Chapter 4 Notes
Life in the English
Colonies
Essential Question
• What were some of the early steps
toward self-government in the colonies?
ANSWER:
Essential Question
• Why were Americans divided over the
question of independence from England?
Essential Question:
• What historical, geographic, social, and
economic factors created ties and
tensions between England and the
colonies?
Essential Question:
• In what ways did the British colonies find
success?
Essential Question:
• What are the similarities and differences
in mercantilism and capitalism?
ANSWER:
• In the late 1600s most countries in Western
Europe practiced mercantilism, a program of
creating wealth by carefully controlling trade.
England profited when it had a favorable
balance of trade, or when it sold more products
to other countries than it bought from then
England therefore wanted to decrease its
imports, and increase its exports. As a result,
the English concentrated more on importing
and exporting to its colonies than to foreign
countries.
ANSWER:
•
Capitalism is an economic system in
which private businesses own and
operate most industries; and competition
determines the cost of goods as well as
workers’ pay.
Privy Council
• …was a group
of royal advisers
in the English
colonies who set
royal policy.
Parliament
• …was
England’s
national
lawmaking
body.
Bicameral Legislature
• …is a
lawmaking
body made
up of two
houses.
John Peter Zenger
• …criticized
the royal
governor of
New York in
his newspaper
and officials
accused him of
libel.
Libel
• … is printing a
false statement
about a person
that damaged
his or her
reputation.
Dominion of New England
• …united the
New England
colonies
under one
government
for James II.
Edmund Andros
Glorious Revolution
• …occurred when
James II was
forced to flee
England and
Mary and William
of Orange took
the country’s
throne without
bloodshed.
Pop Quiz
•
•
•
•
What is Parliament?
What does libel mean?
Who was Edmund Andros?
What is a bicameral legislature?
Pop Quiz
• What was the Glorious Revolution?
• What was the Dominion of New
England?
• What was the Privy Council?
• Who was John Peter Zenger?
Mini Question
• In what ways did colonists exercise control in their
local governments and courts?
• Each colony had a governor,
• Representatives in an assembly, and
• Colonial courts.
• Why did James II establish the Dominion of New
England, and how did the colonist react to this
new government?
• He wanted greater control over the colonies.
• It upset the colonists.
• How did the Glorious Revolution influence the
colonies?
• Colonists removed the royal governor of the
Dominion and re-established their own
assemblies.
Mercantilism
• …was a program
of creating wealth
by carefully
controlling trade
by most countries
in western Europe
between
themselves and
their colonies.
Balance of trade
• …is the stable
relationship
between a
country’s
imports and
exports.
Imports
• …are items
purchased
from other
countries.
Exports
• …are
items sold
to other
countries.
Navigation Acts
• …were laws
passed by
Parliament
which required
the colonies to
trade mostly
with England.
Duties
• … are
taxes on
imports.
Triangular Trade
• …was the
trade between
the North
American
colonies,
Africa, and
Britain.
Middle Passage
• … was a terrible
journey on the
slave trade that
brought around
13 million
Africans across
the Atlantic to
be sold in North
America.
Olaudah Equiano
Pop Quiz
•
•
•
•
•
Who was Olaudah Equiano?
What is a balance of trade?
What are exports?
What was the Middle Passage?
What is Mercantilism?
Pop Quiz
•
•
•
•
What are imports?
What were the Navigation Acts?
What was the triangular trade?
What are duties?
Mini Question
• What were the Navigation acts, and how did they
affect the colonies?
• Laws that required the colonies to trade with
England.
• It inspired trading goods illegally.
Mini Question
• What were some of the colonial trade networks?
• It was the trade between the British West Indies,
the North American colonies, and Britain.
Mini Question
• What was life like for enslaved Africans during
the Middle Passage?
• It lasted 3 months.
• They were chained and packed tightly into ships.
• Thousands died.
Cash crops
• …, such as rice
and indigo, were
grown on large
plantations and
small farms to
sell fro profit.
Eliza Lucas Pinckney
• …ran a
plantation in
South
Carolina and
turned indigo
into a cash
crop.
