Lecturer:
Richard Rong-bin Chen,
PhD of Comparative Literature.
Unless noted, the course materials are licensed under Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Taiwan (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)
1

•
August, 1970: Japan officially declared its sovereignty claim on Diaoyutai Islands.
•
January, 1971: the Protect Diaoyutai Islands
Movement . [ baodiao ； 保釣運動 ]
•
October, 1971: Taiwan was expelled from the
UN.
•
September, 1972: Japan ended its diplomatic tie with Taiwan.
•
July, 1973: Ten Major Construction Projects . [
十大建設 ]
2

•
November, 1974: Chen Jo-hsi published The
Execution of Mayor Yin [ 尹縣長 ].
•
April, 1975: Chiang Kai-shek died.
•
September, 1976: the United Daily News Fiction
Award [ 聯合報小說獎 ] established, and both the Chu sisters were the winners.
•
April, 1977: the Debate over Nativist-realist
Literature . [ 鄉土文學論戰 ]
•
October, 1978: the China Times Literature Award established.
•
January, 1979: the United States ended the diplomatic tie with ROC; the Formosa Incident broke out in
December.
3

The Diaoyutai Islands[ 釣魚台 ] are a group of islets controlled by Japan in the East China Sea. They are located roughly due east of mainland China, northeast of Taiwan, west of Okinawa
Island.
4

Wikipeida: Author Unknown
5

Wikipedia BehBeh
6

A fish boat from Keelung working in the waters near the Diaoyutai Islands.
http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_id
=0001513275&dofile=cca220001-hp-cdn0003262-0001-i.jpg
(Picture taken on August 24th, 1970)
7

http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/photo/photo_meta.jsp?xml
_id=0000711046
(Picture taken on September 4th, 1970)
8

• After World War II, the islets came under
United States control.
•
In 1969, the Diaoyutai Islands were included in the Okinawa Reversion Treaty [ 《 沖繩歸
還條約 》 ] signed between the U.S. and Japan.
•
Since then, Japan had repeatedly insisted on its claim to those islets.
9

A group of reporters from China Times landed on the island and installed a national flag.
http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_id=00
00812348&dofile=cca220001-hp-hjm0140895-0001-i.jpg
(Picture taken on September 4th, 1970)
10

•
In late 1970, Chinese students in many U. S. universities organized various Committee[s] for Action to Protect the Chinese Territory
Diaoyutai ( 保衛中國領土釣魚台行動委員
會 ). They held meetings, circulated publications, and made appeals for support.
• [For example, in “Red Boy,” there are the
National Affairs Symposiums ( 國是討論會
), Spring Sprouts ( 春苗 ), Study Newsletter (
學習通訊 ), etc.]
11

•
The Chinese students in Princeton
University and the University of
Wisconsin-Madison were among the first groups of Chinese to react.
•
On April 10,1971 , the largest baodiao [ 保釣 ] demonstration took place in Washington D.C. when more than 2,500 Chinese across the
United States joined the Protect Diaoyutai
March. In the meantime, the movement spread to Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Europe.
12

A group of NTU students were marching around the Taipei Main Station.
http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/photo/photo_meta.jsp?picture
url=cca220002-hp-197106170090000002l-0001w.jpg&xml_id=0005902237&collectionname=&topicname=
(Picture taken on June 17th, 1971)
13

http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_id=
0000812391&dofile=cca220001-hp-hjm0140938-0001-i.jpg
(Picture taken on June 18th, 1971)
14

A group of NTU students protested against America
’ s decision to hand over the Diaoyutai Islands to Japan. They were marching toward American embassy to submit a petition.
http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_id=
0000812392&dofile=cca220001-hp-hjm0140939-0001-i.jpg
(Picture taken on June 18th, 1971)
15

A group of NTU students appealed for boycotting Japanese goods.
http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/photo/photo_meta
.jsp?xml_id=0000812430
(Picture taken on June 18th, 1971)
16

A hunger strike.
(Picture taken on February 30th, 1972) http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/photo/phot o_meta.jsp?xml_id=0000812460
17

http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_ meta.jsp?xml_id=0005904465
(Picture taken on May 14th, 1972)
18

