes page.
 The cell membrane is also called the plasma membrane and is made of a
phospholipid bilayer. The phospholipids have a hydrophilic (water
attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water repelling) tails.
Phospholipids can move sideways and allow water and other polar
molecules to pass into or out of the cell. This is known as passive
transport because it does not require energy and the water or
molecules are moving with the concentration gradient. Embedded in the
phospholipid bilayer are proteins that also aid in diffusion and in cell
recognition. Proteins called integral proteins go all the way through
the bilayer while peripheral proteins are only on one side. Large
molecules like cholesterol or carbohydrates use proteins to help move
across cell membranes.
Membrane structure
Phospholipids~ membrane fluidity


Heads are hydrophilic
Tails are hydrophobic
Composition of the Fluid Mosaic Model
Read This passage to fill in your notes. Any bolded words in the
passage should be highlighted on your notes page.
 Another type of lipid in the cell membrane is glycolipid that makes the
membrane more fluid. Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer are
proteins that also aid in diffusion and in cell recognition. Proteins called
integral proteins go all the way through the bilayer while peripheral
proteins are only on one side. Integral proteins are also called surface
proteins. Large molecules like cholesterol or carbohydrates use proteins
to help move across cell membranes.
Cell/Plasma Membrane
Functions
Moves materials in and out of cell
Maintains homeostasis (balance of
materials in/out of cell)
Attaches to cytoskeleton to provide shape
Protects what’s inside the cell
The Structure of the Plasma Membrane
CLICK HERE TO WATCH A VIDEO ABOUT THE CELL
MEMBRANE
YOU MUST WATCH THE VIDEO BEFORE MOVING ON
Membrane structure
 Cholesterol/Carbohydrates~ membrane stabilization and fluidity
Membrane structure
 Integral proteins~ proteins positioned within the membrane
 Peripheral proteins~ proteins on surface of membrane
The Structure of the Plasma Membrane
Now, it’s time to color the picture on the back of your page.
A. Phospholipid bilayer
B. Integral protein
C. Surface (peripheral) protein
D. Phosphate heads
E. Cholesterol/carbohydrate
F. Fatty acid tails
**cross out glycoprotein and glycolipids
Activity- Membrane Coloring
Peripheral
Cholesterol
Phospholipid
bilayer
Integral
protein
Phosphate
heads
Membrane Structure- Recall
What are the general structures found in
the cell membrane?




Phospholipids
Cholesterol/Carbohydrates
Integral proteins
Peripheral proteins
Now, you need the
“Membrane Traffic” sheet
Passive Transport


Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport

Endocytosis
• Phagocytosis
• Pinocytosis

Exocytosis
Passive Transport
 Does NOT require
energy because
molecules move WITH
the flow of traffic
Osmosis

Movement of water
molecules WITH the
concentration gradient
Diffusion

Movement of any
other molecules
WITH the
concentration gradient
Active Transport
Requires Energy
called ATP (form of
energy made by
mitochondria).
Moves against the
concentration
gradient.
2 types

Endocytosis (2 kinds)
• Phagocytosis
• Pinocytosis

Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Transporting material into a cell by
the folding in of the cell membrane.
Two types:


Phagocytosis- Solid
particles are ingested into
the cell.
Pinocytosis – liquids
taken into the cell.
Exocytosis
Moves materials
out of the cell
Check for Understanding
Osmosis is the diffusion of _______ across a cell
membrane.
Osmosis and Diffusion are both types of
__________ transport.
Passive transport does or does not require energy?
Energy is known as ATP. T or F
Small molecules cannot move across freely. T or F
Large molecules can move freely. T or F
Next, fill in the information for
“Solutions” on the back
Solutions- 3 Types
Isotonic Solution
Hypotonic
Solution
Hypertonic
Solution
Isotonic Solution
The solute outside the cell is equal in
concentration to the solute in the cell.
The cell retains its shape.
water moves equally in both directions

Before
after
» They look exactly the same
Hypotonic Solutions
Solution outside the blood cell contains a lower
concentration of solute than inside of the cell.
Water will diffuse in.

cell will lyse (burst).
Animal cells – called cytolysis.
 Plant cells do not burst- cells create turgur pressure
because of the cell wall—grocers use this idea
Cells in a Hypotonic Solution
Hypertonic Solutions
The solution outside the cell has a higher
concentration of solute than inside of the cell.
Water will diffuse out of the cell,

causing the cell to shrink
Why should you not salt meat before cooking?


think about what salt does to your body; meat will be dry
CRENATION
PLASMOLYSIS
Cells in a Hypertonic Solution
Quick Review (check for understanding)
The next few slides will review the
information about solutions.
Number your paper 1-8
Your answer choices are



Hypertonic
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Answers will be used more than once
In what type of solution would these
cells be found?
1
2
3
Water balance Summary
4
5
6
Classify the following terms as
hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic
7. Plasmolysis
QuickTime™ and a
Cinepak decompressor
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are needed toCinepak
see thisdecompressor
picture.
are needed to see this picture.
8.Turgidity