Warm-up




Date
2/25 &
2/26
Update your Table of Contents
Write your homework – have it stamped
Get your “Fungi Assignment” out to be
checked!
Get something to grade your test with!
Session
#
2
Activity
Pathogen Notes
Page
#
4
Classwork/Homework
Research any disease and find out the
following:
1) What type of pathogen causes it
2) What the symptoms are
3) How can it be treated
4) Any other interesting info about it
5) Picture
Compile all of this information onto a “poster”
(printer size paper) that can be displayed
for a “Pathogen Poster Walk” so others can
learn about your disease as well!
Pathogens Cause Disease
 We
will focus on 4 Types
of Pathogens:
 Fungi
 Bacteria
 Viruses
 Parasites
Fungi Fact Review
 Open
to your Fungi Notes
 What would you ask
about on a Fungi quiz?
Fungi Pop Quiz
 You
can keep your notes out
– YOU MAY USE ONLY YOUR
NOTES!
 When you are done, flip it
over so we can correct
them…you will have 10
minutes!
ERT = Everybody Reads To…
Turn to page NC-22 in the
back of the book.
2) We will read one paragraph
at a time, discuss the
answers to the questions,
& then take notes in the
box for that topic.
1)
ERT
PARAGRAPH 1 - PATHOGENS
Pathogens
Pathogen - Anything that can
cause disease or harm
 Also
referred to as
microbes or germs
 Virus, Bacteria &
Parasites are the 3
main types of disease
spreading pathogens
Types of Diseases


Non-communicable:
- Not infectious or contagious
– Cannot be passed from person to person
Can be due to genetics, behavior, or
environmental factors
– EXAMPLES: Cancer, Alzheimer’s, Arthritis,
Heart Disease, Diabetes
Communicable:
- Infectious or Contagious
– Caused by a Microbe entering body and
reproducing – Bacteria, Virus, Parasite
– Easily spread between individual organisms
– EXAMPLES: Cold, Influenza, (Flu) Strep Throat
–
•
ERT
PARAGRAPH 2 - VIRUSES
Virus


Composed of DNA or RNA enclosed
in a protein shell
NOT LIVING – Needs a host to
reproduce

Very small

Vaccines used to treat
How a Virus Attacks a Cell…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
Rpj0emEGShQ
ERT
PARAGRAPH 3 - BACTERIA
Bacteria

Living organisms

Unicellular, prokaryotic


Larger than viruses, but
usually more treatable
Antibiotics used to treat
Fun Fact: Clean skin has about 20
million bacteria per square inch…
Bacteria & Cell Phones

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
4lmwbBzClAc
ERT
PARAGRAPH 4 - PARASITES
Parasites

Living organisms that need a host
to survive – highly adapted to
their host

Unicellular or multicellular

Come in many shapes and sizes
Maggots in My Head
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2
Ac6RYSvo8

Tapeworm in My Eye
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVb
rXbmPHpo

http://www.animalplanet.com/tv-shows/monsters-insideme/videos/parasites-nest-in-brain.htm
Classwork/Homework
Research any disease and find out the
following:
1) What type of pathogen causes it
2) What the symptoms are
3) How can it be treated
4) Any other interesting info about it
5) Picture
Compile all of this information onto a “poster”
(printer size paper) that can be displayed
for a “Pathogen Poster Walk” so others can
learn about your disease as well!
Warm-up



Update your Table of Contents
Write your homework – have it stamped
Tape your disease research homework to
a wall around the room – MAKE SURE
YOUR FIRST & LAST NAME IS VISIBLE
ON THE FRONT OF IT!
Date
Session
#
2/27 &
2/28
3
Activity
Page
#
Comparing & Contrasting Pathogens
Pathogen Poster Walk
5
Finding Patient Zero
6
Spread of Disease Note Guide
7
What Was A Pathogen
Again…?

Pathogens are anything that
cause disease…they are also
referred to as microbes and
germs
What Were the 4 Pathogens We
Are Focusing On Again…?
Fungi
Bacteria
Viruses
Parasites
Warm Up:
Comparing & Contrasting Pathogens
Turn to page 5 and answer the
following questions:
 How
are viruses and bacteria
similar/different?
 How are parasites and viruses
similar/different?
 How are fungal diseases
similar/different to any of the other
pathogens?
 Which type of pathogen would you
consider most serious and why?
Pathogen Poster Walk
 Which
disease did you
research?
 Walk
around and view the various
diseases people have researched.
 Copy down information for 1 that
is different from your own
including the name of the disease,
the pathogen that causes it,
symptoms & treatment!
Spreading
Disease…
How does it
happen…LET’S
INVESTIGATE!?
Finding Patient Zero



Each person will receive a test tube
and a syringe
You will carefully go around the
room and trade fluids with 3 other
people using the syringe
When completed, sit down and
write down who you traded with
first, second and third
Finding Patient Zero
 Blue
= Negative
 Orange = Positive
 Green = Carrier
Who Figures All of This Out?

