GWH Chapter 29B - Stamford High School

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Chapter Introduction

Section 1 General Trends in Latin

America

Section 2 Mexico, Cuba, and Central

America

Section 3 The Nations of South

America

Chapter Summary

Chapter Assessment

Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

Key Events

As you read this chapter, look for the key events in the history of Latin American nations.



• Many Latin American nations have experienced severe economic problems, and their governments have been led by military dictators. 

• Successful Marxist revolutions in Cuba and Nicaragua fed fears in the United

States about the spread of communism in the Americas.

Click the mouse button or press the

Space Bar to display the information.

The Impact Today

The events that occurred during this time period still impact our lives today. 

• Latin American influence in the United

States can be seen in art, music, literature, and foods. 

• Rapid and unplanned industrial development in some Latin American countries has led to heightened concern about the environment.



Chapter Objectives

After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 

• list the economic and political changes that

Latin America experienced after 1945. 

• describe the chief features and impact of the Cuban Revolution. 

• identify the major educational and cultural trends in Latin America since 1945. 

• understand that dictatorships were an oppressive consequence of political and economic instability.



Chapter Objectives

After studying this chapter, you should be able to:

• summarize how Latin American countries have become more democratic.

General Trends in Latin America

Main Ideas

• Exporting raw materials and importing manufactured goods has led to economic and political troubles for Latin American nations. 

• Many Latin American nations began to build democratic systems in the late 1980s. 

Key Terms

• multinational corporation



• magic realism




People to Identify

• Gabriel García Márquez



• Oscar Niemeyer



Places to Locate

• Chile



• Brazil



• Bolivia



• Peru



• Colombia




Preview Questions

• What factors undermined the stability of Latin

American countries? 

• How did the roles of women change in Latin

America after 1945?




Preview of Events


The United States prevented Communist takeovers in Guatemala in 1954, Bolivia in 1956, and Chile in 1973.

Economic and Political

Developments

• After World War II, Latin American countries developed industries to produce goods that were formerly imported.



• By the 1960s, however, Latin American countries were dependent on the United

States, Europe, and Japan for the advanced technology needed for modern industries. 

• Many Latin American countries could not find foreign markets for their goods.

(pages 901 –903)




Developments

(cont.)

• Economic failures in Latin American countries such as Chile, Brazil, and

Argentina led to instability and reliance on military regimes.



• Some regimes encouraged multinational corporations, or companies with divisions in more than two countries, to come to

Latin America. 

• In the 1970s, Latin American countries borrowed money to maintain their weak economies.

(pages 901 –903)




Developments

(cont.)

• By the 1980s, the large debts owed to foreign countries caused many Latin

American economies to fall apart.



• To get new loans, Latin American countries were forced to make reforms. 

• The debt crisis in several Latin American countries led to the establishment of democratic regimes.

(pages 901 –903)




Developments

(cont.)

Why did the debt crisis of the 1980s lead to the establishment of democratic regimes in Latin America?

Some military leaders were unwilling to deal with the large debt problems. Many people realized that military power without popular consent could not maintain a strong state.

(pages 901 –903)


Space Bar to display the answer.

Latin American Society

• Between 1950 and the mid-1980s, the population of Latin America grew dramatically.



• This caused a rapid rise in the number and size of cities by 2000. 

• Slums became part of many Latin

American cities. 

• The gap between the rich and the poor in

Latin America remained quite large. 

• Many Latin American women have found work outside the home.

(page 904)




• The international drug trade has brought crime and corruption to some Latin

American countries and undermined their stability.

(page 904)


How has society in Latin American countries changed between 1950 and today?

The population has grown dramatically. This has caused an increase in the number and size of cities in Latin America. Slums have become part of the cities. The gap between rich and poor remains very large. Women have found work outside the home. The international drug trade has brought crime and corruption to some Latin American countries and undermined their stability.

(page 904)



The United States and Latin

America

• In 1948, the states of the Western

Hemisphere formed the Organization of

American States (OAS), which called for an end to military action by one state in the affairs of any other state.



