Statement of Inquiry:
DATE
HERE
AGENDA
10 min
DO NOW: EPA practice
{Insert entrance instructions
here}
For example:
1. Enter the classroom silently
and find your seat.
2. Write down homework in
your planner.
3. Do Now
4. Wait silently for instructions
Objective(s):
• (Obj 1) Analyze the structures
and function of different types
of biomolecules.
Objective of the day
• (Obj 1) Compare the structures and
function of different types of
biomolecules.
10 min
Venus Fly Trap
How can this plant
digest a fly?
Venus Fly Trap
Like other carnivores, the
Venus flytrap eats animals to
get nutrients that it needs to
make molecules such as
proteins and nucleic acids.
Other chemical compounds
made by the plant’s cells
enable the Venus flytrap to
digest the animals that it eats.
These chemicals are similar to
the chemicals that allow you to
digest the food that you eat.
Statement of Inquiry/IB Trait
STATEMENT OF INQUIRY:
The relationship between the structure and function
of our parts is one way that we define what it
means to be human.
IB TRAIT: THINKERS, COMMUNICATORS and
INQUIRERS
Uses of Organic Molecules
•Americans consume
an average of 140
pounds of sugar per
person per year
Cellulose, found in
plant cell walls, is
the most abundant
organic compound on
Earth
7
Uses of Organic Molecules
• A typical cell in
your body has
about 2 meters of
DNA
A typical cow
produces over
200 pounds of
methane gas
each year
HOW??!!
8
Water
•About 60-90 percent of
an organism is water
Water is used in
most reactions in
the body
Water is called
the universal
solvent
9
Elements
• Pure substances
• Have only ONE type of atom
• Composed of:
– Protons (+)
– Electrons (-)
– Neutrons (0)
• Examples:
What 4 elements are most
present in organisms?
Composition of Elements
• Protons and
neutrons in the
nucleus
• Electrons in shells
outside the nucleus
• 1st shell needs 2
electrons to be full
• Outer shells need 8
electrons to be full
Bohr Model
Atomic Number
• Atomic # = # protons
• Also = # electrons
• Ex. Lithium has 3
protons and 3
electrons
Molecule or Compound?
• A molecule is formed when two or more
atoms join together chemically.
• A compound is a molecule that contains
at least two different elements.
• All compounds are molecules but not all
molecules are compounds.
Molecule
or
Compound
?
Pictures of Compounds
Water
H2O
Glucose
C6H12O6
Macromolecules
• Macromolecule means LARGE molecule
• Carbohydrates – sugars and starches C, H,
O
• Lipids – fats and oils C, H, O
• Proteins – muscle and enzymes C, H, O, N
• Nucleic acids – DNA and RNA C, H, O, N, P
Why do you eat food?
For raw materials to build and energy!
Carbohydrates
• Made up of C,H,O
• Biological Function: source of
energy
• Examples: sugar, rice, bread,
potatoes
• Monomer: monosaccharide
Lipids
• Made of C,H,O
• Biological Function: Store energy
• Biological examples: wax, oil,
butter.
• Monomer: 1 glycerol
and 3 fatty acids
Lipids are insoluble in water!
Repeat!!!
Q1
Lipids & Cell Membranes
• Cell membranes are made of
lipids called phospholipids
• Phospholipids have a head
that is polar & attract water
(hydrophilic)
• Phospholipids also have 2
tails that are nonpolar and do
not attract water
(hydrophobic)
20
Proteins
• Made of C,H,O,N
• Biological function: Building and repairing
cells, metabolism: speeds up or slows
down chemical reactions
• Biological example: meat/muscle, hair,
nails, enzymes
• Monomer: amino acid
Proteins
• Proteins are polymers made of monomers
called amino acids
All proteins are made of 20 different
amino acids linked in different orders
Proteins are used to build cells, act
as hormones & enzymes, and do much
of the work in a cell
22
Enzymes
• Proteins that speed up chemical
reactions in the cell (catalysts).
• Catabolism - breaking molecules
• Anabolism – making molecules
Nucleic Acids
• Made of C,H,O,N,P
• Biological Function: Information called
genes, determines physical
appearance
• Biological Example: DNA, RNA, ATP
• Monomer: nucleotides
Nucleic Acids
•Store hereditary information
Contain information for making all
the body’s proteins
Two types exist --- DNA &
RNA
25
Nucleic Acids
Nitrogenous base
(A,G,C, or T)
Nucleic
acids are
polymers of
nucleotides
Phosphate
group
Thymine (T)
Sugar
(deoxyribose)
Phosphate
Base
Sugar
Nucleotide
26
Nucleic Acids
27
Bases
•Each DNA
nucleotide has one
of the following
bases:
–Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
–Guanine (G)
–Thymine (T)
–Cytosine (C)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
28
So how do
molecules
(chemistry)
become
life (biology)?
Who can tell me what you’re
made of?
• Carbohydrates – sugars CHO
• Lipids – fats CHO
• Proteins – muscle, hair, and
enzymes CHON
• Nucleic Acids – DNA, RNA, ATP
CHONP
ATP – Cellular Energy
• ATP is used by cells for energy
• Adenosine triphosphate
• Made of a nucleotide with 3
phosphate groups
31
ATP – Cellular Energy
• Energy is stored in the chemical bonds of
ATP
• The last 2 phosphate bonds are HIGH
ENERGY
• Breaking the last phosphate bond releases
energy for cellular work and produces ADP
and a free phosphate
• ADP (adenosine Diphosphate) can be
rejoined to the free phosphate to make
more ATP
32
15
min
Guided Practice
Biomolecule Shuffle
3 min
More Guided Practice
Glucose, Carbohydrate, cellulose, Plant cell
fibers
Amino acid, protein, Hemoglobin, Transports
oxygen in blood
Nucleotide, Nucleic acid, DNA, Codes genetic
information.