Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Definisi SCM
• SCM adalah koordinasi aliran bahan baku /
material, informasi dan keuangan antar entitas
yang berpartisipasi dalam transaksi bisnis
– Aliran material : aliran produk secara fisik dari pemasok
ke pelanggan, termasuk di dalamnya pengembalian
produk (retur), layanan (services), pengolahan ulang
(recycling) dan pembuangan (disposal)
– Aliran informasi : meliputi ramalan permintaan,
transmisi pembelian dan laporan status pengiriman
barang
– Aliran Keuangan : meliputi informasi kartu kredit, syarat
kredit, jadwal pembayaran.
Elemen Supply Chain Planning
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Model Supply Chain
Manufacturer
• Financial / marketing–driven forcast
• Master Scheduling
• Replenishment based on distribution
center inventory (preset safety stock
level)
• Manual purchase order and invoicing
Retail Distribution Center
• Order point based on warehouse
inventory (safety stock level) and
historical forecast
• Deals, promotions and forward buying
• Manual purchase orders, information
entry and output
Retail Store
• Order point based on shelf inventory
(safety stock level) and forecasts
• Promotions
• Manual entry of items to be ordered
Manufacturer
• Demand driven forcast based on POS data
and product movement
• Short cycle manufacturing
• Advanced shipping notice and EDI services
• Bar code scanners and UPC ticketing
Retail Distribution Center
• Automatic replenishment
• Shipping container marking
• Cross–dock receiving
• EDI services
Retail Store
• POS data collection
• Perpetual inventory checks
• Automatic replenishment using EDI services
Customer Purchase Merchandise
Customer Purchase Merchandise
Push–Based Supply Chain
Pull–Based Supply Chain
Proses Supply Chain
Supply Chain Planning
Information Flows
Product
Flows
Supplier
Product
Flows
Manufacturing
Product
Flows
Distribution
Payment Flows
Supply Chain Execution
Product
Flows
Retailer
Consumer
Strategi Supply Chain
Current
Store
Customer
1-800
Retailer
Manufacturer
Supplier
Enterprise
Focus
(Nabisco)
Collaborative
Systems
Near Term
Customer
1-800
Store
Web
Retailer
Shared
Market Data
Emerging
Customer
Manufacturer
The Web
Manufacturer
Supplier
Partner
Focus
(P&G)
Supplier
Direct
Focus
(Dell)
Virtual
Fulfillment
Arsitektur eSupply Chain
Complete
Order
Life Cycle
Partial
Functional
Solutions
Complete
Integrated
Solution
Commit
Order Commitment
Advanced
Scheduling
Schedule
Make
Demand Planning
Transportation
Planning
Deliver
Manufacturing Plan
Distribution
Planning
Integrated Supply Chain Applications
Cross – Functional Processes Breaking Down Enterprise Walls
Aplikasi Piranti Lunak SCM
Major Functional Areas
Set of Key Activities in Each Functional Areas
Manufacturing
Engineering and product configuration, production
planning and cost management, production
execution and quality management
Logistics
Purchasing and order management, distribution,
inventory and warehousing
Financials
General ledger, payables and receivables, billing,
budgets and asset management
Marketing
Advertising, sales, order management, customer
service and support and market research and
strategy
HRMS
Payroll management, time and labor management,
benefits administration and pension administration