Caesar
vs
Pompey
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Caesar had granted citizenship to Gauls
Marcellus beat a Gallic man and denied trial
Marcellus tried to shorten Caesar’s command
His cousin decreed that Caesar and Pompy
should give a legion to defend Syria
Pompey gave the legion he sent to Caesar
Caesar gave money to both legions
Soldiers never left Italy
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Pompey entrusted with defense of Republic
Pompey demands Senate be firm in opposing
Caesar or he will go to Spain
Without consulship/imperium, Caesar would
be open to prosecution.
Wherever I should
Pompey wants power and popularity
stamp my foot,
there will rise
Pompey refuses to meet withforces
Caesar
of infantry
and calvary!
Pompey is confidant
he could defeat Caesar
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Antony is elected Tribune
He is run out of Rome by consuls
When his last peace proposal is denied in 49,
Caesar says “Iacta Alea Est” then crosses the
Rubicon with army (act of Treason)
Caesar marches quickly
Pompey only has the 2 legions that fought
with (and paid by) Caesar. Other help away
Pompey and Senators flee to Greece
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Caesar names himself dictator to name
himself consul in 48
After securing Rome, he heads to Spain
He defeats Pompey’s army but grants the
soldiers clemency
Many defect to his side
Caesar heads for Greece to get Pompey
Caesar and Pompey meet in Thessaly on the
plains of Pharsalus (48 BC)
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Both sides are fighting for everything
At first, Pompey’s cavalry pushes Caesar’s
troops back
Caesar ordered a reserve line to attack the
cavalry directly
The Cavalry retreated, leaving archers
defenseless
Pompey flees battlefield (heads to Egypt)
Caesar mourned the loss of Roman life
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Pompey flees to Egypt
Ptolemy’s advisors have him killed
Head and ring brought to Caesar
Caesar angry, they try to kill him too
Cleopatra visits him in a rug
He has Ptolemy killed
Restores Cleopatra to the throne
She bears him a son, Caeserion
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Pharnaces: son of Mithradates
Caesar defeats him at Zela in 47 BC
VENI VIDI VICI
He heads back to Rome, settles things
He travels to Africa, more Pompeians
Cato kills himself in Utica
Allows the people to surrender (saves lives)
45 BC, battle of Munda in Spain, last of the
Pompeians
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Forgiveness for all!
Temple built to Clementiae Caesaris
Anyone who does not want it is exiled
Named Dictator for 10 years
Reduces welfare (cuts state debt)
Sends workers to new colonies
Grants Citizenship to Gauls
Gets land for his soldiers
Revises the calendar (Lunar to solar)
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In 44 he is named Dictator for life
Incites anger for Munda triumph (Romans),
condescending attitude, Lupercalia incident
Allegedly said Republic was only a name
Senators form a plot to assassinate Caesar
They get Marcus Junius Brutus on board
His family drove out the monarchy
On 3/15/44, Caesar is killed at a Senate
meeting. Dies in front of bust of Pompey