TWO BIG PROBLEMS
1. Native Americans are unhappy.
2. Need more money FAST.
HOW DOES ENGLAND RESPOND?
Results of the French
Indian War
 British and Colonials win
 France loses North
American Empire
 French Threat to colonials
removed
 British have enormous area
to govern
 Colonials gain confidence
in their ability
 British debt doubles
 British military reputation
suffers in colonial eyes
 Cost of 10,000 British
troops HUGE!
 British experience colonial
disloyalty
 British citizens in England
heavily taxed
What are some reasons that people
might turn against their government?
Cite examples.
What group might have
released this statement in
1640?
The might of a country consists of gaining
surpluses of gold and silver. The nation’s
strength is found in economic independence and
the maintenance of a favorable balance of trade.
We need to gain colonies both as sources of raw
materials and as markets for our manufactured
goods.
Navigation Acts
1650 - 1764
 During the early years of settlement, England largely
ignored its colonies
 But, under British King Charles II, the Navigation Acts
were implemented
 Draw a table -
Navigation Acts
Advantages
ENGLAND
AMERICAN
COLONIES
Disadvantages
Navigation Acts
1651
 No country could trade with colonies unless goods shipped in
colonial or England ships
 Crews on ships must be ¾ English
 Foreign ships are forbidden in colonial harbors
 Certain colonial products can ONLY be shipped to England (raw
materials that England lacked)
 Goods traded between colonies and Europe must first pass through
English port
 Wool Act. Prohibits export of colonial woolen cloth – raw wool only
Describe the response of the colonists to these Acts. What actions might they
take?
PURPOSE: Control colonial markets
Illegal trade begins
 England initially ignores
 Salutary neglect – England relaxes enforcement of
laws in an effort to maintain the loyalty of the colonies
 What were some pros of salutary neglect?
 What were some cons?
 Colonists enjoy independence
 Crack down begins on biggest violators –
Massachusett merchants
Mercantilism
 The “parent country” should regulate
trade and production to become selfsufficient
 Colonies provide raw materials to parent
country for growth and profit of that
country’s industries
 Parent country sells processed goods back to
colonies
 Write down your own definition of
mercantilism.
Mercantilism
 What were the pros of this policy?
 What were the cons?
EXIT TICKET
Why would the perspective of English people
be different than that of American colonists in
regards to mercantilist policies? Give an
example.
DO NOT SHOW
Colonial Response to
Mercantilism?
 Mercantilism worked well for colonies that produced crops,
such as the southern and middle colonies. Why?
 They did not work as well for the New England colonies
where they did not grow many crops for export. Why not?
 The trade laws were rarely enforced and many New
Englanders ignored them by trading with the non-British
Depiction of the first meeting of the House of Burgesses, 1619
To what extent do you think that the colonies
governed themselves?
Colonial Self-Government
 In 1619, Virginia became the first colony to elect their
own legislative (law-making) assembly called the House
of Burgesses
 In New England, colonists practiced self-government by
gathering in village meetinghouses each month to make
local decisions
 By 1750, each of the 13 colonies had its own elected
assembly, which shared power with a governor
 By 1750, colonists were accustomed to running their
own affairs and many, especially New Englanders,
ignored British laws.
North American Land Claims,
1750s
The French and Indian War
1754-1763
 By the end of the 17th century
France, Britain, and Spain
struggled over who would
control North America
 Center of the struggle between
Britain and France was over the
Ohio River Valley
 Fighting erupted between the
French and British in the Ohio
River Valley in 1754
 Why do you think they were
fighting over the Ohio River
Valley?
George Washington leading troops during the
French and Indian War
The French and Indian War
 What is the
outcome of the
war?
 The British won
and the war came
to an end in 1763
The Death of General Wolfe by Benjamin West,
1771. This image depicts the death of the
British general.
North American Land Claims
1763 and Later
Results of French Indian War
Which of these results have a negative impact on the
England/Colony relationship?
 British and colonists win!
France loses North
American Empire
 British experience
colonial disloyalty
 French threat to colonials
removed
 British have enormous
area to govern
 Britain controls most land
east of the Mississippi
River
 Cost of 10,000 troops
very expensive
 British military reputation
suffers in colonial eyes
 British debt doubles
 Colonials gain confidence
in their military ability
 British citizens in
England heavily taxed
Now What?
 The British have won the war. Now they
need to pay for the war AND protect their
holdings in the colonies.
 How should Britain go about meeting both
goals?
Proclamation of 1763
 “We have thought fit...to issue this Our Royal
Proclamation.... And whereas it is just and
reasonable, and essential to Our Interest and
the Security of Our Colonies, that the several
Nations or Tribes of Indians, with whom We
are connected, and who live under Our
Protection, should not be molested or
disturbed..
 How might colonists respond to this?
The Proclamation of 1763
 Look at this map (map
of Proclamation of 1763).
 Pretend you are a
colonist at this time,
living in Pennsylvania.
 How would you
respond?
 After 1763, the era of
salutary neglect came to
an end