Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Objectives
 Describe four types of tissues that make up the human
body.
 Explain how tissues, organs, and organ systems are
organized.
 Summarize the functions of the primary organ systems in
the human body.
 Identify the five human body cavities and the organs that
each contains.
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Tissues
 All tissues are a collection of cells that have a similar
structure and that work together to perform a
particular function.
 Muscle Tissue
 Muscle tissue is
composed of cells
that can contract in a
coordinated fashion.
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Tissues, continued
 Muscle Tissue, continued
 The human body has three types of muscle tissue: skeletal,
smooth, and cardiac.
 Skeletal muscle moves the bones in your trunk, limbs,
and face.
 Smooth muscle handles body functions that you cannot
control consciously.
 Cardiac muscle, found in your heart, pumps blood
through your body.
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Tissues, continued
 Nervous Tissue
 Nervous tissue
contains cells,
or neurons, that
receive and
transmit messages
in the form of
electrical impulses.
 Neurons are nerve cells that are specialized to receive
and send electrical impulses.
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Tissues, continued
 Nervous Tissue, continued
 Nervous tissue can be found throughout the human body
and has various functions.
 For example, nervous tissue can be found in the brain and
sensory organs and is used to interpret sensory information.
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Tissues, continued
 Epithelial Tissue
 Epithelial tissue is tissue that is composed of a sheet of cells
and that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity.
 Epithelial tissue is found in various thicknesses and
arrangements, depending on where it is located.
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Tissues, continued
 Epithelial Tissue, continued
 Each epithelial layer
is formed from cells
that are tightly bound
together, often
providing a protective
barrier for these
surfaces.
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Tissues, continued
 Connective Tissue
 Connective tissue is a
tissue that has a lot of
intracellular substance
and that connects and
supports other tissues.
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Tissues, continued
 Connective Tissue, continued
 Connective tissues are the most abundant and diverse of
the four types of tissue and contain a substance called
matrix.
 Matrix is an intracellular substance that gives connective
tissue its strength and flexibility and can be solid,
semisolid, or liquid.
Chapter 45
Human
Body
Tissues
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Tissues
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Tissues
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Visual Concept
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Organs and Organ Systems
 An organ consists of various tissues that work together to
carry out a specific function.
 Groups of organs interact in an organ system.
 Organ systems work together to function in an efficient,
integrated manner.
Chapter 45
Major
Organ
Systems
of the
Human
Body
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Organs and Organ Systems,
continued
 Integration of Organ Systems
 An even higher level of organization is the integration of
organ systems.
 The integration of organ systems can be described as each
organ system having organs associated with it according to
that organ’s primary function. This is so the organ system can
work more efficiently.
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Overview of Organ Systems
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Visual Concept
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Cavities
 Many organs and organ systems in the human body are
housed in compartments called body cavities.
 These cavities protect internal organs from injuries and
permit organs to function while remaining securely
supported.
 Each human cavity can contains one or more organs.
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Cavities, continued
 The human body has five main body cavities, including the
cranial cavity, the spinal cavity, the thoracic cavity, the
abdominal cavity, and the pelvic cavity.
 The cranial cavity is the cavity that contains, supports, and
protects the brain.
 The spinal cavity is the cavity that contains, supports, and
protects the spinal cord.
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Body Cavities, continued
 The thoracic cavity is the cavity that contains, supports,
and protects the heart, esophagus, and the organs of
the respiratory system.
 The abdominal cavity is the cavity that contains,
supports, and protects the digestive system.
 The pelvic cavity is the cavity that contains, supports,
and protects the organs of the reproductive and
excretory systems.
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Cavities of the
Human Body
Chapter 45
Section 1 The Human Body Plan
Human Body Cavities
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Visual Concept