• The United States continued to send troops and military aid to Latin American countries to protect U.S. interests and help friendly dictators and anti-Communist regimes.

(page 904)



The United States and Latin

America

What was the purpose of the OAS?

The OAS called for an end to military action by one state in the affairs of any other state.

(page 904)



Latin American Culture

• Latin American writers and artists have been granted a high public status because they can express the hopes of the people.



• In literature, Latin Americans developed a style called magic realism, a merging of realistic events with dreamlike or fantastic backgrounds.



• The novel One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez is one of the foremost examples of a work written in this style.

(page 905)




(cont.)

• After World War II, Latin American art and architecture were strongly influenced by international styles.



• Oscar Niemeyer is Latin America’s greatest modern architect.



(page 905)


(cont.)

Why have writers and artists played important roles in Latin American society?

Latin American writers and artists have been granted a high public status because they can express the hopes of the people.

(page 905)



Checking for Understanding

Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column.

more than two countries

A. multinational corporation

B. magic realism

Latin American literature; it combines realistic events with dreamlike or fantastic backgrounds


Space Bar to display the answers.


Explain how the Great Depression hurt Latin American economies. Have these economies recovered from the problems caused by the Great

Depression?

Exports fell, and revenues declined.

Latin American countries developed industries to produce formerly imported goods.




List two well-known Latin American writers. Why are writers and artists held in such high regard in Latin

America?

Gabriela Mistral and Gabriel García

Márquez, like other artists and writers, express the hopes of the people.



Critical Thinking

Analyze Why did the rapid rate of population growth in many Latin

American countries cause problems for their political and economic systems?

Cities and slums grew rapidly, creating a gap between rich and poor.

Peasants and the urban poor struggled to survive. These conditions strain economies and lead to political instability and repressive regimes.



Analyzing Visuals

Examine the photograph of a Latin

American mother with her children shown on page 904 of your textbook.

How does this photograph reflect the concerns faced by many Latin

American women?

It reflects poverty, unemployment, and the lack of opportunity.



Close

Write a one-page study guide summarizing the main themes of this section.

Mexico, Cuba, and Central America

Main Ideas

• Mexico and Central America faced political and economic crises after World War II. 

• The United States feared the spread of communism in Central American countries, which led to active American involvement in the region. 

Key Terms

• privatization



• trade embargo



• contra





• Vicente Fox



• Fidel Castro



• Manuel Noriega




• Havana



• El Salvador



• Nicaragua



• Panama





• What problems did Mexico and the nations of

Central America face after 1945? 

• What were the chief features and impact of the Cuban Revolution?






On December 31, 1999, the United States turned over control of the Panama Canal to Panama.

The Mexican Way

• Since the Mexican Revolution at the beginning of the twentieth century, the official political party of Mexico was the

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).



• At the end of the 1960s, students began to protest Mexico’s one-party government system.



(pages 906 –907)

The Mexican Way

(cont.)

• In the late 1970s, large new oil reserves were discovered in Mexico.



• The government became dependent on oil revenues. 

• Oil prices dropped in the mid-1980s, forcing the government to adopt new economic policies, such as privatization, or the sale of government-owned companies to private firms.

(pages 906 –907)



The Mexican Way

(cont.)

• The debt crisis and rising unemployment led to decreased support for the PRI. 

• In 2000, Vicente Fox defeated the PRI for the presidency.



(pages 906 –907)

The Mexican Way

(cont.)

Why did the PRI lose the presidency in

Mexico in 2000?

The debt crisis and rising unemployment led to decreased support for the PRI.



(pages 906 –907)

The Cuban Revolution

• In the 1950s, an opposition movement arose in Cuba. 

• Led by Fidel Castro, its aim was to overthrow dictator Fulgencio Batista. 

• Castro’s revolutionaries gained control of Havana in 1959. 

• Many Cubans who disagreed with Castro fled to the United States.

