CELL RESPIRATION REVIEW SHEET
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What is the molecule responsible for providing the cell with energy?
glucose
Where in the cell is the ATP made?
mitochondria
What is the process called that breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen?
aerobic respiration
List the 3 overall stages of cell respiration (in order).
Glycolysis – krebs cycle - ETC
What is the purpose of cell respiration?
To break down food energy into a usable form of cellular energy (ATP)
What is the role of NADH and FADH2?
Carry electrons to the ETC to make ATP
What is split during glycolysis? Into what?
Glucose into 2 pyruvate
How much cellular energy does glycolysis produce?
Net gain of 2 ATP (NADH is also made)
Where in the cell does this take place?
cytoplasm
How much cellular energy does the Kreb’s cycle produce?
2 ATP (NADH and FADH2 are also made)
Where in the cell does the Kreb’s cycle take place?
mitochondria
What’s the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC?
oxygen
What is made once it catches the electrons?
It becomes really negatively charged and attracts H+ which forms WATER
What is the net gain of energy from cellular respiration?
38 ATP
Aerobic respiration requires what?
oxygen
What would result if no oxygen was present (in a human)?
Lactic acid fermentation which would build up lactic acid (usually in muscle cells)
What are the reactants and products of cell respiration?
Reactants: glucose and oxygen
Products: water, carbon dioxide and energy
How are glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle related?
Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate which gets converted to acetyl Co-A which is used in the Kreb’s
Cycle.
What is the relationship between the Kreb’s cycle and the ETC?
NADH and FADH2 are made in the Kreb’s Cycle which carry electrons to the ETC to make ATP
What are the 2 types of anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid and alcoholic
What is always the first step?
Glycolysis always happens first
Definition for fermentation?
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Chemical breakdown of an organic compound with the presence of oxygen
What type of fermentation do humans use? Why?
Lactic acid – when our muscles demand more oxygen than we can supply we break down sugars using
glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation to get ATP
Who uses alcohol fermentation?
bacteria
How much ATP is made from fermentation? In relation to cellular (aerobic) respiration?
NADH
NADH & FADH2
glycolysis
Occurs in:
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cytoplasm
K.C
Occurs in:
E.T.C
mitochondria
Label the picture. What is this picture showing? Briefly describe what’s happening.
Picture shows the process of cellular respiration (aerobic). Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm (so all organisms
can do it) and it breaks down glucose into pyruvate, ATP and NADH. The NADH will be used later in the ETC.
The pyruvate gets converted to acetyl Co-A and then goes to the KC. The KC occurs in the mitochondria and
produces: ATP, CO2, NADH, and FADH2 (The last two electron carriers also go to the ETC). The ETC also occurs
in the mitochondria (in the membrane) and transports electrons through proteins in the membrane ultimately
creating water and ATP. Electrons pass through and as they do H+ are pumped through proteins into the
membrane space. Electrons are accepted by oxygen making it very negative and attract the H+ to form water.
As the H+ are pumped through and build up they form concentration gradient which fuels chemiosmosis of
ATP through ATP synthase.
What is the difference and similarities between a calorie and a kilocalorie?
calorie = amount of heat energy needed to heat 1 g of water by 1 degree C.
kilocalorie = amount of heat energy needed to heat 1 kg of water by 1 degree C.
kilocalorie of Calorie (notice the capital C) is what we see on nutrition labels.
Make a T-chart to compare photosynthesis and respiration.