Circulatory system 1/ Blood flow (Heart and circulatory system) 2/ Blood vessels 3/ Vasoconstriction and vasodilation Circulatory system 1/ Blood flow (Heart and circulatory system) Pulmonary artery2 Vena cava 1 Aorta 3 Pulmonary 4 vein Right atrium1 Right ventricle2 3 atrium Left 4Left ventricle Semi-lunar valves 4 3 1 Right Atrio-Ventricular valve AV valve 2 Left AtrioVentricular valve AV valve Carotid artery Pulmonary vein Jugular vein Pulmonary artery Aorta Vena cava Coronary artery Hepatic vein Renal vein Portal vein Hepatic artery Renal artery • • • • • • • • • • • • What is the function of arteries? Arteries take the blood Away from the heart, What is the function of veins? Veins have Valves What happens as the blood moves away from the heart? A decrease in blood pressure Why do we need a heart made of two pumps? One side restores blood pressure after the blood has passed in the tiny capillaries of the organ tissues. The other sides restores blood pressure after the blood has passed in the tiny capillaries of the lungs. What does oxygenated blood means? Blood which contains a higher concentration of oxygen than surrounding tissues. What does deoxygenated blood means? Blood which contains a low concentration of oxygen. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABTvNR5 9K5Q Circulatory system 1/ Blood flow (Heart and circulatory system) 2/ Blood vessels • • • • • • • • • • 2. What does the outer layer of connective tissue in arteries and veins contain? Elastic fibres 3. What is the importance of the elastic fibres in arteries? They enable the walls of the artery to pulsate (stretch and recoil) to accommodate surges in blood. 4. How does the muscular wall of veins compare with that of arteries? It is thinner 5. What is the function of the valves found in veins? Prevent back flow of blood 6. What is the function of capillaries? Allow exchange of substances between the blood and living tissues. • • • • • • • • • Veins carry the blood towards the heart. Veins have an outer layer of connective tissue containing elastic fibres. They have a much thinner muscular wall than arteries. Blood flows along veins at lower pressure than arteries. The lumen of a vein is wider than that of an artery. Valves are present in veins to prevent the back flow of blood. Capillaries merge together to form venules which again merge to form veins which carry the blood back to the heart. Capillaries form a dense network, they allow exchange of substances with tissues. They are only one cell thick so they allow quick and efficient exchange of materials. • • • • • • Arteries carry blood away from the heart Arteries have an outer layer of connective tissue containing elastic fibres and a middle layer containing smooth muscle with more elastic fibres. The elastic walls of the arteries stretch and recoil to accommodate the surge of blood after each contraction of the heart. The smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles (small arteries) can contract or relax causing vasoconstriction or vasodilation to control blood flow. During strenuous exercise arterioles leading to working muscles vasodilate increasing blood flow. At the same time arterioles leading to abdominal organs vasocontract reducing blood flow. • Function of veins? Veins carry the blood towards the heart. • Structure Veins have an outer layer of of veins? connective tissue containing elastic fibres. 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What its blood. function? prevent the back flowis of • What Capillaries merge together to are venules? form venules which again merge to form veins which carry the blood back to the heart. • Function Capillaries form a dense of capillaries? network, they allow exchange of substances with tissues. capillaries andthick how so • Structure They areofonly one cell Itthey helpsallow its function? quick and efficient exchange of materials. • • • • • • Arteries blood away from Arteries carry function? the heart Arteriesstructure? have an outer layer of Arteries connective tissue containing elastic fibres and a middle layer containing smooth muscle with more elastic fibres. The elasticofwalls offibres the arteries Function elastic ? stretch and recoil to accommodate the surge of blood after each contraction of the heart. What is the effect of contraction or The smooth the walls of relaxation of muscle smooth in muscles in the arterioles (small arteries) can walls of the arterioles? contract or relax causing vasoconstriction or vasodilation to control blood flow. How dostrenuous arterioles react to During exercise arterioles leading to working strenuous exercise? muscles vasodilate increasing blood flow. At the same time arterioles leading to abdominal organs vasocontract reducing blood flow. Circulatory system 1/ Blood flow (Heart and circulatory system) 2/ Blood vessels 3/ Vasoconstriction and vasodilation • The smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles (small arteries) can contract or relax causing vasoconstriction or vasodilation to control blood flow. • This process allows changing demands of the body’s tissues to be met. • Give 2 examples of circumstances during which vasoconstriction and vasodilation take place and describe the pattern of dilation and contractions. • During exercise • Regulate body temperature • During exercise – During strenuous exercise arterioles leading to working muscles vasodilate increasing blood flow. – At the same time arterioles leading to abdominal organs vasocontract reducing blood flow. • To regulate body temperature – When we are too hot, blood vessels supplying blood to the skin can swell or dilate (vasodilation). This allows more warm blood to flow near the surface of the skin, where the heat can be lost to the air. – When we are too cold the blood vessels supplying warm blood to the skin become narrow or constrict (vasoconstriction). This reduces the flow of warm blood near the surface of the skin, and reduces heat loss. – A very common mistake in exams is to write that the blood vessels move up and down in the skin. The blood vessels do not move during vasodilation and vasoconstriction.