An Epidemiologist
is a scientist who
studies diseases
including how they
start, spread and
how they are
treated.
(First thing on the note guide)
Contagions


Many pathogens are also said to be
contagions…
Contagions – capable of being
spread by direct or indirect
contact (in other words…contagious)
How Do Pathogens Cause
Harm?

They can change what your cells do

Viruses are specifically good at this, but
carcinogens can do this as well
Mutagen –
something that
actually changes or
“mutates” the
genetic material of
an organism
How do pathogens spread?

4 main ways that pathogens
are transferred:
 Person to person
 Food and water
 Environment
 Animals
People to People…

Carrier – a person who is
infected and can infect
others but may not show the
symptoms of the disease
themselves
Types of Carriers
1.
Symptomatic:
- show symptoms of the disease; they are SICK
- actively spreading disease particles to others
while they are sick
– May be coughing, sneezing, have runny nose
– EX: Influenza, Chicken Pox, Common Cold
2. Asymptomatic:
– Does NOT appear sick
– Can still actively spread disease
– EX: HIV, Herpes
Typhoid Mary

http://www.sciencechannel.com/tvshows/dark-matters-twisted-buttrue/videos/true-story-behindtyphoid-mary.htm
Food and Water

Contaminated food and water can
spread pathogens, below are a few
examples:
=
- Infected animals
- Food or water that comes from
unsanitary areas or isn’t cleaned
- Eating raw or undercooked food
Environments

Moist


Average temperatures


More ability to reproduce
Sunlight


Not too hot or too cold
Limited exposure to fresh air


A lot like water
Good for some, bad for others
Food sources

Sugars or decaying material
Animals

•
Vector – Insects and animals
that spread disease to humans
EXAMPLES:
–
–
–
Fleas – transmit the plague (bacterial)
Ticks – transmit Lyme disease
(bacterial)
Mosquitoes – transmit Malaria
(parasitic), West Nile Virus, Yellow
Fever (both viral)
Treatment/Medicine


Antibiotics – Medicine that
prevents the growth and
reproduction of bacteria
Vaccines – A weak dose of a
virus that helps your immune
system kill the real virus later
Preventing the Spread…







Eat right, get enough rest, avoid stress
Antibacterial soaps and antimicrobial
solutions (don’t overuse)
Antibiotics (don’t overuse)
Get vaccinated
Covering our mouths when we cough or
sneeze
Avoid unnecessary contact with people,
animals or objects that could be
contaminated!
Keep studying diseases and how they adapt
and change!
Mythbusters: Flu Fiction

How Easily Can Pathogens
Really Spread?
Warm-up


Date
3/3 &
3/4
Update your Table of Contents
Write your homework – have it
stamped
Session
#
4
Activity
Page
#
Basic Bacteriology – Calculating the Growth
Rate of Bacteria
8
Mapping Death – The Cholera Story
9
Quick Recap







Antibiotics treat what type of pathogen?
How do antibiotics work against bacteria?
What are vaccines used for?
How do vaccines prevent viruses?
Why do we not want to overuse antibiotics,
antibacterial cleaners?
Describe the job of an epidemiologist.
Why are diseases that are no longer an
issue in the United States still a problem in
other parts of the world?
Quick Recap





People that are infected with a disease are
called something different than animals
infected with a disease…
What is the difference between a contagion
and mutagen?
How do those (contagion & mutagen) relate
to communicable vs. non-communicable
diseases
Does everyone that is sick show symptoms?
Why is it important to know where the
people you associate with have been and
who they have been in contact with?
The Rate of Spread…


How quickly a disease spreads,
and size of the area it spreads
to are key factors in the study of
epidemiology…
We are going to calculate just
how quickly bacteria can
replicate…
Basic Bacteriology


For each scenario, calculate the
rate of growth of bacteria.
You can work with your table
partner…and you will probably
need a calculator.
Bacteria Reproduction Video Clip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEwzD
ydciWc
Example Problem
E. coli bacteria divide every 20 minutes. If
you have 30 bacteria cells at the beginning
of your experiment, how many E. coli cells
do you have after 2 hours?
Formula:
2number of generations x initial number of bacteria
= total number of bacteria present
The Rate of Spread…

Outbreak - The Cholera Story
John Snow
Cholera Background

Cholera is a disease that is spread by
bacteria. The onset of cholera can appear
with little or no warning, and include
symptoms such as diarrhea, acute spasmodic
vomiting and painful cramping. The victim
can lose up to 5 gallons of liquid within 24
hours consequently causing severe
dehydration accompanied by cyanosis, a
condition in which the skin turns blue, skin
also begins to pucker and become
cold…death may occur in as little as a few
hours.
The Cholera Story

Imagine yourself in London, the year is
1854…what would your life be like?
Suddenly, people in your neighborhood
begin to get sick and die very quickly.
You hear your parents whispering that
this isn’t the first time they have seen
this type of sickness…it happened
before in 1832 and nobody really knew
what to do. This time however, a
doctor, John Snow, comes with a new
idea…
The Cholera Story

He thought that if he checked the
city’s death records and mapped
out exactly where people were
living when they died, he might find
some clues as to what was causing
the disease and therefore how to
stop it from spreading any further.
The Cholera Story –
Mapping Death


With this idea came the birth of
early epidemiology…you are now
going to take on the role of John
Snow and map death to find out
how you can stop the spread!!
When you are done, we will find out
the cause of the outbreak and how
it affected the future.
Ted Talks – The Ghost Map

http://www.ted.com/talks/steven_j
ohnson_tours_the_ghost_map.html
Warning…Outbreak!


