Indicative
The verb tenses you have learned so far:
Present (incl. the “–ing” form, ir+a+inf future)
Past (the preterite and the imperfect)
The indicative is used for stating facts,
communicating knowledge, or asking
questions:
Quiero conocer a Jaime.
¿Qué comiste esta mañana?
Subjunctive mood
 Used to convey one speaker’s wishes,
attitudes, hopes, fears, doubts,
uncertainties, and other personal reactions
to the events and actions of others.
Quiero que (tú) conozcas a Jaime.
Espero que (él) esté en casa.
Me alegro de que (ustedes) vengan
temprano a conocerlo.
•We take the first person singular "Yo " form of the verb (we'll use Hablar):
Formation of the subjunctive mood
 Start with the Yo form in the present tense
 Drop the “o” ending
 add the opposite endings:
▪ -Ar adds –Er/-Ir endings; -Er/-Ir adds –Ar endings
1) Hablar ---> Hablo
2) Drop the "o"
3) ---> Habl4) Add the opposite ending: `e'
(in other words, an ending we would expect to see on an Ir or
Er verb)
5) ---> Hable [subjunctive!]
But this time we won’t simply take off the last two letters of the infinitive to get to
the root/stem of the verb. We have a new way to form the stem:
The subjunctive mood
If a verb is irregular in the present tense Yo form
So are the subjunctive forms for all conjugations (yo,
tú, él, ella, Ud., etc).
conocer
conozcø
conozca, conozcas,…
decir
digø
diga, digas,…
hacer
hagø
haga, hagas,…
poner
pongø
ponga, pongas,…
salir
salgø
salga, salgas,…
tener
tengø
tenga, tengas,…
traer
traigø
traiga, traigas,…
venir
vengø
venga, vengas,…
Stem-changing -ar and -er verbs follow the same
pattern in the present subjunctive as the present tense yo
form.
Stem changes occur in all forms except nosotros (No for
Nosotros)
pensar (eie)
piense
pensemos
pienses
piense
volver (o ue)
vuelva
volvamos
vuelvas
piensen
vuelva
vuelvan
-Ir verbs follow the pattern of the present tense yo form
but also stem change (ei and o u) in the nosotros form
divertirse (eie, i)
pedir (e i, i)
me divierta nos divirtamos pida
te diviertas
se divierta
pidamos
pida
duerma
durmamos
Duermas
Pidas
se diviertan
dormir (oue, u)
pidan
duerma
duerman
Verb
Yo form (present tense)
Subjunctive
Ser
Soy
Sea
Estar
Estoy
Esté
Dar
Doy
Dé
Ir
Voy
Vaya
Saber
Sé
Sepa
Haber
He
Haya
 When you want to express a desire, preference,
recommendation, request, or suggestion that someone else
do something, use
 a verb of preference + que + subjunctive.
(Yo) Quiero
que
(tú) vayas a la fiesta.
 Notice that there are two subjects: the person influencing
and the person influenced.
Subject 1
expression of wish to influence
-indicative-
Subject 2
+ que +
action influenced
*subjunctive*
U
Subject #2
The verb is in the
Subjunctive
Subject
#1
Bip! Bip!
Bip!
Verizon
Wireless
Located in
reality
wanting
Subject #2
to do
something
Imagined world of
the Subjunctive
Subjunctive Worlds©1996 drlemon
Verbs that express the wish to influence include:
querer (ie)
to want
preferir (ie, i) to prefer
insistir (en)
to insist (on)
recomendar (ie) to recommend
sugerir (ie, i)
to suggest
pedir (i, i)
to request
decir (i)
to tell to do
Quiero que me ayudes.
Prefieren que salgamos ahora.
Insisten en que lleguemos a tiempo.
Te recomiendo que lo llames.
Te sugiero que lo invites a la fiesta.
Le pedimos que traiga pan.
Te digo que no esperes más.
Modelo: La madre quiere que se acueste.
1. La madre quiere que…
4. La madre le sugiere que…
2. La madre le pide que…
5. La madre insiste en que…
3. La madre le pide que…
6. La madre le dice al perro que…
The subjunctive and expressions of emotion
 The subjunctive is used when a speaker expresses
emotional reactions and feelings about the actions of
another subject (person or thing).
 Me alegro de que mi amigo me visite.
 Esperamos que (él) pueda quedarse unos días
Subject 1
expression of emotion
indicative
Subject 2
+
Que +
action or condition of another
subject
* Subjunctive*
The subjunctive and expressions of emotion
alegrarse (de) to be glad (about)
esperar
to hope, expect
sentir (ie, i)
to be sorry, regret
temer
to fear, be afraid
¡Ojalá que…! I hope…
Me alegro de que estén
comprometidos.
Espero que se casen este
verano.
Siento que vivan tan lejos.
Tememos que no puedan
visitarnos.
¡Ojalá que me inviten a la
boda!