Slave codes
• …were laws
to control
the slaves.
Apprentices
• …were young
boys who were
sent to learn
trades, such as
blacksmiths
and printers,
from master
craftspeople.
Staple crops
• … are crops
that are in
demand
year-round,
such as
wheat.
Pop Quiz
•
•
•
•
•
What are staple crops?
Who was Eliza Lucas Pinckney?
What are cash crops?
What were the slave codes?
Who are apprentices?
Mini Question
• How did climate and geography affect each
colonial region’s economy?
• Southern - depended on agriculture and raw
materials
• New England – cold climate and rocky soil made
farming difficult, became shipbuilders and
craftspeople
• Middle – Agriculture and trade were important
Mini Question
• What was the labor source in each region, and
why did it develop differently from those in the
other regions?
• Southern – slaves
• New England – skilled craftspeople and
apprentices (few slaves)
• Middle – slaves and indentured servants
Mini Question
• What roles did women play in the colonial
economy?
• Woman sometimes ran farms, businesses, and they
worked in the home.
Revivals
• In the late 1730s and
1740s, ministers
began to revive
people’s interest in
religion by delivering
emotional sermons at
__________, which
were large, public
church gatherings.
Great Awakening
• The __________
was an
unorganized
movement of
Christina
sermons and
church
meetings.
Jonathan Edwards
George Whitefield
• __________ was a
British minister
who came to
America and
began a series of
revivals in
Georgia and
Virginia.
Charles Chauncy
Gilbert Tennent
Pop Quiz
•
•
•
•
•
Who was Jonathon Edwards?
What was the Great Awakening?
What were revivals?
Who was George Whitfield?
Who was Charles Chauncy?
Mini Question
• What was the message of the Great Awakening?
Mini Question
• How did the colonists respond to the Great
Awakening?
Mini Question
• How did the Great Awakening affect society and
politics?
Galileo Galilei
Scientific Revolution
• During the 1600s
scientists in western
Europe began using logic
and reason to make new
discoveries about the
laws that governed
nature. This change in
the way people looked at
the world became known
as the __________.
Sir Isaac Newton
Scientific Method
• Scientists developed
the __________ to
make discoveries.
Enlightenment
• Many people began using logic and
reason to study human nature as well.
This change in thought is referred to as
the __________. Thinkers of the
__________ developed ideas about how
government should work.
David Rittenhouse
• __________ designed
mathematical and
astronomical tools
and studied the solar
system.
Benjamin Banneker
• __________ made
careful astronomical
calculations and
published them in an
almanac.
Benjamin Franklin
• __________was
one of the most
important
colonial
thinkers,
scientists, and
inventors.
Anne Bradstreet
• Preachers such as
John Cotton
developed a new,
dramatic style of
sermon,m while
poets such as
__________ wrote
about family and
religious faith.
Phillis Wheatley
Pop Quiz
•
•
•
•
•
Who was David Rittenhouse?
What was the Scientific Revolution?
What was the scientific method?
Who was Phillis Wheatley?
Who was Galileo Galilei?
Pop Quiz
•
•
•
•
•
What was the Enlightenment?
Who was Anne Bradstreet?
Who was Benjamin Banneker?
Who was Benjamin Franklin?
Who was Sir Isaac Newton?
Mini Question
• How did the ideas form the Scientific Revolution
influence the Enlightenment?
• Many people began using logic and reason to
study human nature about how government should
work.
Mini Question
• What was education like in the colonies?
• New England – established schools to teach
students to read the Bible
• Middle and Southern colonies established few
schools.
Mini Question
• What contributions did colonial scientists, writers,
and artists make to American culture?
• Rittenhouse studied the solar system
• Banneker predicted an eclipse
• Benjamin Franklin was the most important
colonial thinker
• Anne Bradstreet wrote about family and religion
• Painters moved to the colonies
Reference Page 1 for Pictures
Reference Page 2 for Pictures
Reference Page 3 for Pictures
Reference Page 4 for Pictures
Reference Page 5 for Pictures