•
1960
: ROC’s place in the UN became problematic.
•
October 25, 1971 : the UN General
Assembly Resolution 2758.
•
February 21 st , 1972 : Nixon arrived at
China. [
“Nixon’s Press Corps”
]
•
September 29 th , 1972 : PRC and Japan established official diplomatic relationship.
19

Pai Hsien-yung, “The Chinese Student Movement
Abroad: Exiled Writers in the New World” (1981)
[from Modern Chinese Writers: Self-Portrayals]
• First political awakening of Taiwan’s students abroad.
•
The movement and the May Fourth
Movement.
20

•
Many participants tried to relate baodiao to the May Fourth Movement. [For example, Guo Song-fen.]
•
The slogan:
• “China’s land may be conquered, but it can never be given up; Chinese people may be killed, but they can never be subjugated.”
(p.316)
Source: Chen, Jinxing(2009). Radicalization of the Protect Diaoyutai Movement in 1970s-America
Journal of Chinese Overseas 5 Singapore : Singapore University Press for the Chinese Heritage Centre
• 「我們的土地可以征服，不可以斷送。
我們的人民可以殺戮，不可以低頭。」
21

•
Pro-communist and anti-communist.
•
Not able to procure the support from the
KMT government, the political orientation of many students from ROC changed.
•
Many students from Taiwan became procommunist.
22

•
[There are both mainlander and Taiwanese among them. For example, in the baodiao movement, while both Liu Ta-jen and Chang
Hsi-guo had parents from Chiang-hsi
Province, Guo Song-fen was Taiwanese and, at a certain stage of life, pro-reunification and pro-communist.]
•
Disillusionment : when PRC established official diplomatic tie with Japan, the issue was set aside purposely.
•
Cf: “Night Duty” [ 值夜 ] by Chen Jo-hsi.
23

[ 《 昨日之怒 》 ] (1977)
•
Narrated from a Taiwanese perspective .
•
Participants and non-participants.
•
The disillusionment of the participants of the movement.
•
The oppositions among different factions of the movement.
•
Patriotism and personal careers .
•
Where to return?
24

•
The case of Chen Jo-hsi: 1966-1973.
•
The Great Cultural Revolution : 1965-1976.
• “Night Duty” in
The Execution of Mayor Yin .
•
A Taiwanese baodiao activist back to China.
•
Guo and Liu visited the Mainland for 42 days, saw the idealized China for the first time.
• In “Red Boy,” we also see
Chen Chi-kang , Kao
Chiang’s friend, chose to leave America for
Mainland China in late 1971 after his failure to pass the PhD oral.
25

• 郭松棻（ 1938-2005 ） : UC Berkeley,
Comparative Literature.
• 劉大任（ 1939） UC Berkeley, Political
Science.
• 張系國（ 1944） UC Berkeley, Computer
Science.
26

•
After abandoning their degrees, both Guo and Liu were able to find jobs in the UN, so they stayed in the US, living in New
York.
•
Interestingly, Guo never wrote any fiction with the theme of the Protect the
Diaoyutai Islands Movement.
•
It has been widely agreed, both Guo and
Liu were more radical and leftist, and
Chang more centrist.
27

•
The 1974 trip to China changed both Liu and
Guo.
•
In 1984, Liu Ta-jen published
“Azaleas Wept
Blood” [ 杜鵑啼血 ] , a story set in 1978, and traces further back to the earliest stage of the
Chinese Civil War, including the establishment of CPC in Shanghai, and the Long March.
•
The story is about a female local party leader who had eaten her lover’s heart in the Long March, and drove to insanity later in the political struggle of the
Great Cultural Revolution .
28

•
In 2010, Liu Ta-jen published
“Wind and
Thunder from Afar”
[ 遠方有風雷 ]
(untranslated), a story set in the new millenium, and traces further back to the last stage of the
Chinese Civil War, the white terror in Taiwan, and the Protect Diaoyutai Movement in
California’s
Bay Area.
•
In the story, we see a mainlander from Nanking , who used to be a part of the student activism in that city.
•
In Taiwan, when he was in NTU , he was imprisoned; afterward, he tried to study abroad and became a part of the failed Baodiao movement.
29

•
1944: born in Chungking, Szechwan .
•
A graduate of NTU (Department of
Electrical Engineering).
•
1969: received PhD degree from UC
Berkeley.
•
Professor of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh.
30

