AP Biology Discussion Notes
Monday 12/15/2014
Goals for the Day
1. Be able to say how the Calvin cycle
functions and how plants differ in use
of this process.
2. Be able to describe how cellular
respiration and photosynthesis are
related.
Question of the Day 12/15
Why do organisms do cellular
respiration?
Concept 10.3:
The Calvin cycle uses the
chemical energy of ATP and
NADPH to reduce CO2 to sugar
Concept 10.3: The Calvin cycle
uses the chemical energy of ATP
and NADPH to reduce CO2 to
sugar
• The Calvin cycle, like the citric acid cycle
(Kreb’s cycle), regenerates its starting material
after molecules enter and leave the cycle
• The cycle builds sugar from smaller molecules
by using ATP and the reducing power of
electrons carried by NADPH
• Carbon enters the cycle as CO2 and leaves as
a sugar named glyceraldehyde 3-phospate
(G3P)
• For net synthesis of 1 G3P, the cycle must take
place three times, fixing 3 molecules of CO2
• The Calvin cycle has three phases
– Carbon fixation (catalyzed by rubisco)
– Reduction
– Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor (RuBP)
Why do high temperatures
matter?
• As we are getting sick this season, why
the worry about extreme fevers?
1. Carbon Fixation
Figure 10.19-1
Input
(Entering one
CO2 at a time)
3
Phase 1: Carbon fixation
Rubisco
3 P
Short-lived
intermediate
P
3P
Ribulose bisphosphate
(RuBP)
P
6
P
3-Phosphoglycerate
Figure 10.19-2
Input
(Entering one
CO2 at a time)
3
2. Reduction
Phase 1: Carbon fixation
Rubisco
3 P
Short-lived
intermediate
P
6
P
3-Phosphoglycerate
P
3P
Ribulose bisphosphate
(RuBP)
6
ATP
6 ADP
Calvin
Cycle
6 P
P
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
6 NADPH
6 NADP
6 Pi
6
P
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
(G3P)
1
P
G3P
(a sugar)
Output
Glucose and
other organic
compounds
Phase 2:
Reduction
Figure 10.19-3
Input
(Entering one
CO2 at a time)
3
3. Regeneration
Phase 1: Carbon fixation
Rubisco
3 P
Short-lived
intermediate
P
6
P
3-Phosphoglycerate
P
3P
Ribulose bisphosphate
(RuBP)
6
ATP
6 ADP
3 ADP
3
Calvin
Cycle
6 P
P
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
ATP
6 NADPH
Phase 3:
Regeneration of
the CO2 acceptor
(RuBP)
6 NADP
6 Pi
P
5
G3P
6
P
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
(G3P)
1
P
G3P
(a sugar)
Output
Glucose and
other organic
compounds
Phase 2:
Reduction
Calvin Cycle
Draw Me!
Photosynthesis
• Know major stages, their inputs outputs,
and functions.
Cell Respiration Quizzes
• What does an increase in Carbon Dioxide
tell us?
• What does a high rate compared to
another trial tell us?
• THINK ABOUT ENERGY USE!!!!!!!!
Cell Respiration Quizzes
• How are photosynthesis and cellular
respiration related?
• Could you tell anything about
photosynthesis by looking at Carbon
Dioxide levels???
• What would happen to Carbon Dioxide
levels if photosynthesis was the ONLY
Process happening.
CALCULATING RATE
• Calculating a change!
– (Change in this compared to change in that)
Cell Respiration Quizzes
• INSECTS vs. Mammals, what do we know
about them?
• How do they differ in the cold?
• What does that require?
Cell Respiration Quizzes
• Germinating vs. Cold peas
• NEED TO CONSIDER ENERGY USE!
• Consider what we can compare and what
we cannot.
Cell Respiration Quiz GRADES
• THERE IS NO FINAL GRADE on these
quizzes
• Instead of corrections after, we are
correcting them before since we will not be
able to retake these.
• Consider your answers carefully and
rewrite in a DIFFERENT COLOR. You
may leave anything you want, you do not
have to change anything.
Work Order Today
1. Change/correct anything you want to on
the cell respiration quizzes.
2. Finish Mitosis/Meiosis quiz corrections if
you have not
3. Finish photosynthesis note guide if you
have not.
4. Work on practice short response AP
Essay questions.
5. Grade your own short response essays
Grades
• Some still to go in the gradebook…
–Cell respiration quiz
–Photosynthesis notes
–Human Aneuploidy Article
–Retakes
–TEST
–Test Corrections