(pages 907

–908)




(cont.)

• Relations between the United States and Cuba quickly deteriorated as Castro began to receive aid from the Soviet

Union and arms from Eastern Europe.



• In October 1960, the United States declared a trade embargo prohibiting trade with Cuba. 

• In January 1961 the United States broke diplomatic relations with Cuba.

(pages 907

–908)




(cont.)

• In April 1961, U.S. president John

F. Kennedy supported an attempt to overthrow Castro’s government.



• The attempt failed.



• The Soviets then placed missiles in Cuba, leading to the Cuban missile crisis.



(pages 907

–908)


(cont.)

• The Cuban economy relied on Soviet aid and the purchase of Cuban sugar by

Soviet bloc countries.



• When the Soviet Union collapsed, Cuba lost its support. 

• Cuba’s economy has continued to decline.



(pages 907

–908)


(cont.)

Why did Cuba’s economy rely on the

Soviet Union?

Relations between the United States and Cuba quickly deteriorated as Castro began to receive aid from the Soviet

Union and arms from Eastern Europe.

In October 1960, the United States declared a trade embargo prohibiting trade with Cuba.

(pages 907

–908)



Upheaval in Central America

• The economies of Central American countries rely on the export of bananas, coffee, and cotton.



• Prices for these goods have varied over time, causing economic crises. 

• The gap between the rich and the poor in

Central America causes instability. 

• The fear of the spread of communism in the region caused the United States to support repressive regimes.

(pages 908

–909)




(cont.)

• In the late 1970s and 1980s, El Salvador had a bitter civil war.



• During Ronald Reagan’s presidency, the

United States gave military aid to the

Salvadoran army to defeat the Marxist-led guerrillas.



• Finally, in 1992, a peace settlement ended the war.

(pages 908

–909)




(cont.)

• In 1937, the Somoza family gained and kept control of Nicaragua until 1979.



• The United States supported this repressive regime. 

• In 1979, the United States refused to support the regime any longer. 

• Marxist guerrilla forces, known as

Sandinistas, gained control of Nicaragua. 

• The contras, a group opposed to the

Sandinistas, tried to overthrow the government.

(pages 908

–909)




(cont.)

• The Reagan and Bush administrations supported the contras. 

• In 1990, the Sandinistas agreed to free elections.



(pages 908

–909)


(cont.)

• In 1903, the United States helped Panama gain independence from Colombia.



• In return, the United States was able to build the Panama Canal and gained great influence over the government and economy of Panama.



• After 1968, military leaders controlled power in Panama.

(pages 908

–909)




(cont.)

• In 1989, the United States sent troops to Panama to arrest its military leader,

Manuel Noriega, who was later sent to prison in the United States for drug trafficking.

• In 1999, the Panama Canal was turned over to Panama as outlined in a 1977 treaty.

(pages 908

–909)




(cont.)

What problems have faced Central

American countries since the end of

World War II?

Prices for the region’s main exports have varied over time, creating economic crises.

The large difference between the rich and the poor has created a climate of instability.

Fear of the spread of communism often led the United States to support repressive regimes in the area. Some countries have experienced civil wars and problems related to drug trafficking.

(pages 908

–909)





A. privatization

States who began a guerrilla war against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua

B. trade embargo

C. contras owned companies to private firms a particular country




Explain why the Cubans attempted to spur revolution in the rest of Latin

America.

The Cubans wanted to keep the revolutionary movement in Cuba alive.




List the political reforms enacted by

Mexican presidents Luís Echeverría and José López Portillo.

They allowed greater freedom of debate in the press and universities, and they opened the door to participation by new political parties.




Evaluate Why did relations between the Soviet Union and Cuba become more difficult after 1962?

The Soviet Union had backed down in the 1962 Cuban missile crisis, leading

Castro to realize that the Soviet Union was unreliable.




Examine the photo of Castro on page

900 and the photo of a Cuban refugee on page 907 of your textbook. What inferences can you draw about

Castro’s reign in Cuba from looking at these photos?

