Ch. 33-37 Test
1. What crisis emerged in 1956 that demonstrated the
diminished powers of European nations in
world affairs?
A) Portugal attempted to reassert its control over Goa.
B) The Netherlands sought to establish colonial rule in
South Africa.
C) Britain and France attempted forcibly to halt Egypt’s
nationalization of the Suez Canal.
D) France was driven from Libya.
E) A revolt broke out in communist Poland but was put
down by the Soviets.
2. Which of the following statements concerning western
European nations in NATO is most
accurate?
A) Increasingly western European nations withdrew from
NATO and established
self-sufficient military defensive systems.
B) Western European nations rapidly lost their fear of
Soviet aggression leading to
weakening of NATO.
C) Western European nations rapidly expanded their
military expenditures to equal and
exceed those of the U.S.
D) Europeans ultimately became rather comfortable with
the concept of relying on U.S.
protection.
E) West Germany took the lead establishing a new antiSoviet coalition and withdrawing
from NATO.
3. US almost went to war with the USSR over
a) the downing of a Soviet plane in the United States
b) the discovery of nuclear weapons in Cuba
c) the placement of a wall around West Germany
d) Kennedy’s statement that “I am a Berliner”
e) Yuri Gagarin’s trek into space
4. Which of the following was not a cause of World War I?
a) conflict in the Balkans supported by “big brother” Russia
b) alliance system pits Russia and Britain against Germany
and Japan
c) Britain’s dominance in naval superiority in jeopardy
d) competition over empires in Africa
e) desire for Pan-Slavic Movement
5. During wartime
a) governments impose censorship on press
b) if you’re pessimistic, considered a traitor
c) government takes over industry to gear towards war
d) women needed to take over male roles
e) all of the above
6. How did World War II differ from World War I?
a) war confined to European continent
b) technology allowed war to become more global
c) involvement of Asia in conflict
d) utilized resources from Australia
e) United States entered late in conflict
7. Which of the following WAS NOT a feature of the Cold
War?
a) nations had to choose between capitalism and
communism
b) a technological arms race ensued
c) nations divided
d) a bipolar equilibrium was created between USA and
USSR
e) newly freed nations not forced to choose sides until
economies stabilized
8. What was the name of the agreement that the Zionist
movement used to justify the creation of Israel?
a) the Balfour Declaration
b) Treaty 731
c) the Tehran Conference
d) the Peace of Paris
e) the Silk Letter
9. Which of the following WAS NOT a reason for the
Marshall Plan?
a) desire to combat Soviet influence in Western Europe
b) reaction to British funding of mainland
c) need to recreate market for US goods
d) genuine sympathy for European situation
e) protect struggling governments from Soviet influence
10. Which of the following was a Soviet success during the
years of Khrushchev’s dominance?
A) The Cuban missile crisis
B) The development of agriculture in Siberia
C) The launching of Sputnik
D) Increases in overall agricultural productivity
E) Development of new nuclear weaponry
11. Which of the following statements concerning the
Soviet military following Stalin’s death is
most accurate?
A) Overall the Soviet Union played a cautious diplomatic
game, almost never engaging in
warfare but maintaining a high level of preparedness.
B) The continued growth of the Soviet military led to an
increasing willingness on the part
of Russian rulers to engage in direct military intervention
around the globe.
C) Following Stalin’s death, subsequent Soviet rulers
enacted a policy of progressive
demilitarization.
D) Following World War II, the Soviet military played no
significant role in subsequent
Russian history.
E) The Soviet military attempted to create a containment
system when it came to countering
American military moves.
12. Which of the following statements most accurately
describes the outcome of the Cuban
revolution?
A) Despite the successful overthrow of Batista, the
revolutionary government failed to enact
significant reforms in the plantation economy.
B) The revolutionary government eventually announced its
adoption of Marxist-Leninist
leanings, broke off relations with the U.S., and introduced
sweeping socialist reforms.
C) The largely liberal government that resulted from the
revolution returned to the
constitution of 1940 and closer relationships with the U.S.
D) After a brief sojourn in the U.S., Batista was able to
return to power with the support of
the U.S. military.
E) Castro and the United States agreed to a cease-fire and
resumed normal relations by
1970.
13. The term perestroika refers to
A) a new freedom to comment and criticize the Soviet
government.
B) economic restructuring and more leeway for private
ownership.
C) the Soviet space program.
D) the establishment of a liberal democracy.
E) an attempt by the Soviet leadership to allow noncommunists to manage the economy.
14. All of the following were reforms of Mikhail
Gorbachev EXCEPT
A) relaxation of media restrictions.
B) the dividing of the Soviet Union into its original states.
C) the reduction of nuclear arms.
D) the ending of the Soviet-Afghani war.
E) encouraging more decentralized decision making.