Create a warning poster, warning sign, comic,
commercial jingle or brochure or any other format you
can think of warning your neighborhood about a
possible disease outbreak!
Things to include:
 Name: disease (real or fictional)
 Mugshot: picture
 Description of suspect: virus, bacteria, parasite?
 Crimes: how does it attack? how does it spread?
symptoms? common victims?
 How can you prevent being infected?
 Reward???
Must be informational, but can also be silly!!
DUE IN 2 CLASSES FROM TODAY!
QUALITY WORK!!
Examples
Warm-Up




Write you homework – get it stamped
Update your Table of Contents
Draw a T-chart on page 10 – title it Epidemic
vs. Pandemic. Tape the QR code at the top of
the page and scan it to begin filling in your Tchart.
Or Google “Wisegeek Epidemic Pandemic”
Date
Session
#
3/5 &
3/6
5
Activity
Page
#
Epidemic vs. Pandemic T-Chart
10
Map Analysis Caption Boxes
11
Epidemic
vs. Pandemic
Back to Cholera…


Was the cholera outbreak in
London an epidemic or
pandemic…why?
Outbreaks were a serious risk in
the past, but what about now?
Map Analysis


With your table
partner, analyze the
maps and the
information on the
back of the maps.
Come up with the
“Caption Box” for
each map. In other
words, what should
the empty box next
to each map say to
explain the patterns
seen on the map?
Risk of Spread of Influenza
Caption Box


Countries are categorized as
extreme risk because of their high
population density, urbanization
and busy airports.
These countries would require a
tailored policy response on the
part of the government and
businesses to combat the risk of
spread.
Risk of Capacity to Contain Influenza
Caption Box


Countries with the highest capacity to
contain a Pandemic have large
stockpiles of drugs and a sophisticated
health infrastructure, which means they
have very effective measures to fight
human influenza.
The capacity of a country to contain the
spread of human influenza depends on
factors of wealth, health, infrastructure,
education, resources, information and
communication networks, and
government intervention.
Risk of Emergence of Influenza
Caption Box


Countries most prone to risk of
emergence of a strain of influenza in
humans are poorer countries that
have dense rural populations, with
living quarters in close proximity to
livestock.
This is compounded by poor hygiene,
lack of access to clean water and
sanitation and poor public health
education or lack of access to
healthcare. Little government
intervention/policies to prevent this
from occurring.

“The single biggest threat to man’s
continued dominance on the planet
is the virus” – Joshua Lederberg, Ph.D
How a Virus Changes the World…
http://www.takepart.com/sites/default/fil
es/contagion/index.html#&slider1=1
Influenza 1918 WebQuest



Use the scan codes to work your way
through the Influenza Pandemic of 1918!
Put your “Influenza of 1918” in the
basket when you are done!
You may work on your
Warning…Outbreak! Assignment when
you are done.
Homework



If you didn’t finish your
Influenza WebQuest, it now
becomes extra homework that
is due next class!
Warning…Outbreak!
Assignment is due next class!
BYOT next class
Warm-Up




Update your Table of Contents/Notebook
Write your homework
Put your Warning…Outbreak! Assignment
into the basket (or it should have already
been submitted electronically)
Make a list of things that have contributed
to our understanding of epidemics &
pandemics that allow us to control them..
Date
Session
#
3/7 &
3/10
6
Activity
Page
#
Controlling Epidemics & Pandemics
12
Project Outbreak Instructions
12
Controlling Epidemics and
Pandemics…
Evolution of Epidemics &
Pandemics

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
UG8YbNbdaco
Project Outbreak

A disease is considered an outbreak when
it occurs in greater numbers than
expected in a community or region, or
during a season. An outbreak may occur
in one community or even extend to
several countries. It can last from days to
years. Sometimes a single case of a
contagious disease is considered an
outbreak if it is an unknown disease, is
new to a community, or has been absent
from a population for a long time. An
outbreak can be categorized as an
epidemic or pandemic.
Project Outbreak Resources



http://www.takepart.com/sites/default/
files/contagion/index.html#&slider1=1
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/en/
http://www.healthline.com/healthslideshow/10-worst-diseaseoutbreaks#1
HOMEWORK


Project Outbreak – due
Monday, March 17th – B-day
Tuesday, March 18th – A-day
Pathogens Unit Test in 2
class periods as well…start
studying!!
Thursday March 13th – B-day
Friday March 14th – A-day