Dr. Martin O. Eduvie
Coordinator/Project Manager RWSSC
National Water Resources Institute
Kaduna.
1
Nigeria Water Resources Master Plan: IWRM
In Nigeria, we have challenges
 Water shortage is more serious
 Need for water resources development hence the
need for NWRMP 2013 due to the following:
 Water supply, irrigation and and energy
generation problems
 Therefore, Water resources management is
urgent and managed in accordance with IWRM
 JICA assisted the M/P 1995 and recommended
review M/P 2013

2
Nigeria vision 20:2020
 Millennium Development Goals
 The Africa Water Vision
 The National Water Resources Policy (revised
2009)
Framework of M/P2013
Nigeria vision 20:2020 show the goals to improve
current nation issues in water sector:
 Low rate of access to safe, clean water and
sanitation facilities
 Less contribution of irrigation to National Food
security and
 Insufficient utilization of hydropower (Renewable
energy)

3




Need to review due to the following:
Water demand is increasing with population
growth and economic development
River flow dry up
Influence of climate change
Effective water resources management at
National level, catchment Management office
CMO established 8HA
4





Formation of NNWRMP 2013 through review
and up date of M/P 1995
Formation of Catchment Management Plan
(CMP) HA-1 (Niger North)/Western HA-8
Phase 1- Basic study
Phase 2 - Master plan for NNWRMP
Phase 3- Formation of CMP for 2 hydrological
areas
5
Improve current situation by setting of goals.
3 major areas of improvement
 Low rate of access safe and clean water and
sanitation
 Low contribution of irrigation to national food
security
 Insufficient utilization of hydropower for
renewable unit
Population 154.4 million in 2010 to 257.8 in
2050

6






Surface water – 81 projects (Dams)
Groundwater development – 148 projects
(Boreholes and wells)
Water supply Projects – 489 (Water treatment)
Sanitation project – 264 (Public investment)
Irrigation and drainage – 146 project
Water Resources Management
7
A systematic process for linking water and
water-related policy, objectives, and uses
to improve decision making in:
◦ operation and management of natural resources and
environmental systems;
◦ design and implementation of programs and policies.
A coordinating framework for integrating sectoral needs, water and waterrelated policy, resource allocation, and management within the context of
social, economic, and environmental development objectives.
8
Schematic of the IWRM Process
• Stakeholder Input
• Donor Input
• Other Input
Country
Development
Objectives
Key Water & Waterrelated
Policies/Inst.
Review &
Evaluation
Resources
Assessment &
Analysis
Use Assessment
& Analysis
Resource
Allocation
Strategy
Implementation
& Monitoring
Resource
Development &
Management
Plan
9
10
What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country?
11
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution
hazard .
12
Prevention
is better
than
Cure!
Suggest
ways to
reduce
waste
disposal to
the streets
and gutters
What are the
impacts of
this waste
on water?
13
Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to
supply
potable
water here?
Source: Nkhuwa 2006
14






Private or public Organisation or individual
concerned or responsible for a common
interest (here: water management)
User
Provider of the resource
Manager of the resource
Impact of the resource on the ecosystem
Regulator of the resource
15

Stakeholders want to participate:
◦ To protect their interests;
◦ To get problems fixed.

Stakeholders need to participate:
◦ Government decisions hard to implement without
social support;
◦ Some management tasks are more efficiently carries
out by stakeholders;
◦ Small aquifers/surface require local management.
16
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
Informed decision-making using
stakeholder experience;
Conflict prevention by development of
consensus and information sharing.
social benefits - promote equity among
users;
economic benefits - optimize pumping and
reduce energy costs;
technical benefits - better estimates of
water abstraction.
17


List stakeholders base on
NWRMP
Who are the
key
stakeholders
?
Why is it
necessary to
pay attention to
gender/other
factors during
stakeholder
analysis?
18

Stakeholder analysis has three steps:
1. Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in
surface and groundwater management.
2. Assess stakeholder interests and the potential
impact of water resources management decisions
on these interests.
3. Assess the influence and importance of the
identified stakeholders.
19
A. High interest/
Importance, High
Influence
B. High Interest/
Importance, Low
influence
C. Low Interest/
Importance, High
influence
D. Low Interest/
Importance, Low
influence
20
Level at which function performed.
Functions
Water User
Association
Collect water use
charges
Groundwater monitoring
Make rules on water use
Policing of groundwater
use
Participate in setting
targets
Settle W/R disputes
Water Mgmt
Agency
National
Authority