It was a military-based, poor nation. The number of refugees implies that many disliked Castro’s rule.



Close

Summarize the ways in which the

United States has intervened in

Central America and Cuba. Evaluate the consequences of U.S. involvement in these countries.

The Nations of South America

Main Ideas

• South American nations have experienced economic, social, and political problems. 

• Democracy has advanced in South America since the late 1980s. 

Key Terms

• cooperative



• Shining Path





• Juan Perón



• Salvador Allende



• Augusto Pinochet



• Juan Velasco

Alvarado 


• Argentina



• Falkland Islands





• What obstacles does the new democratic government in Brazil face? 

• What factors have been the greatest causes of

South American instability?






Brazil is the largest country in South

America in area and in population. About threefourths of Brazil’s population lives in urban areas. Brasília, Brazil’s capital, is an example of large-scale city planning.

Brazilians wanted their capital to be located inland to help settle the country’s undeveloped interior. Construction of

Brasília began in 1956. In 1960, Brazil’s capital moved from the coastal city of Rio de Janeiro to Brasília.

Argentina

• For years, Argentina was ruled by a powerful oligarchy. 

• In 1943, a group of military officers overthrew the oligarchy. 

• Juan Perón used his position as labor secretary in the military government to win over the working class. 

• He encouraged them to join labor unions, and he increased job benefits.

(pages 911

–912)



Argentina

(cont.)

• Juan Perón was elected president of

Argentina in 1946.



• To please his main supporters– labor and the working middle class –Perón increased industrialization. 

• He worked to rid Argentina of foreign investors. 

• His regime was authoritarian.

(pages 911

–912)



Argentina

(cont.)

• Perón died in 1974.



• A new military regime took power in 1976.



• To divert people’s attention from economic problems, the regime invaded the

Falkland Islands but was defeated by

Great Britain.



(pages 911

–912)

Argentina

(cont.)

• In 1983, Raúl Alfonsín was elected president of Argentina and worked to restore democratic practices.



• In 1989, Carlos Saúl Menem won the presidential election. 

• The peaceful transfer of power gave rise to hope for democracy in Argentina.



(pages 911

–912)

Argentina

(cont.)

How did Juan Perón win over the working class of Argentina?

He encouraged them to join labor unions, increased job benefits and industrialization, and worked to rid

Argentina of foreign investors.



(pages 911

–912)

Brazil

• After World War II, Brazil’s democratically elected governments were unable to solve the country’s severe economic problems.



• In 1964, the military seized control of

Brazil. 

• The military reduced government interference in the economy and stressed free market forces. 

• Brazil’s economy grew dramatically.

(pages 912

–913)



Brazil

(cont.)

• The gap between the rich and the poor of

Brazil widened.



• The inflation rate grew to 100 percent a year. 

• The military regime was replaced by a return to democracy in 1985. 

• A massive foreign debt, severe inflation, and a lack of social unity faced the new democratic government. 

• In the 1990s, a series of democratically elected presidents led to some stability in

Brazil’s economy.

(pages 912

–913)



Brazil

(cont.)

What problems have Brazil’s governments faced since World War II?

After World War II, Brazil’s democratically elected governments were unable to solve the country’s severe economic problems. In 1964, the military seized control of Brazil. The military reduced government interference in the economy and stressed freemarket forces. Brazil’s economy grew dramatically. The gap between the rich and the poor of Brazil widened. The inflation rate grew to

100 percent a year. The military regime was replaced by a return to democracy in 1985. A massive foreign debt, severe inflation, and a lack of social unity faced the new democratic government.

(pages 912

–913)



Chile

• In 1970, Marxist Salvador Allende was elected president of Chile.



• He increased the wages of industrial workers and nationalized the largest domestic and foreign-owned corporations.



• Nationalization of the copper industry angered American owners of the copper companies and the American government.

(page 913)



Chile

(cont.)

