Unit One: Beginning
Chemistry
1.
Atoms, Elements, Compounds
Names & Symbols
2.
Atomic structure, volume of atom
3.
Periodic Table Introduction:
calculating atomic mass, atomic #,
p+, e-, n0, carbon-12
4.
Isotopes : nuclear symbol, hyphen
symbol
5.
Ion introduction- symbols
Worksheets: (1.1) (1.2) (1.3)
Chemistry Tables
Structure of the Atom
Atom: smallest unit of an element
Element: pure substance made of only 1 kind of
atom. - pure gold, pure sulfur, pure copper….
all listed on periodic chart.
Compound: 2 or more atoms of an element chemically
combined.- CO2,
NaCl,
H20
Symbols for each element: periodic chart
First letter always CAPITAL
3 main parts to an ATOM:
Symbol
Charge
Size
Mass
Location
Neutron
n0
O
1
1
nucleus
Proton
p+
positive
1
1
nucleus
Electron
enegative
0
0
electron cloud
Protons and neutrons can be broken down
into smaller parts called quarks.
3 quarks from protons, 3 quarks from neutrons
Do you think it is possible to walk through walls?
If the atomic
nucleus were
the size of this
magnet,
the first energy
level containing
electrons would
be on
the second tier
stadium seats.
Photo via permission Dreamstime
Unit One: Beginning Chemistry
1.
Atoms, Elements, Compounds
Names & Symbols
2.
Atomic structure, volume of atom
Unit One: Beginning Chemistry
3.
Periodic Table Introduction:
calculating atomic mass, atomic #,
p+, e-, n0, carbon-12
Worksheets: (1.1)
Periodic Table
Look on periodic chart
17
Cl
Atomic # is # of protons……identifies element
….if element is neutral then #p+ = #eChlorine has 17 protons
or
17 electrons
35.45
Atomic Mass #
is
# of protons + # neutrons
Chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons on the average (Subtract the two numbers)
Ws 1.1
What is element 29 with
#e-,#p+,no, & atomic mass
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ag,
Cu,
Cu,
Ni,
Cu,
29,29,60, 107.87amu
29,29,34.55, 63.55amu
29, 29,35, 63.55amu
29, 29, 34, 58.69amu
29,29,60, 107.87amu
Calculate atomic mass of
magnesium
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
12
54.94
24.00
24.31
40.08
What is the atomic number for
Phosphorus?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
19
39.10
15
30.97
16
32.07
Calculate #of neutrons of Arsenic
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
33
74.92
74
75
42
41.92
40.92
Atomic mass # of all periodic chart
is based on carbon-12.
Why?
All life forms are carbon based = organic
So
Silicon atomic mass is 28/12 of carbon
Germanium is 73/12 heavier than carbon
Tin is 118.7 / 12 heavier than carbon
Lead is 207 / 12 heavier than carbon
What is the weight ratio of
vanadium to gold?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1:2
2:3
1:1
1:4
4:2
4:3
Unit One: Beginning Chemistry
3. Periodic Table Introduction:
calculating atomic mass, atomic #,
p+, e-, n0, carbon-12
Worksheets: (1.1)
Unit One: Beginning Chemistry
4. Isotopes : nuclear symbol,
hyphen symbol
Worksheets: (1.2) (1.3)
Isotopes or Nuclides
Atoms same # p+ which identify the element … but
atoms may have different # of n0.
Hydrogen
H=
H=
H=
1p+
1p+
1p+
1e1e1e-
Isotopes only concerned with neutrons:
“protons do not change”
Isotopes are used in
cancer detection
0no
1no
2no
2 ways to write an Isotope
Nuclear Symbol
Ws. 1.2
Ws 1.3
Hyphen
50
8
8
5
1
142
How many p+, e-, no are in the
isotope Chlorine-37
1.
2.
3.
4.
37- 37- 35.45
17- 52.45 - 17
17- 17- 35.45
17- 17- 20
How many protons, electrons,
neutrons in Calcium- 45
1.
2.
3.
4.
45,45,22
20, 20 45
40.08, 20,20
20,20,25
Isotopes of each element differ in
1.
2.
3.
4.
The number of neutrons
in the nucleus
Atomic number
The number of electrons
in the highest energy
level
The total number of
electrons
Unit One: Beginning Chemistry
4.
Isotopes : nuclear symbol, hyphen symbol
Unit One: Beginning Chemistry
5.
Ion introduction- symbols
Ion: an atom or group of bonded atoms
that have a positive or negative charge
• How do you get a positive or negative charge?
By gaining or losing an electron.
• Ionization: any process resulting in
the formation of an ion.
Lost an electron
Become positive
+
called cation
K+1
Mg+2
B+3
Gained an electron
become negative
called Anion
F-1
O-2
N-3
All metals become cations
OIL
RIG
Calculate the number of electrons
for the cation Si+4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
14
18
4
10
The anion for phosphorus-3
contains
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ten electrons
Eleven electrons
Twelve electrons
Thirteen electrons
Fourteen electrons
Fifteen electrons
Calculate number of electrons for
the anion Br -1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
34
35
36
79
80
81
introduce ions as electrolytes
Pure water does not conduct a current.
Water containing dissolved salt
conducts a current.
Pure water does not conduct a current.
Water containing dissolved salt
conducts a current.
Change # of protons… change element
Change # of neutrons… it is an isotope
Change # of electrons … it is an ion
Unit One: Beginning Chemistry
1.
Atoms, Elements, Compounds
Names & Symbols
2.
Atomic structure, volume of atom
3.
Periodic Table Introduction:
calculating atomic mass, atomic #,
p+, e-, n0, carbon-12
4.
Isotopes : nuclear symbol, hyphen symbol
5.
Ion introduction- symbols
Worksheets: (1.1) (1.2) (1.3)