CHAPTER 14: RESURGENCE OF EMPIRE IN
EAST ASIA
Sui Dynasty
(589-618)
Yan Jian takes over Sui
Dynasty after abdicating
7 year old
Used Mandate
Of Heaven
Strong centralized
government
GRAND CANAL
Artificial
waterway
Discontent subjects
(taxes, forced labor)
revolt
Trade for N. to S.
Construction,
Repair, taxes
Est. political
& cultural unity
Minister
Assassinates
emperor
Rebel leader seizes
Control of Tang
Tang
(Taizong)
Got position
ruthlessly Brought stability
& prosperity
But a serious &
Effective leader
Low rice prices,
Low tax rates
TANG
DYNASTY
(618-907CE)
3 policies
Transportation
& Communication
(ex. Inns, couriers,
Connections)
Decline
Foreign Relations
Military Expansion
Bureaucracy of merit
Equal Field System
Middle
Kingdom
Manchuria, Silla
Part of Vietnam
Plateau of Tibet
Civil Service Exam
Responsibl
For
Smaller
Lands
(fiction)
Fertility & Need
1/5 hereditary
Success
for
A time
How did the 3 policies help to create stability
In the Tang Dynasty?
Uighers, detiorated equal
Field system, revolts
Power to regional leader
Confucian Curriculum
Used
Later more
Commoners
Rose to
Positions
Recognized
China (kowtow)
Fostered
Trade &
Cultural
Exchange
Song Dynasty
(960-1276ce)
Focus on civil
Administration,
Industry, & Arts
2 problems
Financial
Military forces
Under supervision
Using all
Surplus
production
Military
Not much knowledge
In military affairs
Led to nomadic
Northerner to flourish
Looking at how Song focused more on the civil side
Of matters do you think that it is more important to have a strong
Government or a stronger military?
Wu Zhao: The
Lady Emperor
Economic Development of
Tang & Song
Fast ripening rice
2 crops p/year
Expanded
Food supply
Agricultural
Development
Patriarchal
Foot binding
urbanization
Population
growth
Used various
Techniques to
help
50-115 million
Irrigation systems
Oxen & water buffalo
Iron plow
cities
To maintain
Family
fortune
Honor ancestor
Brothels, @ grave sites
Theaters
markets
How does developing better agriculture benefit society?
Placed women
Under tight
supervision
Gained power
After husband’s
power
Many opposed
Her due to
Patriarchal
system
Strengthened
Civil service
system
Created secret
police
Porcelain
Diffused to other societies,
Lighter & thinner
Aesthetically appealing
Technological & Industrial
Development
Metallurgy
Weaponry
Large
& Agricultural infrastructures
tools
Gunpowder
Naval
Technology
Printing
Iron nails,
Waterproofed oils,
Watertight bulkheads
Bamboo sails,
compass
Charcoal,
Saltpeter,
Sulfur
arsenic
Woodblock
To
Moveable print
Fire lance
Buddhist Texts,
Confucian Works,
Calendars
How did these developments (ex. Porcelain, gunpowder) benefit China’s trading with the rest
Of Eurasia?
How did the Naval technology help China with trade?
Shortage
Of coins
Letters of Credit
Emergence of a
Market Economy
Financial
Instruments
Promissory
Notes (loans)
“fly cash”
Deposit money in
One place receive
Equivalent in another
Paper
Money
Checks
Problems
Came after not
Being able to
Honor paper notes
Counterfeit &
More value than
Cash possessed
Cosmopolitan
Society
Various cultures
Intersected in
China
Many
Exchanges
w/in the
Eastern
Hemisphere
Muslim merchants,
Byzantine Empire,
Persians, Indians
State issued
How are the financial instruments that China used
Similar to today’s financial instruments?
What does it mean when we say
That China had a “Cosmopolitan
Society”?
Cultural Change in
Tang & Song
China
Many religions entered
China
Christian, Manichaeism,
Zoroastrianism, Islam
Religions of salvation
Served needs of
Foreign merchants
Buddhism
Mahayana Buddhism
Grow in China
(Dunhuang)
Many Cave
Temples
Not just
Served
As a
religion
Faced persecution
By Daoists and
Confucianists
Tailor to
Chinese
Interest
Conflict w/
Chinese
Society
Buddhist
Aesthetic
life
School,
Banks,
Land ownership,
How did China make Buddhism fit their needs?
Filial Piety
2 Schools
Pure
Land
Changed
Terminology
Tried to adjust
To Chinese
customs
Personal
Salvation
For
Complete
Devotion
To Buddha
Chan
School
Daoists
Values
Little
Emphasis
On Text
Song recognized
Both Confucian &
Buddhist beliefs
Neo-Confucianism
Zhu Xi
Popularity
Neo Confucian
Leader
2 Reasons
Family
Ritual
Also focused
On abstract
Metaphysical
ideas
What is Neo Confucianism?
1. Influence on Chinese Society
2. Influence over E. Asia for
Extensive period of time
Shaped public
Life of Korea,
Vietnam, & Japan
Silla
Dynasty
Compromise w/
Tang Dynasty
1.
2.
Withdrew Tang Forces
Silla recognize Tang
emperor as overlord
3. Vassal states but
actually independent
Chinese Influence
In
East Asia
Vietnam
Korea
Tense relations
Tributary
relationship
Influenced by
Chinese politics
& culture (court,
Bureaucracy,
Confucian systems)
Preserved
Religious
preference
Adopted:
Agricultural systems,
Irrigations systems,
School & administration
techniques
Tributary Relationship
Opened door for
Trade
Difference
Tributary
Relationship
BUT DID NOT
Have positions of
merit
What did Silla, Korea and Vietnam all have in common with China?
How did Silla, Korea and Vietnam feel about China trying to impose power over them?
Prominent
Women
roles
Influences from
China
Early Japan
System of merit
Centralized
Imperial
Nara –capital Confucian and
Gov’t
(710-794)
Buddhist
tradition
Business & records,
Education
Language
Literature
Decline
Heian
(794-1185ce)
Equal Taira v. Miramoto
Field
System
Emperors
Are figure
heads
Tale of Genji
Fujiwara
In true
power
In what ways did China influence Japan?
What was the Heian period?
Meditation of
Passing of time
& sorrow time
Brings to humans
Clan wars
Split of
Figureheads
And true authorities
Would exist for many
years
Shogun
Military
governor
Medieval
Japan
Period
Between Nara
And Heian
Kamakura (1185-1333)&
Muramachi 1336-1573)
Known as Middle Period
Tokugawa Dynasty
Decentralized
Political order
Why is it called Medieval Japan?
What is a samurai?
Valued military talent,
No etiquette or courtesy
Samurai
(mounted warrior)
Specialist
warriors
Enforce authority in their land
& extend claim to other lands