21

Inadequate attention given to government
agencies as stakeholder.
◦ Functions spread across gvt. agencies;
◦ Objectives differ;
◦ Opportunity to influence other gvt. agencies.
How can we get
government agencies to
work together?
22


Participation can take place at all levels from
the top to governing bodies.
A finely tuned balance of regulations and
incentives is needed for stakeholder
structures to function.
23
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Civil society-Consumers, NGOs, CBOs, Trade
unions, Labour, media.
Service providers-formal (public utilities) and
informal (water vendors, farmers with water from
private wells, AWDROP etc)
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodiesNWC,GWP, NIWRMC
Private sector- Banks-Micro financing, PPPs, and
IFIs - WB, AFDB
Regulatory bodies
River Basins Authorities
Trans boundary organisations
External support agencies
Legislators
24
S/N Stakeholders
Examples
Roles
1
Civil Society
WASHCOMS, Water Users
Association, NEWSAN, AUCPTRE,
Climate Change Information
Network, Water and Sanitation
Media Network, Newspapers , TV,
Radio
Increase
awareness .
Mobilise public
participation
Awarenessraising, advocacy
and building
synergies for
sustainable water
financing
2
Service providers
Water utilities, water vendors,
Bottling companies, farmers,
sewerage firms, AWDROP
National IWRM
policies and
legislations
determine the roles
and responsibilities
of the various
levels of service
provision
In Nigeria,
25
3
Policy formulation
and Coordinating
bodies
National Water Resources
Council, National Integrated
Water Resources Management
Commission , National
Sanitation Task Force,
Policy formulation and C
oordinating bodies
Provide structures for coordination between different
organisations
Improved co-ordination
Recommend creation of new
departments or commissions
/committees and authorities
.An example is the new
National Technical Sub
Committee on IWRM
4
Local Governments
LGA, LGDA etc
Act as both service providers
and regulators
Providing information and
supporting dialogue among
stakeholders and policy makers
Local governments use
economic instruments to
influence the behaviour of their
citizenry. These include rate
structures and charges, fees
for permits as well as fines and
penalties.
They use regulatory
instruments, such as by-laws,
to influence the
implementation of IWRM
practices within their
boundaries.
26
S/N
Stakeholder
Examples
Roles
5
Private sector
World Bank Urban
Sector reform
projects, AFDB in
Osun, Yobe, Taraba,
Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks
International Financial institutions
such as the World Bank, AFDB provide
loans to public sector service
providers for the promotion of PPPs1st and 2nd National Urban Water
sector reform programme
The main types of private
involvement (also known as
privatisation and PPP) in water service
provision are through: management
and service contracts, leasing, BOTs,
concessions, Joint ventures and
Divestiture
6
River Basins
Organisations
12 River Basins Dev.
Authorities in in
Nigeria


The River basin organisations
(RBOs )deal with the water
resource management issues in
a river basin, a lake basin, or
across an important aquifer.
Their functions vary from
resource management and
planning, to education of basin
communities, Recent
innovation has focused on an
Integrated River Basin
management approach (IRBM),
27
S/N
Stakeholders
Examples
Roles
7
Regulatory
bodies
FMWAWR/
NIWRMC
Functions are determined by
National policy and legislation
Allocation of water rights,
Environmental management
Economic regulation
8
Transboundary
Organisations
Lake Chad
Commission,
River Niger
Basin
Authority
Trans-boundary organisations
provide a framework for
managing water resources
across international boundaries
28
S/N
Stakeholders
Examples
Roles
9
External support
Agencies
Global water
partnership,
European Union,
Water Aid, JICA,
DFID, UNDP,
UNICEF, GEF
Funding support to government and
CSOs
Implementation of model replicable
projects
Support for IWRM implementation,
water sector reforms
Capacity building
10
Legislators
National
Assembly, State
Assemblies, Local
Govt councillors
Make laws
29
A. High interest/
Importance, High
Influence
B. High Interest/
Importance, Low
influence
C. Low Interest/
Importance, High
influence
D. Low Interest/
Importance, Low
influence
30
Level at which function performed.
Functions
Water User
Association
Collect water use
charges
Groundwater monitoring
Make rules on water use
Policing of groundwater
use
Participate in setting
targets S/GW
Settle water disputes
Water Mgmt
Agency
National
Authority
minor
minor


minor




Minor

minor


31

Inadequate attention given to government
agencies as stakeholder.
◦ Functions spread across gvt. agencies;
◦ Objectives differ;
◦ Opportunity to influence other gvt. agencies.
How can we get
government agencies to
work together?
32


