Monica’s Flashcards
B-Block
CP
World History
Astronomy
S
Star-tech
1
• Studied sky as a source of time-keeping
• Astronomical time-keeping told them when to pray 5 times a
day
• Astronomy determined latitude and longitude- using the stars
• Tool for navigation
• Astrolabe- instrument that calculated position of stars to find
direction- adopted and perfected by Arabs
• Sextant- more sophisticated version of the astrolabe
• Sextant was the beginning of European exploration
Ibn al-Alam
S
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Composed astronomy handbook with tables
Cartography- geographical coordinates
Fixed stars
Wrote tables for calendars
Studied spherical functions
Died in Baghdad in 985
Came from Baghdad
Springer
1
Cartography
S
•
•
•
•
•
Wikipedia
1
Cartography is the practice and making of maps
A way that reality can be modeled
Map editing- selecting traits of objects to be mapped
Map projections
Arab geographer produced an atlas- included history of Africa,
Indian ocean, and the far east
Astronomy
Wikipedia
S
• Study of stars in the sky
• 10,000 manuscripts in world today
• Anwa- observations on settings of particular stars
1
Mathematics
Q+S
Wikipedia
1
• “Islamic mathematics fully developed decimal place-value
number system to include decimal fractions”
• Began to see difference between algebra and geometry
• Made advances in Greek geometry
• Showed ingenious work in trigonometry
Important people
S
Center for Islam and Science
1
• Jabir Ibn Hayyan- one of the most important people in islamic
science
• He was a alchemist
• Corpus (arabic writings)- collections of recipies for making
metals into golds
Ibn al-Haytham
S
•
•
•
•
•
Wikipedia
1
Born July 1st, 965
Born in Basra- present day Iraq
Died March 6th, 1040
He was a physicist and mathematician
Thought he could regulate flood of the Nile- in end couldn’t
do it so was put under house arrest
• Wrote Book of Optics
• After house arrest, wrote about physics, math, and
astronomy
• Traveled to Spain- did many scientific experiments
•
•
•
•
Chemistry
Wikipedia
S
1
The study of composition, property, and behavior of matter
Has to do with atoms and how they react with each other
The first Muslim alchemist was Khalid Ibn Yazid
Alchemist: forerunner of chemistry
Physics
Wikipedia
S
1
• Natural science that involves matter and motion through
space and time
• Fields of physics studied: optics, magnetism, mechanics,
statics, dynamics, and astonomy
Important People(Abu Musa Jabir ibn Haiyan al-Azdi)
S
History of Islamic Science
1
• Was the most famous Arabic alchemist
• Was the author of a book on the Astrolabe
• He was known for his great workings in chemistry and his
many experiments
• He observed magnetic forces
Islamic Geography
S
About.com
1
• Islam's only knew the local areas around them or from looking
at a map
• In 762 Baghdad became the capitol and became the central
area of knowledge and many key geographical achievements
• Islam's view of the world was more accurate than the
Christians view at the time
• Muslims were natural explorers
Early Science
S
Islamic Science
1
• Whole Greek learning's was rethought over by the Muslims
• People copied and plagiarized the workings of Muslim
Scientists
• Discovered whole new concept of planetary motion
Mathematics
S
Wikipedia
1
• Most importatnt contribution to mathematics was the
development of algrbra
• Omar kayyam wrote first book on algebra
• People who traveled were astronomers, mathematicians,
alchemists. Ect. that were full of knowledge on places, people,
and technology
• Wrote work on basis of geographic writing
• Accurate surveying of land and at sea
• One of the earliest geographers was al-Khwarizmi, a
mathematician who drew a map of the known earth
• calculated longitude and latitude of coordinates
• Ibn Hawqal traveled the world and wrote about the places he
visited and people he saw
• Muslim geography reached apex with Muhammad as leader
• Muslims had to travel to Mecca once in lifetime for the Hajj
which gave them greater understandings of their area
• Travel guides assisted trip to help lead the way