Engineering Graphics 1504
Lecture 2 – Orthographic Sketches
Objectives
 Recap of Orthographic Projections
 Lettering and title blocks
 In-class assignment
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet
1
Recap: Lines
Strong contrast between drawing lines and
construction lines
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Visible lines indicate all visible edges.
Hidden lines show surface, edge, or corner hidden from view
Centerlines show holes and symmetric features
Cutting plane used to designate where cutting plane takes place
Extension & dimension lines used when dimensioning
Break lines used to shorten view of a long part
Section lines used to indicate the surface in a section view
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet
2
Visible Line Functions
“LIMITS”
“EDGES”
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet
3
Hidden Line Conventions
• evenly
spaced
dashes
• spaces 
1/2 of dash
length
• dashes
commonly
 1/8” long
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet
4
Centerline Conventions
• to show
circle/arc
center or axis
of symmetry
• long lines
separated by
dash and two
gaps
• dashes
commonly 
1/8” long
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet
5
Tangent Surfaces
When a curved
surface is
tangent to a
plane NO LINE
IS SHOWN
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet
6
Producing a Multiview Sketch
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Select Front View
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Align View Bounding Boxes
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Sketch Features
– True Shapes Remain
– Project Between Views
– Label Vertices if Needed
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet
7
Select Front View
• Universally Used -- Clock Face
• Shows Most Characteristic Shape -- the
“U” shape of a horse shoe.
• Generates Fewest
Number of Hidden Lines
for Entire Drawing
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet
8
Glass Box Approach
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet
9
Creating the Orthographic Projection
Sketch
• Front View
• Right Side
View
• Top View
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet 10
Align View Bounding Boxes
DEPTH
WIDTH
TOP
DEPTH
HEIGHT
HEIGHT
WIDTH
FRONT
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Miter line at 45°
RIGHT
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet 11
Sketch Features – View Projection
TOP
Miter line at 45°
FRONT
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
RIGHT
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Note: see
figure 1.29
in text
Sheet 12
Standard Letters (ASME Y14.2M-1992)
Vertical Gothic Style – All Capitals
A Lettering Template
These suggested lettering
strokes may be helpful.
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet 13
Lettering Guidelines
• Letter size should be at least 3mm high for clarity and
reproducibility
• Draw a construction line to help you judge lettering
height.
• Decimal points must be clearly visible, solid, and inline with bottom of text
• To be aligned with the bottom of the page (preferred)
or with the right side of the page.
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet 14
Spacing & Fractions
Don’t use equal spacing between letters
Instead, try to balance the area between letters.
The space between words should be equal to letter height.
The space between lines of text should be at least half the
height of a letter and at most equal to the letter height.
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet 15
Lettering Example
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Extremely light horizontal lines regulate letter height
Guidelines are not removed
Vertical lines may be used to keep letters vertical (not
used to space the letters)
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet 16
Lettering Cont.
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Note: strict adherence to these guidelines is
not necessary, but …
Make sure that all letters are in upper case,
and construction lines are visible
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet 17
Title Block
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Vary in layout
In this course must include
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Name
Title or description
Scale and units
Drawn by:
Date:
Session identifier
(eg. Wed.)
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet 18
Class Assignment
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Using your workbook, complete questions
9,11,13,15
Include a title block on the first page
Course: Engineering Graphics 1504
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sheet 19