Participation can take place at all levels from
the tap to governing bodies.
A finely tuned balance of regulations and
incentives is needed for stakeholder
structures to function.
33
Cap-Net, 2008
34
Government
Stakeholders
ZINWA Board
4 Catchment
chairpersons
ZINWA
Catchment
council
Catchment
manager
Sub catchment council
WUA
WUA
WUA
35
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Are you clear why stakeholders are being
mobilised – and the expected result?
Often just a task to be done because it is in
the work plan.
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the
benefit to them – many may see only
disadvantages.
Information, transparency, negotiation are all
essential.
36

Mechanisms:
◦ Make complex situations understandable;
information is a basis for discussion;
◦ Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility;
◦ Ensure all stakeholders are represented;
◦ Where necessary, establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
37
Water Policy
GOVERNMENT
Water Act
Parliament
Inter Ministerial
Committee (IMC)
Regulations
Stakeholders
RBC
Water Info.
& Planning
Groundwater table
Water Police
Existing
User
Developer
Case 1: Addressing
Groundwater conflict
Groundwater depletion ?
38
Water Policy
GOVERNMENT
Water Act
Parliament
Inter Ministerial
Committee (IMC)
Permit
Regulations
Water Police
RBC
Water Info.
& Planning
Stakeholders
CASE 2: ADDRESSING WATER POLLUTION
39
Water Policy
GOVERNMENT
Water Act
Parliament
Inter Ministerial
Committee (IMC)
Permit
Regulations
Water Police
RBC
Water Info.
& Planning
Stakeholders
CASE 3: ADDRESSING UPSTREAM-DOWNSTREAM CONFLICT
40
41
The HJKY Basin:
NGURU
HADEJIA
JIGAWA STATE
KANO STATE
R.Hadejia
R. K’ Hausa
R.Yobe
GASHUA
Hadejia-Nguru
Wetlands
KATAGUM
Hadejia Valley
Irrigation Project
YOBE STATE
R.Kano
R. Katagum
KANO
Challawa
Gorge Dam
DUTSE
R. Jama’are
Kano River
Irrigation Project
Tiga Dam
Kafin Zaki Dam
(proposed)
BORNO
STATE
BAUCHI
STATE
2
GOMBE
STATE
Promotion of IWRM in the HJKYB
BAUCHI
= Sites of proposed intervention at
basin and wetlands level resp.
JOS
42
NGURU
GASHUA
JIGAWA STATE
HADEJIA
Harbo & Hantsu
wetlands
KANO STATE
Hadejia Valley
Irrigation Project
R.Hadejia
R.Yobe
GEIDAM
YOBE STATE
Hadejia-Nguru
wetlands
DAMATURU
R. Katagum
KANO
Challawa
Gorge Dam
KATAGUM
Dumus
wetlands
DUTSE
Kano River
Irrigation
Project
Tiga Dam
Gantsa
BORNO STATE
BAUCHI STATE
STATE
R. Jama’are
Kafin Zaki
Dam
(proposed)
ands
GOMBE STATE
BAUCHI
JOS
43



Basin (HJKYB) drains a catchment of
approximately 84,000 km2 in northeast
Nigeria (Figure 1). Located between latitude
9o 48 to 13o 30 north and longitude 7o 30
to 14o 30 East.
Covering six states (Borno, Yobe, Jigawa,
Bauchi Kano and Plateau).
Over 15 million people are supported by the
basin through agriculture, fishing, livestock
keeping and water supply.
44


These wetlands support a wide range of
ecological processes and economic activities
which sustain (directly or indirectly) the
livelihoods of over 7 million people.
These activities include, agriculture,
pastoralism, fishing, wild resources collection
and tourism potential. The wetlands also host
biodiversity of global significance.
45