•
1983-1991: The City Trilogy , including
Five Jade Disks , Defenders of the
Dragon City , and Tale of a Feather . [ 《
五玉碟》、《龍城飛將》、《一羽毛
》。 ]
•
The City Trilogy. Trans. John Balcom.
New York: Columbia University
Press , 2003.
31

•
A writer keeps flirting with different forms of fiction with works such as
“The
Red Boy,” “The Watchman,” and “The
Policy Maker.”
[ 〈紅孩兒〉、〈守望
者〉、〈決策者〉。 ]
•
Besides science fiction, his works usually focus on the lives of overseas Chinese, the role of the intellectual in modern society, and the relationships between men and women.
32

【
】
•
Epistolary Novel: according to Britannica online Encyclopedia, epistolary novel is “a novel told through the medium of letters written by one or more of the characters. Originating with Samuel Richardson’s Pamela; or, Virtue
Rewarded (1740) . . . it was one of the earliest forms of novel to be developed and remained one of the most popular up to the 19th century.
The epistolary novel’s reliance on subjective points of view makes it the forerunner of the modern psychological novel
.”
Source: The article of “epistolary novel” is from the website of “ the Encyclopædia
Britannica ”
33

•
According to Chen Pingyuan ( 陳平原 ), a famous scholar from Mainland China, as stated in his Transformation in the
Narrative Mode of Chinese Fiction [ 《中
國小說敘事模式的轉變》 ], epistolary form is never a mainstream part of traditional Chinese fiction. This form of fiction was received by Chinese writers after late Qing or the May Fourth period .
34

•
In Taiwan, its reception can be traced to the
70s and 80s. Some representative works are
Li Ang’s
“A Love Letter Never Sent”
[ 〈一封未寄的情書〉 , 1987 ], Chi Tengsheng’s “Letters from Tan Lang”
[ 《譚郎的書信》 , 1985 ], and “The Spy
Catcher” [ 《捕諜人》 , 1992], a novel cowritten by Chang Hsi-kuo and Ping Lu.
35

•
As a work of fiction in an epistolary form, the special position of “Red Boy” does not only lie in its being a pioneering work in this genre, but also lies in the fact that it is polyphonic [
多音的 ], rather than only monophonic [ 單音
的 ] or duophonic [ 雙音的 ].
•
It has to be noted, in this story which consists of seventeen letters and seven documents, many voices and tones are used by the writer; also, none of the letters is written by the main character, Kao Chiang.
36

•
This is quite different from the traditional way of writing a story, which tends to describe directly the actions taken by and words uttered by the main character .
•
In this story, the actions and words of Kao
Chiang can be known indirectly from the reactions of his friends and family presented in the letters.
37

• The letters from Kao Chiang’s family: letters from Kao Chiang’s family are more than biographical backgrounds. They also show Chang Hsi-kuo social and political concerns.
• 
Central Daily News [ 《中央日報》 ]
• 
The reason for studying engineering and science. [For example, Lu Xun. ( 魯迅 )]
• 
The overseas Chinese and their feeling of uncertainties , both economic and political.
38

We are expecting another child soon. Your sisterin-low will give birth in September. This is the last one. No matter whether it is a girl or a boy we aren’t planning to have any more. Our company laid off several dozen people. One whole research division was completely dissolved, and even oldtimers who had been here more than ten years had to leave immediately, so morale in the company is not good. There is no feeling of security when you work for Americans. If they lay me off, I plan to go back to Taiwan to look for work. I certainly won’t stay here and take any more of this.
Jan 29 (p. 227-228)
Source: Chang Hsi-kuo (1983). Red Boy Joseph S.M.Lau (Ed.),
The Unbroken chain : an anthology of Taiwan fiction since 1926.
Bloomington : Indiana University Press
39

The situation at our company has improvedeveryone got a raise, and I got the biggest one of all. One good thing about America is that if you have ability you will gain people’s recognition. The reason I like America is because of their way of treating everyone equally. When you go to work later on you will undoubtedly feel the same way.
Feb 29 (p. 229)
Source: Chang Hsi-kuo (1983). Red Boy Joseph S.M.Lau (Ed.),
The Unbroken chain : an anthology of Taiwan fiction since 1926.
Bloomington : Indiana University Press
40