15. How did early Chinese Marxist philosophy differ from
Lenin’s?
A) Chinese philosophers emphasized the role of the
proletariat in the revolution.
B) Chinese thinkers stressed the gradualist approach to
political change.
C) Sun Yatsen taught that the revolution could only occur
after the complete
industrialization of China.
D) The study circle at the University of Beijing saw the
peasants as the vanguard of
revolution.
E) The dictatorship of the proletariat would last forever.
16. Which of the following was NOT a factor leading to the
development of fascism in Germany?
A) The impact of the depression
B) Treaty arrangements that forced Germany to accept the
blame for World War I
C) The recent and shaky tradition of parliamentary
government
D) The division of Germany into zones of occupation by
the victorious Allies in World War I
E) The rise of leaders such as Hitler
17. Which of the following was NOT typical of the Soviet
economy?
A) Control of virtually all economic sectors
B) Emphasis on heavy industrial goods
C) Need to create a massive armaments industry
D) Ready availability of consumer goods
E) Emphasis on rigid planning
18. The Brezhnev Doctrine
a. called for economic and political liberalization in
eastern Europe.
b. was a policy of containment to stop the spread of
communism.
c. offered billions of dollars in aid to combat the
spread of capitalism.
d. reserved the right of the Soviet Union to invade any
socialist country that was deemed to be threatened
by forces hostile to socialism.
e. forbade changes in the basic communist economic
structure but allowed for some local political
freedom.
19. Which of the following was not one of the foundations
of Gandhi’s philosophy?
a. an attempt to improve the position of the harijans
b. boycotting British goods
c. heavy industrialization
d. passive resistance
e. economic self-sufficiency
20. Sun Yatsen’s plan for China included all of the
following except
a. the elimination of privileges for foreigners.
b. the establishment of a communist, totalitarian
government.
c. national reunification.
d. economic development.
e. a democratic republican government based on
universal suffrage.
21. Which of the following is NOT indicative of the United
States’ policy of containment during the Cold War period?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
U.S. backing of an invasion of Cuba
intended to overthrow Fidel Castro
U.S. pressure on the United Nations to send
troops to expel North Korean troops from
South Korea
Erection of the Berlin Wall
U.S. sending of huge sums of money to
Greece and Turkey under the Truman
Doctrine
U.S. stockpiling of nuclear arsenals and
development of deployment systems
(Questions 22 and 23 are based on the following excerpt
“Take up the White mans burdenSend forth the best ye breedGo bind your sons to exile
To serve your captains’ need;
To wait in heavy harness,
on fluttered folk and wildYour new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half child.”
22. What does Kipling mean by “The White Man’s
burden?
a. the responsibility to civilize people in non-industrialized
areas
b. the disadvantages that industrialization brings to the
lower classes of European nations
c. the conflicts caused when trade routes were opened to
Africa, Asia and South America
d. the health and financial risks that Europeans take when
they travel to foreign lands
e. the right to seize property and power from nonindustrialized areas.
23. What does the poem reflect about Kipling’s attitudes
toward imperialism?
a. Imperialism is the responsibility of European nations, but
should not be practiced in the United States
b. the evils of imperialism are disguised by false beliefs
that white men are just trying to help the people they
conquer.
c. Imperialists have the responsibility to civilize the people
in conquered nations, despite the fact that they will
encounter resistance and resentment.
d. The risks and disadvantages of imperialism are
outweighed by its economic benefits.
e. Imperialism helps Europeans more than it helps
conquered lands.
24. The reason for intense Imperialism among European
nations included all of the following EXCEPT
a. industrialization generated the demand for new sources
of raw materials
b. the military need to establish strategic bases around the
world
c. the belief in racial superiority of Europeans
d. there was a need to establish new markets for Europeanmade goods
e. population decline in European nations required new
sources of labor.
25. In the late nineteenth century, European imperialism in
BOTH Africa and China was characterized by
a. widespread trade in opium.
b. the encouragement of slavery
c. extensive conquest of territory
d. small military enclaves along the coastlines.
e. competition amongst imperialist powers.
26. The main difference between the philosophies of Marx
and Lenin was
a. Lenin’s belief that the revolution had to be based on
free market reforms.
b. Lenin’s belief that the working class was incapable
of developing revolutionary consciousness on its
own.
c. that Lenin was much more moderate than Marx.
d. Lenin’s belief that revolution was an inevitable
force of history that would develop on its own.
e. Marx’s continuing fascination with the Utopian
Socialists.
27. Comfort women were
a. members of the WAVES (Women Appointed for
Volunteer Emergency Service).
b. American women who took over men’s work
during the course of World War II.
c. Korean and Chinese women forced into prostitution
by the Japanese.
d. German spies sent to infiltrate Allied nations.
e. wealthy women who received the title as an insult
because of their refusal to assist in the war effort.