Within the Hadejia river system, the natural pattern
of runoff has been modified by the construction of
large scale irrigation schemes and the associated
dams.
Most notably the Kano Irrigation Scheme (KRIP)
Tiga
Challawa dams and
The Hadejia valley irrigation project (HVP). The
Jama’are river is uncontrolled as plans to construct
a dam at Kafin Zaki have been put on halt.
46
•Hydrological:
•spatial and temporal variability
•recurring and prolonged droughts
•increasing desertification
•Socio-economic:
•high and rapid growing population
•increasing urbanisation
•increasing poverty
•inefficient agricultural/irrigation practices
•Environmental:
•degraded water courses leading to flooding
•water pollution & infestation of destructive aquatic weeds
•excessive and uncontrolled groundwater exploitation
•poor environmental sanitation and hygiene practices
47
•Institutional:
•poor & fragmented watershed management (role definition)
•inadequate coordination (horizontally/vertically)
•policy inconsistency
•inadequate stakeholder participation
•insufficient hydro-meteorological information
•Financial:
•irrational pricing policies for raw/treated water
•Lack of transparency and accountability
•inadequate financing for watershed protection
•inadequate financing for data management
•Transboundary Waters:
•Intra states river systems
•downstream of Lake Chad
•growing concern: LCBC, NNJC
•Regional efforts weak
48
Resource
Users
Stakeholders in HJKYB
Stakeholder
Groups
Resource User Groups:
Traditional Councils
Farmers groups
Cattle Rearers Association
Water Users Associations
Fadama Users Associations
Fishermen Associations
49
Resource
Users
Stakeholders in HJKYB
Stakeholder
Groups
B.
Government Agencies:

Federal & State of:











MWR, MARD,
MEnv., MoH,
MoE, MoInf., MoJust.
RBDAs (2 nos)
SWAs (5 nos)
RWSSAs (5 nos)
SEPAs (5 nos)
ADPs (5 nos)
LGAs (149 nos)
NEMA
NEAZDP
50
Resource
Users
Stakeholders in HJKYB
Stakeholder
Groups
C.
Legislative Houses

NA Committees on:



SA Committees on:



WR, Env., Agric.,
Educ., Health
WR, Env., Agric.,
Educ., Health
LG Legislative Councils
51
Resource
Users
Stakeholders in HJKYB
Stakeholder
Groups
D.
CB & Research Institutions





NWRI
Universities (3 nos.)
Polytechnics (5 nos.)
LCRI
IAR
52
Resource
Users
Stakeholders in HJKYB
Stakeholder
Groups
F.
Media Organisations


Media
Organisations

Print Media
Electronic Media
(radio, t.v.)
53
Resource
Users
Stakeholders in HJKYB
Stakeholder
Groups
E.
NGOs & CBOs
WaterAid, NCF,
SCF
Media
Organisations

54
Resource
Users
Stakeholders in HJKYB
Stakeholder
Groups
G.
ESAs & Donor Sponsored
Projects
Media
Organisations


DFID, GEF, UNICEF, EU,
WB, AfDB
JWL, WANI, HNWCP,
55
Resource
Users
Stakeholders in HJKYB
Stakeholder
Groups
H.
Regional
Organisations
Media
Organisations


LCBC
NNJC
56
Framework for Appropriate Institutional
Arrangements
Institutional requirements
1. Stakeholders involved in decision making;
2. Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries;
3. Organizational structures at basin and sub-basin
levels to enable decision making at the lowest
appropriate level;
4. Government to co-ordinate the national
management of water resources across water use
sectors.
57
Framework for Appropriate Institutional
Arrangements (Cont’d)
River Basin Organization






The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for the
management of natural resources;
A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate institution
to translate IWRM concept into action;
River basin organizations should be managed through
interdisciplinary approaches;
The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken into
account in developing IWRM plans;
The RBO should be responsible for coordinating development
and allocation of water resources as well as regulating
utilization according to the developed IWRM plans;
Relationship between the river basin organization and political
and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot
work in isolation.
58