•
Political Labeling.
•
The Chinese Civil War reincarnated?
• What’s in the name: “patriotic” or
“revolutionary uprising”?
•
Caught between the Leftism and Rightism: Kao Chiang becomes the victim of a complicated and confusing ideological warfare. In the end, he becomes less interested in politics after being considered as a
“Communist agent” by the Anti-Communist Patriotic
Alliance of G City [G 埠反共愛國同盟 ] (p. 223), and as
“right-wing opportunist” by the leftist G City
Revolutionary Uprising Headquarters [G 埠革命造反總
部 ] (p. 225).
Source: Chang Hsi-kuo (1983). Red Boy Joseph S.M.Lau (Ed.),
The Unbroken chain : an anthology of Taiwan fiction since 1926.
Bloomington : Indiana University Press
41

• 
Ironically, not a single letter is written about practical steps which can be taken to protect the islands.
•
The characters:
•
Kao Chiang: from good boy to “red boy.”
•
Kao Wei: a restless Chinese.
•
Chen Chi-kang: an idealist discouraged by the movement.
•
Chung Kuei-ching: from study group to Bible study group, a proof of the movement’s failure.
•
Wang Fu-ch’eng: the author himself?
42

I really respect his courage. A lot of people talk very prettily about how one should “serve the people,” but do they do it themselves? They love the material pleasures of
America, and while they shout about revolution, they are busy raking in the money. Every time I run into these people, I can’t help thinking of Ch’en Chi-kang. I think he is a much better person than those leftists who are all talk and no action.
(p. 228)
Source: Chang Hsi-kuo (1983). Red Boy Joseph S.M.Lau (Ed.),
The Unbroken chain : an anthology of Taiwan fiction since 1926.
Bloomington : Indiana University Press • Wang’s letter to Kao Chiang
•
He seems to be moderate, a centrist.
•
He loved Taiwan.
•
He respected those who decided to return to China.
• He despised those “leftists.”
43

44

•
In Chinese mythological system, especially in Journey into the West [ 西遊
記 ], Red Boy [ 紅孩兒 ], the son of the
Princess Iron Fan [ 鐵扇公主 ] and the
Bull Demon King [ 牛魔王 ], is famously a mischievous character who gives Sun
Wukong [ 孫悟空 ] a real hard time.
45

•
First, as is told in the story, though raised in a pro-KMT rightist family and had never given his parents any cause to worry, after the
Protect Diaoyutai Movement, Kao Chiang became quite radical and progressive politically, so he can be seen as a mischievous
“red boy” in the story, an embodiment of the
Red Boy in Journey into the West.
46

•
Also, there might be another symbolic sense. As a pro-Communism oversea student, Kao Chiang is of course a “red boy” since red is the representative color of Communism, and the participants of the contemporaneous Great Cultural
Revolution are named
“the Red Guards”
( 紅衛兵 ).
47

【
】
•
1953: born in Kaohsiung, named Lu
Ping by birth. Like Chu Hsi-ning, Chang
Ta-chun and many other postwar novelists, her family were from
Shandong.
48

• She earned a bachelor’s degree in psychology from NTU
, and a master’s degree in statistics from the University of
Iowa. After graduation, she worked in the
United States Postal Service as a statistician for some time.
•
1983: during her stay in the States, she won first prize with her short story “Death in a Cornfield” in the 1983
United Daily
News Fiction Competition [ 《聯合報》
小說獎 ].
49

•
2003: she took up the job offered by DPP government, and went to Hong Kong to work as director of Kwang Hwa Information and Culture Center [ 香港光華新聞文
化中心 ], an institute founded by Taiwan’s
Government Information Office.
50

•
As a female writer who started her literary career in the 1980s, Ping Lu’s concerns cover a wide range of social, cultural, political, and even historical issues, well beyond the topics usually dealt with in her fellow female writers’ works which are mostly related to women’s lives.
•
Also, as one of the most representative postmodern novelists in Taiwan, Ping Lu’s achievements in historicizing fiction and fictionalizing history are both impressive and innovative.
51

•
1991: Who Killed xxx?
[ 《誰殺了×××？》 ;
The story about President Chiang Chingkuo’s mistress, Chang Ya-jo ( 章亞若 ) and her mysterious death.]
•
1995: Love and Revolution.
[ 《行道天涯》 ;
The story about the last days of Dr. Sun Yatsen and the life of his wife, Soong Chingling, ( 宋慶齡 ) after his death. The novel was translated by Nancy Du and published by
Columbia University Press in 2006.]
52

