Diabetes
By: Molly Magee
BME 281
University of Rhode Island
History
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Dated back to the 1st century
17th century= Dr. Thomas Willis testing
Early 20th century= low calorie diets
1921= Dr. Frederick Banting discovered insulin
1935= Roger Hinsworth discovered 2 types
1969= first glucose meter
1970s= first pump introduced
What is Diabetes
• Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin
• Affects how your body uses blood glucose
• Type 1: insulin producing cells are destroyed;
insulin dependent
• Type 2: cells get to be resistant to insulin; not
insulin dependent, but still need medication
• 26 million Americans have diabetes
Symptoms
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Frequent Urination
Fatigue
Increased thirst
Extreme hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Blurred Vision
Insulin
• Hormone that comes
from pancreas
• Secreted into
bloodstream
• Lowers amount of sugar
in bloodstream
High & Low Blood Sugar
• High Blood Sugar
(Hyperglycemia) = to do
with what you have
consumed (too much
carbs or too much
sugar)
• Low Blood Sugar
(Hypoglycemia) = lack
of food
• Causes symptoms that
can be severe
• Slurred speech,
confusion, irritability,
fainting, and seizures
• Raise by drinking fruit
juice or carbs
Supplies
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Glucose Monitor
Test strips
Needles
Insulin
Way to inject insulin
How to treat
• Daily self-injection (with
needle and insulin)
• Injection Pen (carries
insulin inside)
• Insulin Pump (most
effective)
• Medication (mainly for
type 2: to stimulate the
release of insulin)
Costs
• Depends on which type of diabetes you have
and which method you decide to use
• Meter= $50-100
• Strips= $20-70
• Needles= $30-50
• Insulin= $100-300
• Pump=can go over $5,000
Future
• To find a cure!
References
• Staff, Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical
Education and Research, n.d. Web.
<http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/diabetes/DS01121>.
• "Diabetes." WHO. N.p., n.d. Web.
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/>.
• Kanakis, Soraya Jane, Carolyn Watts, and Steven B. Leichter. "The
Business of Insulin Pumps in Diabetes Care: Clinical and Economic
Considerations." Clinical Diabetes (2002): n. pag. Web.
• Sattley, Melissa. "The History of Diabetes." Diabetes Health 17 Dec.
2008: n. pag. Web.