Achievement of effective participation and
cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all
levels and across sectors would be by:
1. anchoring the coordination at the highest apex level
2. creating coordination bodies at the river basin level
3. devolving responsibility to the lowest appropriate
level
4. developing human and institutional capacity
59
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in
HJKYB
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Development and Review of Policies, Legislations, etc.
Reactivate, strengthen and support Coordinating
Bodies
Establish and Support State IWRM Committees
Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM
Secure Political Commitment and Popular Support
for IWRM
Assess Availability, Demand and Uses of Water
Resources
Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
60
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
HJKYB
Trust Fund
FMWR
KYB TAC/CC
Joint SIWRM
Map of the HJKY
Basin
Secretariat
NIGER REPUBLIC
DIFFA
Hadejia-Nguru
Wetlands
GASHUA
NGURU
KATSINA
STATE
JIGAWA
HADEJIA
RiverHadejia
STATE
KANO STATE
Kano
SIWRMC KANO
Challawa
Gorge
Dam
HJKYB-SCF
JAC/JCC
Borno
MAIDUGURI
SIWRMC
R.Jama’are
R.Komadugu
River
Jama’ar
Kafin Zaki
e Dam
CDA
Tiga
Dam
Yobe
SIWRMC
DAMATURU
Irrigation Project
R.Katagum
KanoJigawa
River
Irrigation
Project
SIWRMC
Lake Chad
GEIDAM
KYB
WDI
Barrage
Hadejia
KATAGUM
R.Hadejia
Hadejia Valley
CDA
DUTSE
KADUNA
STATE
R.Yobe
River
YobeDAMASAK
CDA
YOBE
STATE
BORNO
STATE
(proposed)
N
50km
0
10
20
30
40
50
PLATEAU
STATE
Plateau
JOS
SIWRMC
BAUCHI
STATE
Bauchi
BAUCHI
SIWRMC
GOMBE
STATE
ADAMAWA
STATE
CAMEROON
REPUBLIC
61



Despite their importance to ecosystem, the
maintenance of soil fertility, regional ground water
recharge function, drought fall-back mechanism
and their immense contributions to the national
economy, the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is
being undermined by
Increasing threats.
Poor water management, accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions,
fragmented regulatory responsibilities, growing
water demands, inequitable access to water
resources and many more have been implicated.
62

The impacts of these threats have resulted
into irregular flow of water in the wetlands.
Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too
much and too little) have led to siltation of
channels and increased proliferation of typha
grass leading to loss of farm lands, grazing
lands, fish and fisheries and increased
resources use conflicts and poverty among
communities.
63

The proposed flow proportioning structure,
discussed in this paper and for which the DFIDJWL project is catalysing the process through
stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study,
will apportion water between the Marma,
Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping
to regulate flow between these rivers. This will
subsequently make provisions for the control
of typha grass, liberate farmlands, grazing
lands and improve fish catches. This will help
to improve the local economy, reduce resource
use conflicts and hence reduce poverty.
64

The process to be followed in arriving at the
construction of the flow proportioning structure
will also demonstrate how to construct similar
structures in the basin and, in fact, in other basins
across the country and elsewhere. The process will
also demonstrate how to get various agencies
(across tiers and sectors of government) to
coordinate their activities. Lack of coordination of
government agencies has often been a major
impediment to the development progress in
Nigeria today.
65
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway, Sept 05
4
Priority Issues & Options
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway, Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani, Abandoned August 05
67
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit, since August 04
The Road to Daba Magani, Abandoned August 05
68
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit, since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area, Sept 05
69
Cereal blockage
Typha
crop production
of the Burumgana,
on upland farms
cleared
in the
March
Banbori
05 area, Sept 05
70
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
IWRM Advocacy Planning
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
71
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs, lead by Hon. Dr. Ahmed I. Lawan, Chairman House Committee on Agric,
on their fact finding tour of the HNWs & KYB
3
Subsequent Developments
72




The river takes its source from the Kangimi in
the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam
Flows for 200km and discharge finally to river
Niger.
73

Serves as a source for:
◦
◦
◦
◦
Drinking water
Irrigation
Industrial water supply
Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
74




Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries,
Breweries, oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles, Asbestos products,
Fertilizers company, Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery, Automobile
Plant, Bottling companies, Tower Aluminium
products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) Brewery/Beverage
industry, Food products, Flour mills, Glass factory,
Batteries, Plastic products and farming.
75

Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reported
COD
50 tons/day
BOD
16tons/day
Total Solid
50 tons/day
Suspended solid
10 tons/day
Toxic metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd) 140 kg/day
Flow 2000m3 /s – 8m3
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88