•
1998: Notes of the Centennial Year. [ 《百齡
箋》 ; The story about Soong Mei-ling ( 宋美
齡 , 1897-2003), that is, Madame Chiang Kaishek.]
•
2002: When Will My Love Come Again?
[ 《何日君再來》 ; The story about Teresa
Teng (1953-1995), arguably the most famous and popular singer in the postwar period in
Taiwan. Teng had a legendary career before her death in Chiang Mai, Thailand, which was caused by an asthma attack.]
53

•
This work is both structurally and thematically similar to “My First Case” by
Chen Ying-chen.
• The “Jigsaw Puzzle” Structure.
•
Why Chen committed suicide?
54

• It has to be noted, however, the narrator’s function and role in the story is different from the young security police officer in
“My First Case.”
•
The narrator is more a round character who was influenced by the death of Chen Hsishan. [ For example, the narrator finally returned to Taiwan after the investigation of Chen’s death.
]
55

•
Also, this story can be seen as a sequel to
“Red Boy” because the protagonist Chen is also a protestor during the Protect
Diaoyutai Movement who had been on the
“blacklist,” like novelists Guo Song-feng and Liu Ta-jen, and could not return to
Taiwan for years.
•
Unlike Guo and Liu worked in the UN, Chen joined the Federal Government.
56

• ”Death” in the story is more than physical, so what we might be concerned about are its mental, social, spiritual, and even occupational dimensions. [ For example, the disillusion of American
Dream, the problems of marriage, and boring jobs, etc.
]
57

The summer in Washington, DC, that year was probably hotter than it had ever been. For about two weeks, the temperature was around 100 degrees every day. I was then a foreign correspondent for a Taiwanese newspaper. My name appeared often on the second page of that paper. ‘Dispatch from Washington, DC, by correspondent so-and-so.’ With such a nice ring to my title I should have had a splendid life. (p.135)
Source: Chen Ying-chen.(1994). Death in a cornfield
Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.),
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan.
Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University Press
58

Unfortunately, this was not so. As a matter of fact, I was at that time rather tired of my job. It was partly because the international situation then was so unfavorable to us that even reporters were affected and could not enjoy the privileges we were entitled to.
We had to cope with politically snobbish circles; sometimes it was humiliating. (p.135)
Source: Chen Ying-chen.(1994). Death in a cornfield
Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.),
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan.
Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University Press
• It marks Taiwan’s “retreat” from the UN.
•
At this critical juncture, you tend to feel your fate is actually closely related to your country.
59

The cornfield might be a n important clue, I thought.
Its resemblance to sugarcane fields reminded Chen of his childhood, so it had a special meaning for him.
Could it be this reminder of his childhood that led, directly or indirectly, to the tragedy? The tangled threads made me even more confused….(p.143)
Source: Chen Ying-chen.(1994) . Death in a cornfield
Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.),
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan.
Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University Press •
From the second interview, we know that
Chen had always talked about the canefield before his death.
•
Foreshadowing the cornfield scene
60

Oddly enough, except for a momentary confusion, whenever I thought of Chen lying quietly in the cornfield, a cool feeling would begin and grow deep inside me. I became more and more aware that the cornfield scene brought a kind of inner coolness. It made me invulnerable to the summer heat that continued its unrelenting pressure. I became obsessed with the image of the scene. There must be some link between Chen and me. Yes, both of us were married to very capable women, except that he had a five-year-old daughter and I did not.
It is good to have a child. If it had not been for my wife’s extremely should and logical mind, my child would also
Source: Chen Ying-chen.(1994). Death in a cornfield be five years old now. (p.143-144) Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.),
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan.
61 Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University Press

•
The link mentioned here is only superficial.
•
Their common mentality is more important, and will be explored until later.
62

• The symbolic meaning of “the cornfield” and its association with the cane fields in
Taiwan.
In the cornfield scene we are able to see the narrator’s exploration of his and
Chen’s inner worlds. In the end he admitted that Chen was, like himself, simply an unhappy man.
•
Though the narrator had not been a part of the movement, but, like Chen, he had also gone through both the prosperity of American
Dream and the absurdity of marriage.
63