• In 1973, fearful of Allende’s growing support, the Chilean army led by General

Augusto Pinochet overthrew Allende’s government.



• The military set up a dictatorship with

Pinochet as its leader. 

• Pinochet’s government was one of the most brutal in Chile’s history.



• In 1989, free elections led to the defeat of Pinochet and to a more democratic system.

(page 913)



Chile

(cont.)

What was the Pinochet regime like?

It was one of the most brutal regimes in

Chile’s history. Thousands of opponents were imprisoned. Thousands more were tortured and murdered. Political parties were outlawed. Pinochet did away with the congress.

(page 913)



Peru

• The history of Peru’s government is one of instability.



• The economy has a history of extreme ups and downs. 

• In 1968, General Juan Velasco Alvarado took over Peru’s government.



• He seized about 75 percent of the nation’s large landed estates and put ownership of the land into the hands of peasant cooperatives –farm organizations owned by and operated for the peasants’ benefits.

(pages 913

–914)



Peru

(cont.)

• In 1975, Peruvian military leaders removed Alvarado from power.



• In 1980, the military returned Peru to civilian rule. 

• The new government had problems with the Shining Path, a group of radical guerrillas with ties to Communist China who killed missionaries, mayors, priests, and peasants. 

• They wanted to rid Peru of all authority and create a classless society.

(pages 913

–914)



Peru

(cont.)

• In June 2001, Alejandro Toledo became

Peru’s first freely elected president of

Native American descent.

(pages 913

–914)

Peru

(cont.)

What is the history of Peru’s government and economy?

The history of Peru’s government is one of instability. The economy has a history of extreme ups and downs.



(pages 913

–914)

Colombia

• A conservative elite led by the owners of coffee plantations has dominated

Colombia’s democratic political system.



• After World War II, Marxist guerrilla groups began to organize Colombian peasants. 

• The government killed more than two hundred thousand peasants by the mid-

1960s. 

• Violence continued through the 1980s and

1990s.

(page 914)



Colombia

(cont.)

• Poor peasants turned to coca leaves, used to make cocaine, as a cash crop.



• The drug trade increased under powerful cartels. 

• The United States and Colombian governments have waged an aggressive war on drugs, which included deployment of U.S. troops to Colombia in 2003.

(page 914)



Colombia

(cont.)

Why does the drug trade thrive in

Colombia?

Poor peasants turned to coca leaves, used to make cocaine, as a cash crop.

The drug trade and drug lords increased.

Drug lords formed cartels that used bribes and violence to force government cooperation in the drug traffic.

(page 914)





A. cooperative

Peru with ties to Communist

China

B. Shining Path by and operated for the benefit of the farmers




Explain why the Argentine military invaded the Falkland Islands. What was the impact of this invasion on the government of Argentina?

The Argentine military invaded the

Falkland Islands to divert attention from economic problems. The result was a defeat which discredited the military and opened the door to civilian rule .




List the obstacles Brazil’s new democratic government faced in 1985.

How did economic conditions help this democratic government come to power?

Massive foreign debt, increasingly severe inflation, and a lack of social unity were all obstacles the new government faced. Economic problems overwhelmed the military regime.




Analyze Why is it often easier for the military to seize power in a nation than it is for the military to rule that nation effectively? Which countries discussed in this chapter seem to support this theory?

Military regimes are usually repressive, leading to popular unrest.




Examine the photograph of a Brazilian city shown on page 911 of your textbook. How does this photograph reflect the problems created by the

Brazilian “economic miracle”?

It increased the gulf between rich and poor.



Close

List the challenges facing the countries of South America today.

Chapter Summary

Several Latin American countries have moved from conflict to cooperation.

Using Key Terms

Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences.

1. The anti-Communist forces that fought the Sandinistas

2. A style of literature that combines elements of the real

3. Selling government-owned companies to individuals or

4. The refusal to import or export goods to or from

5. The Communist guerrilla movement in Peru is called



Reviewing Key Facts

History What is the purpose of the

Organization of American States?