Water supply
Farmers (Irrigation, fishing & livestock)
Industries (Water use, Effluent discharge)
Government Agencies
Upstream versus downstream
89
National example of stakeholders
90
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The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within
semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zone.
Established to cope with the problems of
Aridity
Rainfall variability
Lack of food self-sufficiency
Storage capacity of 450million m3
91
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Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50,000 people
Grow rice and sorghum (wet season)
Vegetable crops (dry season)
92
93
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Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from
the dam.
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13,000 people
Dam is 5.5 km long earthfill structure with a
360m long and 48m high concrete central
section.
35,000 hectares only 23,000 hectares
developed.
94
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Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria
National needs and interest
Farmers needs
Foreign interests
Downstream impact
◦ Before the dam was built 50,000 people made their
living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad
and 120km long floodplain downstream
95
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Evaporation losses from reservoir
Dam altered the pattern of the natural runoff
of the Sokoto River.
Dam partly closed and released
Agriculture and fisheries affected
96
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Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991)
Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation.
During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme, farmers on site were not
allowed to cultivate.
97
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Demand compensation over loss of land,
homes and economically valuable trees.
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate
their interest.
Peaceful demostration to rebellion
Attempt to stop construction
Anarchy and disruptive result
98
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Compensation issues delayed due to
◦ What is right compensation
◦ Assessment of economic trees
◦ Identifying the rightful owners of the land
• Finally deployed riot-police
• April 1980 386 protesting farmers were killed.
99
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Dialogue and Negotiation
Compensation
Local Communities more involved
Management of Water resources
Land allocation
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0
Regional example of stakeholders
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1
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As a regional organization, LCBC has a
mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict
resolution in Africa.
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a
vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the
Haque in 2000.(Participartory) manner.
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2
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Basin constitute the largest fresh water
resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria,
Chad, Central African Republic population of
20,036,000 people.
Within greater basin Sudan, Congo Brazaville
and Libya
The conventional basin approx. 967,000 km2
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3
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Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin
Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria, Niger,
Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute
Lake Chad basin Authority
Launch the International Campaign to save
Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of
State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in
March 1994.
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
10
4
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Poverty
Food
Information
Stakeholder participation
Population growth
Urbanization
Areas of conflicts
10
5
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Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas
and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon,
Sodelac in Chad, Nigeria South Chad irrigation
scheme.
Formation of spirals of Degradation
over-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and
over exploitation of aquifers through
indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers.
Increased competition between production
activities leading to conflicts. Stock
breeders/farmers; fishermen/farmers.
Threat to environment
10
6
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Persistent drought, desertification and poor
management of water resources. Aquifer depletion
and low water table and deterioration of water
quantity and quality.
Drastic reduction in size and content
25,000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3,000sqkm by
2006.
Decline in bio-diversity and increase vulnerability
to erosion and poverty.
Lack of integrated usage and management of water
resources by member countries.
Large dams upstream without due regards to
ecosystems downstream and end users.
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7
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Inadequate system for monitoring the
quantity and quality of water. Early warning
system and preservation measures.
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable
means of livelihood for 20 million people.
Drought affected agricultural production.
Use of chemicals for fishing
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8
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Prohibitive costs of operation and
maintenance give rise to abandonment of
large scale irrigation schemes.
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources
of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts. Farmers
versus Pastoralists, member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the
Lake Chad ecosystems.
10
9
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0
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Socio-economic problems + drought
desertification results into conflicts.
Grazers and arable farmers
Intrar-state conflicts (Kano,Borono, Jigawa,
Yobe, and Bauchi
Reduce flows
Change ecosystem
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2
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Severe drought and desertification a war
broke out between Nigeria and Chad over
emerging Islands in 1983.
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July
1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and
Demarcation)
11
3
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Border demarcation exercise approved by
Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th
Summit held in N’Djamena on 28th and 29th
October 1987.
Contributed equally the sum of 312,884,000
FCFA needed for the job. (Territories of
Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria and Chad in Lake
Chad).
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4
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Regular consultations
Water and management laws and action plans
Better application of the principles if IWRM by
all stakeholders.
Good education and public awareness on all
issues concerning the management of the
Basin.
Research and studies.
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5
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The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that
the N/P 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP
principles to achieve sufficiency, safety,
sustainability, effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better
water resources management and improved
socio-economic development of Nigeria.
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6
Thank
you
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7