•
Female characters in the story are described as more adaptive to the society in the States.
• Georgia, Chen’s wife who’s from Hong
Kong, owned a trading company.
•
Georgia thought learning Chinese characters was a pressure on their daughter, teaching her Taiwanese was not sensible.
• The narrator’s wife Mei-yun tried to get herself “mingled with the women of high society.”
64

•
Chen His-shan: an ex-member of the Protect
Diaoyutai Movement; had planned to
“go back to the Mainland to serve the ‘Socialist
Motherland’.
”
He was on the blacklist, so he couldn’t return to Taiwan.
•
The reporter: had once considered himself to be
“voice of the people and the conscience of society,” now unhappy with his job and life, reached his self-awareness after the investigation of Chen’s death.
65

•
After reading the first two accounts of Chen, you could see how different he was in the eyes of his wife and his colleague.
•
For Georgia, Chen had been a terrible husband and father, without whom her and her daughter’s lives barely changed. For Kao, Chen had been nice, innocent, perfectionist, and a responsible family man.
•
In the last interview, we also see the complexity of Chen’s character.
66

•
Chen fought for happiness in his diasporic life.
• The reporter had lived a life of “doublediaspora,” but, unlike Chen, he could choose to go back to Taiwan.
67

Copyright Declaration
Page
5
6
21
35
39
40
Work
China’s land may be conquered, …Chinese people may be killed, but they can never be subjugated.
A novel told through…. it the forerunner of the modern psychological novel.
We are expecting another …look for work. I certainly won’t stay here and take any more of this.
The situation at our company has improved-everyone … later on you will undoubtedly feel the same way.
Licensing Author/Source
Wikipeida: Author Unknown http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diaoyutai_senkaku.png
2012/03/29 visited
Wikipedia BehBeh http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20100915Senkaku_Islands_Uotsuri_Jima_Kita_K ojima_Minami_Kojima.jpg?uselang=zh-tw
2012/03/29 visited
Chen, Jinxing(2009). Radicalization of the Protect Diaoyutai Movement in 1970s-
America.
Journal of Chinese Overseas 5 (p.316). Singapore : Singapore University Press for the Chinese Heritage Centre
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
This article of “epistolary novel” is from the website of “the Encyclopædia Britannica” http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/190331/epistolary-novel . It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
• Article 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
• Encyclopædia Britannica Terms of Use
Chang Hsi-kuo. (1983). Red Boy. Joseph S.M. Lau (Ed.) The Unbroken chain : an anthology of Taiwan fiction since 1926
(pp. 227-228. ). Bloomington : Indiana University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
Chang Hsi-kuo (1983). Red Boy. Joseph S.M. Lau (Ed.)
The Unbroken chain : an anthology of Taiwan fiction since 1926
(p. 229 ). Bloomington : Indiana University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
68

Copyright Declaration
Page
41
41
43
58
59
60
Work
Communist agent right-wing opportunist
I really respect his courage.
A lot of people talk …those leftists who are all talk and no action.
The summer in Washington,
DC, that year was probably …to my title I should have had a splendid life.
Unfortunately, this was not so. As a matter …politically snobbish circles; sometimes it was humiliating.
The cornfield might be a n important clue, … tragedy?
The tangled threads made me even more confused….
Licensing Author/Source
Chang Hsi-kuo. (1983). Red Boy. Joseph S.M. Lau (Ed.)
The Unbroken chain : an anthology of Taiwan fiction since 1926
(p. 223 ). Bloomington : Indiana University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
Chang Hsi-kuo. (1983). Red Boy. Joseph S.M. Lau (Ed.)
The Unbroken chain : an anthology of Taiwan fiction since 1926
(p. 225 ). Bloomington : Indiana University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
Chang Hsi-kuo. (1983). Red Boy. Joseph S.M. Lau (Ed.)
The Unbroken chain : an anthology of Taiwan fiction since 1926
(p. 228). Bloomington : Indiana University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield. Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan
(p. 135). Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield. Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan
(p. 135). Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield. Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan
(p. 143). Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
69

Copyright Declaration
Page
61
Work
Oddly enough, except for a momentary confusion, whenever I thought …mind, my child would also be five years old now.
Licensing Author/Source
Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield
Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan
(pp. 143-144). Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
70