The OAS aims to end military action by one state in the affairs of another state in the Western Hemisphere.




Economics What did Fidel Castro do in 1960 that probably contributed to the decision of the United States to sponsor an invasion of Cuba at the

Bay of Pigs in 1961?

Castro began to receive aid from the

Soviet Union and arms from Eastern

Europe.




Culture Who is considered the most famous of the Latin American novelists?

Gabriel García Márquez is considered the most famous of the Latin American novelists.




History What happened that ended

Manuel Noriega’s control of Panama in 1989?

The U.S. military invaded Panama and arrested him. He was sent to prison on charges of drug trafficking.




Government What was the goal of the guerrilla group known as Shining

Path?

The Shining Path’s goal was to smash all authority and create a classless society.




Compare and Contrast Compare the policies of the United States toward

Latin American countries to those of the Soviet Union toward countries in

Eastern Europe.

Soviet control of Eastern European nations was much more comprehensive than the influence the United States has exerted on Latin American nations. The

United States has generally avoided direct military intervention in Latin

American nations. Instead, it has funded anti-Communist governments and guerrilla movements.




Drawing Inferences Analyze why the

United States used its military power to arrest Manuel Noriega after ignoring many other dishonest and corrupt leaders in Latin America.

Analyzing Maps and Charts

Study the map below and answer the questions on the following slides.


Which South

American country has the largest geographic area?

Which countries have the largest populations?

Brazil has the largest geographic area. Brazil and Mexico have the largest populations.




How do the populations of

Central American countries compare to the populations of other Latin

American countries?

They have less population due to smaller areas.




Which South

American countries are landlocked?

Between what degrees of latitude and longitude are they located?

Bolivia and

Paraguay are landlocked. Both are located between 10º and 30º South latitude and between 70º and 55º

West longitude.



Standardized Test Practice

Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question.

Why are Latin American countries economically important to the

United States?

A American banks need countries such as Brazil and Mexico to default on their loans.

B Latin American countries are popular destinations for

American tourists.

C Latin American countries are colonies of European nations.

D America imports raw goods such as oil, coffee, and copper from Mexico, El Salvador, Colombia, and Chile.

Test-Taking Tip Read test questions carefully because every word is important. This question asks why Latin America is economically important. Therefore, you can eliminate any answer choices that do not offer explanations about their economic importance.



Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter.

Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Glencoe World History Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://wh.glencoe.com

Economics

Population

Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

Economics Discuss why democracy is in a precarious position in any state that is experiencing economic instability. Bolivia had an annual inflation rate that reached 24,000 percent in the 1980s.

What did that inflation rate do to the price of gas and utilities? Compute the price changes using the prices of items with which you are familiar.

Population According to the U.S. Census of 2000,

Hispanics are the majority ethnic group in the United

States. Determine the effect of immigration in your local area. Perhaps you live in an area of Asian immigration. Try to understand why people emigrate.

Archbishop Oscar Romero In the 1970s and 1980s,

El Salvador was torn by civil war. Oscar Romero was appointed archbishop because he was seen as a moderate figure. Shortly after his appointment, his friend Father Rutillo Grande was assassinated by a paramilitary death squad. This changed Romero from a moderate to an activist, speaking out openly against government-sponsored death squads. He was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for his courageous efforts. In 1980, as Romero was preparing mass, a shot rang out from the back of the church.

Romero was killed instantly.

Bay of Pigs About 1,500 anti-Castro exiles, trained by the Unite States, landed in Cuba at the Bay of

Pigs. They wanted Cubans to revolt against Castro.

The anti-Castro exiles were hoping for American military support, but President Kennedy barred open military support. The Cuban people did not join the anti-Castro invasion and most of the invaders were captured or killed. The invasion tarnished Kennedy’s presidency and damaged the image of the United

States.

Developing a Database

Why Learn This Skill?

Do you have an address book with your friends' names; addresses; and phone, fax, pager, and cell numbers? Do you have to cross out information when numbers change? When you have a party, do you address all the invitations by hand?