28. By 1915, conflict on the Western Front
A) had become a shifting game of rapid maneuver with few
major battles.
B) had resulted in the surrender of France and the
establishment of the Vichy government.
C) had resulted in victory for the British and French troops,
who pushed the exhausted
enemy to the borders of Germany.
D) had settled into a deadly stalemate in which hundreds of
thousands of lives were
expended for a few feet of trench.
E) had resulted in massive food shortages in both France
and Great Britain.
29. As a direct consequence of both World War I and
World War II
A) women’s participation in the labor force increased
greatly.
B) women’s participation in the labor force increased only
slightly.
C) women’s participation in the labor force decreased
significantly.
D) women’s participation in the labor force stayed basically
at the same levels.
E) women’s participation in the labor force decreased only
slightly
30. Which of the following was NOT included in the final
set of treaties that ended World War I?
A) A League of Nations was formed, but the United States
refused to join.
B) Russia was rewarded for its service to the Allies by the
grant of substantial territories in
Poland and the Baltic republics.
C) Germany was forced to accept blame for the war and to
pay huge reparations to the
victorious Allies.
D) Austria-Hungary was divided up into a Germanic
Austria as well as the independent
states of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.
E) Poland was created from eastern German territory.
31. What was the result of the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion?
a. Fidel Castro was successfully overthrown by the CIAsponsored coup, and communism was contained in Cuba.
b. the invasion failed, therefore boosting Castro’s
reputation and damaging the reputation of the United States
in Latin American States.
c. the invasion ended in a stalemate, and Cuba was split
between communists in the north and noncommunist in the
south.
d. the invasion caused Latin America nations to boycott
products from Cuba
32. What phrase did Winston Churchill coin to describe the
division between free and repressed
societies after World War II?
A) The red menace
B) The iron curtain
C) The Berlin wall
D) The cold war
E) The red scare
33. Which of the following statements concerning U.S.
military spending is most accurate?
A) After World War II, U.S. military spending
continuously declined.
B) Under Democratic presidents, the percentage of U.S.
resources devoted to the military
increased while under Republican presidents the same
expenditures decreased.
C) The U.S. abandoned military preeminence to the
growing power of France.
D) Regardless of the party in political power, the
percentage of the U.S. budget going to the
military remained stable or rose from the 1950s to the
1980s.
E) Under Republican presidents, the percentage of U.S.
resources devoted to the military
increased while under Democratic presidents the same
expenditures decreased.
34. Japan’s surrender in the Pacific was precipitated by
A) the use of atomic weapons on the cities of Nagasaki and
Hiroshima by the U.S.
B) a massive land and sea assault on the Japanese home
islands.
C) the loss of the Philippines to the U.S.
D) the British advance through Malaya into China.
E) the loss of China to combined British and American
forces.
35. Which of the following resulted from Stalin’s
agricultural policies?
A) Peasants were presented with real market incentives for
increased production.
B) Kulaks were able to achieve control over most of the
agricultural lands of Russia.
C) Agricultural production remained a major weakness in
the Soviet economy, demanding
a higher percentage of the work force than was common
under industrialization.
D) Agricultural planning was non-existent, as small farmers
continued to control most of
Russian productivity.
E) The Soviets had to import grain from their western
neighbors and China.
36. Which of the following actions did governments take in 1929 with the onset of the depression?
A) National tariffs were raised to keep out the goods of other countries.
B) A new spirit of cooperation led to the formation of international trade agreements
between nations.
C) Governments increased spending to provide an economic stimulus to their threatened
economies.
D) Governments successfully reduced unemployment through the creation of public service
jobs.
E) Wars broke out between various European countries over the struggle for reduced
resources.
37. What was Lenin’s solution to Russian participation in World War I?
A) He launched a massive offensive campaign that carried Russian forces deep within
Germany.
B) He immediately demanded that his British and French allies send humanitarian,
economic, and military aid to the Eastern Front.
C) He negotiated a peace treaty with the Germans and surrendered huge amounts of land
on Russia’s western border.
D) He successfully achieved a significant role at the Versailles peace negotiations.
E) He implemented a trench warfare strategy which caused the German advance to stop.
38. The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961 in order to
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
provide a photogenic backdrop for President Reagan’s “Tear down this wall” speech.
prevent Hitler from invading the Soviet Union.
defend Western Europe against a Soviet nuclear attack.
provide work for unemployed Germans during the Depression.
stop East Berliners from fleeing to West Berlin.
39. Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany all responded to Gorbachev’s reforms by doing what?
a. They moved toward a non-communist government with free market economies.
b. They moved toward a socialist government with centrally planned economies.
c. They moved toward a totalitarian regime to suppress protests.
d. The collapsed into failed states.
e. They ousted authoritarian leaders by violent force.
40. pick c