Chapter 1 Review
1
 The study of relationships between living organisms
and the environment
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Environmental Science
Ecology
Natural Capital
Environmentalism
Ecosystem
2
 The interdisciplinary subject that combines
information from the physical sciences and the social
sciences to learn how the Earth works
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Environmental Science
Ecology
Natural Capital
Environmentalism
Ecosystem
3
 Natural resources and natural services that keep us
and other forms of life alive and support our
economics
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Environmental Science
Ecology
Natural Capital
Environmentalism
Ecosystem
4
 All of the following are examples of sustainability.
Which of the following are sustainable practices:
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I implementing a mandatory recycling program
II Installing a new fleet of diesel busses
III installing solar panels to reduce reliance on nonrenewable
resources
I only
I and II
II only
I and III
III only
5
 Which of the following best describes world
population growth:
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World population has been increasing at a constant rate
Population of the world is split evenly between developed and
developing countries
World population has been growing exponentially
Population of the world has been rising dramatically since
1963
World population is expected to decrease in size from current
values and be smaller by 2040
6
 Which of the following factors is used by the UN to
classify a nation as developed or developing?
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Gain in population
Resource use
Distribution of wealth in the population
Degree of industrialization
Annual birth rate
7
 A resource that can be replaced in a human lifetime
is known as a
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Conservative resource
Nonrenewable resource
Important resource
Renewable resource
Sustainable resource
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 ALL of the following are true of nonrenewable
resources EXCEPT
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Exist in a fixed quantity and are exhaustible
Nonrenewable resources formed on the geologic timescale of
millions to billions of years
Nonrenewable resources can be used on a sustainable yield
basis to ensure they will always be available
Include metallic minerals which can be recycled or reused
Many of the energy sources we currently rely on are
nonrenewable
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 Plants and trees can be cut down and replanted.
These resources are therefore considered to be
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Renewable resources
Nonrenewable resources
Perpetual
Exhaustible resources
Sustainable
10
 An ecological footprint is defined as
 The impact an individual may have on a given area of land
 The amount of biologically productive land and water needed
to sustain an individual within a population
 The carrying capacity of the earth for a given population
 The amount of land and water that has been converted to
nonproductive use within a given geographical region
 None of these
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 A measure of a nation’s economic development
based on a measure of per capital GDP PPP which
includes all of the following EXCEPT
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Annual market value of all goods produced within the country
Annual market value of services operating within the country
Disparity of wealth between individuals within the country
The total population at midyear
Comparison of individual purchasing power based on currency
rates
12
 The “Tragedy of the Commons” refers to the overuse
of:
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Free-access resources
Government subsidies
Privately owned resources
Venture capital
Corporate revenue
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 Environmental degradation is:
 A type of pollution which cannot be broken down in the
environment
 Harmful materials which can be broken down in natural
systems
 When we exceed or compromise a renewable resource’s
natural replacement rate, the available supply shrinks
 A type of environmental ethic in which human needs and
intelligence allows us to use resources as we wish
 A system of measurement used by environmental scientists to
rate the health of a specific system
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 Point pollution sources
 Can usually be ID within a given area
 Can never be located
 Are dispersed and difficult to ID
 Are much more expensive to control than Nonpoint sources
 Cannot be controlled
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 All of the following are true with respect to
pollutants EXCEPT
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They disrupt life-support systems for living organisms
They can damage property
They create nuisances within an environment
They contribute to the balance within an ecosystem
They can be a hazard to human health
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 A pollution prevention strategy would include:
 Government spending more money on clean-up initiatives
 Using incineration of waste thereby reducing the volume of
solid waste and moving the pollution to a smaller air pollution
problem
 Land being set aside for the burial of pollutants to allow the
environment to naturally deal with existing pollutants
 Replacing old polluting systems with new technology which
does not result in problematic waste
 Creating efficient waste collection and management systems in
communities
17
 Which of the following are considered to be causes of
key environmental problems:
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I population growth
II unsustainable resource use
III poverty within a population
II only
II and III only
I and II only
I, II, and III
I and III only
18
 The environmental impact of a population on a given
area depends on
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I population size
II combined environmental effects of technologies
III affluence-level or consumption patterns within the
population
I only
I and III
II only
I, II, and III
I and II
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 Environmental ethics can best be defined as:
 Using the environment wisely
 Maintaining environmental sustainability
 Examining the moral basis of environmental responsibility
and its extent
 None of these
 All of these
20
 If you wanted to determine if a resource was being
used in a sustainable way, which of the following
data would you analyze?
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The difference between the demand for the resource and the
availability of the resource
The total amount of the resource available
The rate at which the resource was being recycled
The difference between the rate of resource consumption and
the rate at which the resource is replenished
The change in population size since that resource was
introduced
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 Nutrient cycling is:
 The circulation of chemicals necessary for life through the
living and nonliving systems of the environment
 One of the natural services of our ecosystems
 A scientific principal of sustainability
 Illustrated by the process of decaying matter returning
nutrients to the soil to be taken up again by plants
 All of the above
22
 According to the World Health Organization (WHO),
poverty often results in premature death due to all fo
the following reasons EXCEPT
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Malnutrition
Limited access to adequate sanitation
Sever respiratory disease from indoor air pollution
Available clean drinking water
Lack of access to health care
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 Affluence results in a safer, often more
environmentally managed society in all the way
EXCEPT
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Clean drinking water
Abundant and safe food supply
Increased resource use
Reduction in life-threatening disease
Education which spurs new technology, research, and
environmental awareness
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 Consider the following data on population size and
land area. Which of the countries has the highest
population density?
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Country population (in millions) 1st # column
Land area (in millions of hectares) 2nd # column
Country A
12
4
Country B
10
0.5
Country C
33
5.5
Country D
10
30
Country E
10
10