If your address book were stored in a computer, you could find a name instantly. You could update your address book easily and use the computer to print out invitations and envelopes.

This feature can be found on page 915 of your textbook.


Why Learn This Skill?

(cont.)

When you collect information in a computer file, the file is called an electronic database. The database can contain any kind of information: lists detailing your CD collection; notes for a research paper; your daily expenses. Using an electronic database can help you locate information quickly and organize and manage it, no matter how large the file.



Learning the Skill

An electronic database is a collection of facts that is stored in a file on the computer. Although you can build your own database, there is special software –called a database management system (DBMS) –that makes it easy to add, delete, change, or update information. Some popular commercial DBMS programs allow you to create address books, note cards, financial reports, family trees, and many other types of records. 

A database can be organized and reorganized in any way that is useful to you.


Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.


Learning the Skill

(cont.)

• The DBMS software program will usually give clear instructions about entering and arranging your information. 

• The information in a database is organized into different fields. For example, in an address book, one field might be your friends’ names and another could be their addresses.



• When you retrieve information, the computer will search through the files and display the information on the screen.

Often it can be organized and displayed in a variety of ways, depending on what you want.




Practicing the Skill

Fidel Castro is one of the Latin American leaders discussed in this chapter. Use the following steps to build a database of the political events that have taken place during his years as Cuba’s leader.



Practicing the Skill

(cont.)

1. Determine what facts you want to include in your database. 

2. Follow the instructions in the DBMS that you are using to set up fields. 

3. Determine how you want to organize the facts in the database –chronologically by the date of the event, or alphabetically by the name of the event. 

4. Follow the instructions in your computer program to place the information in order of importance.



A victorious Fidel Castro rides through the streets of Havanna in 1959

Read The Castro Brothers on page 900 of your textbook. Then answer the questions on the following slides.


How successful was the attack on Moncada?

Most troops were killed, wounded, or arrested.


Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

From today’s vantage point, how would you evaluate Batista’s decision to release the Castro brothers?

Releasing them resulted in Batista’s overthrow.



What do you think will happen in Cuba when

Castro is no longer the leader?


Click the image on the right to listen to an excerpt from page 910 of your textbook. Read the information on page 910 of your textbook. Then answer the questions on the following slides.



What was the reason for the military attack on the students?

The official government reports said that the

Mexican authorities had been fired upon, and they returned the gunfire.



Why do you think the government reacted with such violence?

Possible answer: It was only days before the opening of the Mexico City Olympics, and the

Mexican government wanted to avoid the possibility of any disturbances during the

Olympic Games.



Do you think the government handled the situation well? Why or why not?



Objectives

After viewing “The Cuban Revolution,” you should:



• Realize that the brutal and corrupt rule of the Batista regime opened the door for Fidel Castro to gain support for a revolt in 1959. 

• Know that Cubans have had few rights and freedoms under

Castro's rule and that Cuba has suffered economically as well. 

• Reflect on the reasons for ongoing tensions in U.S.-Cuban relations.


Click in the window above to view a preview of the World History video.


What was life like in Cuba under the Batista regime?

Corruption was widespread, poverty was rampant, and political dissent was stifled.




Why have Cubans called Castro both a hero and a devil?

Many people have considered Castro a hero because he led a popular revolt. However, many people have considered him evil because he stifled political liberties.



Maps

U.S. Involvement in Latin America Since 1945

Per Capita Income, 1960s

Main Exports, 1990s

Chart

Population of Latin America, 1950 –2020

Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

a slum area with high-rise apartments or hotels in the background

Possible answer: They are planning to build a shanty or hut with them.

There are extremes of wealth and poverty.



They disagreed with

Castro.

It drove them closer together.

It was heavily dependent on aid from the Soviet

Union.



It is the inauguration of

Brazil’s president.

Brazil will be transformed into a sovereign, dignified nation.

The president refers to treating all citizens with justice and compassion.



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