ACTIVITY #6: ORGANIC
MOLECULES
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Study of compounds
that contain bonds
between carbon
atoms
Inorganic chemistry:
study of all other
compounds
WHY IS CARBON SO SPECIAL?
 Has 4 valence electrons
 Allowing it to form up to
four bonds
 One carbon atom can bond
to another, giving it the
ability to form chains that
are almost unlimited in
length
 Carbon-carbon bonds can be
single, double or even triple
covalent bonds
 Chains of carbon atoms can
close up on themselves to
form rings
HONC 1234
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS VS. INORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
Organic
 Usually defined as
compounds which contain
carbon with hydrogen
 May contain additional
elements as well
 Produced only by living
things
 Biotic
 Range from simple to
very complex
 Contain strong, covalent
bonds
 Examples: CH 4 , C 6 H 12 O 6 ,
SUGARS, PROTEINS,
FATS, OILS, DNA
Inorganic
 Usually defined as
compounds that do not
contain carbon with
hydrogen
 May contain just carbon
 Often can be formed in
the non-living
environment
 Abiotic
 Can also be made
by/found in living things
 Examples: H 2 O, NaCl, O 2 ,
NH 3 , CaCO 3 , CO 2
PRACTICE
Substance
 table
1. sodium chloride (table salt): NaCl
2. glucose: C6H12O6
3. water: H2O
4. heating oil: C14H30
5. chitin (a protein): C8H12NO5
6. thymine (a nitrogenous base):
C5H5N2O2
7. sulfuric acid: H2SO4
8. oxygen gas: O2
9. ethanol: C2H5OH
10. adenosine triphosphate (ATP):
C10H16N5O13P3
11. carbon dioxide: CO2
Organic?
Inorganic?
MACROMOLECULES
 Main organic
molecules of living
things
 Polymers made from
monomers
 Monomers: small
repeating units
 Polymers: larger
molecules made from
putting the monomers
together
 4 major group:
 Carbohydrates
 Lipids
 Nucleic Acids
 Protein
MACROMOLECULES: CARBS.
GROUP
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Basic Building Blocks
(Monomers)
Monosaccharides
Macromolecule
(Polymer)
Polysaccharide
CARBOHYDRATES
Polymer
Monomer
MACROMOLECULES: LIPIDS
GROUP
Basic Building Blocks
(Monomers)
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Lipids
Glycerol
3 fatty acids
Macromolecule
(Polymer)
Polysaccharide
Triglyceride
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
The exception: Lipids are not composed of monomers and polymers.
Instead, they take different forms.
LIPIDS
MACROMOLECULES: NUCLEIC ACIDS
GROUP
Carbohydrates
Basic Building Blocks
(Monomers)
Monosaccharides
Macromolecule
(Polymer)
Polysaccharide
Lipids
Glycerol
3 fatty acids
Triglyceride
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
Nucleic Acid
(DNA or RNA)
Proteins
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Monomer
Polymer
MACROMOLECULES: PROTEINS
GROUP
Basic Building Blocks
(Monomers)
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharide
Lipids
Glycerol
3 fatty acids
Triglyceride
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
Proteins
Amino acids
Macromolecule
(Polymer)
Nucleic Acid
(DNA or RNA)
Polypeptide/protein
PROTEINS
Polymer
Monomer
MACROMOLECULES AND FOOD
Foods in
which
they are
found
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Breads,
fruit,
sweets,
vegetables
Fats
(butter), oils
(olive, etc.)
All foods
that came
from living
things
Proteins
Meat, fish,
beans, soy
BUILDING AND BREAKING DOWN
MACROMOLECULES
 2 major chemical processes (metabolic reactions)
occur to build up or break down organic molecules
into larger or smaller units
 These reactions occur to build and break all four
types of macromolecule (carb, lipid, nucleic acid, and
protein)
 Dehydration synthesis
 Hydrolysis
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
 Chemical reaction where a large molecule is
formed/synthesized from smaller molecules by taking away a
water molecule
HYDROLYSIS
 Chemical reaction where a large molecule is broken
down/hydrolized into smaller molecules by adding a water
molecule
disaccharide
+ water → yields monosaccharide + monosaccharide