DIGESTION
SECT.29  P.6769
DIGESTION
 PROCESS THAT BREAKS DOWN FOOD
2 T YPES OF DIGESTION
 1. INTRACELLULARWITHIN THE
CELL
 EXAMPLESPLANTS, PARAMECIUM
(PROTISTS)
 *ENZYMES BREAK DOWN FOOD INTO
SMALL MOLECULES THE CELL CAN USE
 2.EXTRACELLULAROUTSIDE THE
CELL
 EXAMPLEANIMALS
 *ENZYMES ARE SECRETED INTO A
DIGESTIVE CAVITY WHERE FOOD IS
BROKEN DOWN AND THE NUTRIENTS
ARE PASSED TO CELLS
2 T YPES OF ANIMAL SYSTEMS
 1. INCOMPLETE DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
 *ONE OPENING (MOUTH OR
ORAL CAVITY)
 EXAMPLE  STARFISH
 2.COMPLETE DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
 *TWO OPENINGS (MOUTH
AND ANUS)
 EXAMPLE  HUMAN
2 PARTS TO DIGESTION
 1. PHYSICAL
LARGE PIECES ARE BROKEN
INTO SMALLER ONES
ALSO KNOWN AS MECHANICAL
 2. CHEMICAL
BREAKING DOWN OF COMPLEX
MOLECULES INTO SMALLER
ONES
INCLUDING CARBOHYDRATES,
PROTEINS AND LIPIDS
THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
P.69-73
(SEE
CHART
P.71)
1. MOUTH (ORAL
CAVIT Y)
 INGESTION OF FOOD
 PHYSICAL DIGESTION
 BEGINNING OF CARBOHYDRATE
DIGESTION (SALIVARY
AMYLASE FROM THE SALIVARY
GLANDS)
2. ESOPHAGUS
 TUBE OFF THE PHARYNX THAT
CONTRACTS (THIS
CONTRACTION IS CALLED
PERISTALSIS) TO PUSH FOOD
TO STOMACH
3. EPIGLOTTIS
 FLAP TO COVER TRACHEA OR
AIRWAY
4. STOMACH
 BREAKS DOWN FOOD INTO A
PASTE-LIKE CONSISTENCY
 CONTAINS HYDROCHLORIC ACID
(pH NEAR 2)
 HORMONE GASTRIN IS
PRODUCED TO STIMULATE ACID
PRODUCTION
 SECRETES PEPSIN (ACTIVE FORM
OF PEPSINOGEN) TO BEGIN
PROTEIN DIGESTION
 MUCUS LINING FOR PROTECTION
 SORES CALLED ULCERS CAN
FORM
5. PANCREAS
 PRODUCES PANCREATIC JUICE
TO MAKE THE SMALL
INTESTINE BASIC (pH NEAR 8)
 RELEASES THE ENZYMES
PANCREATIC AMYLASE
(CARBS), TRYPSIN (PROTEINS),
LIPASE (LIPIDS) INTO THE
SMALL INTESTINES
6. LIVER
 PRODUCES BILE TO EMULSIFY
(BREAKDOWN FROM LARGE TO
SMALL) LIPIDS
7. GALL BLADDER
 STORES BILE
 GALLSTONES CAN FORM HERE
8. SMALL INTESTINE
 NUTRIENT ABSORPTION OF
DIGESTIVE END PRODUCTS
(MONOMERS) INTO THE BLOOD
THROUGH STRUCTURES
CALLED VILLI
 BASIC ENVIRONMENT
 pH NEAR 8
 HORMONE PRODUCED IS
SECRETIN (WHICH STIMULATES
THE PANCREAS TO SECRETE
PANCREATIC JUICE)
9. LARGE INTESTINE
 WATER ABSORPTION
 WASTE FOR EGESTION
(REMOVAL)
DIGESTION TEST FORMAT
 28 MULTIPLE CHOICE
(WITH 7 DIGESTION
DIAGRAMS)
 4 ORGAN
IDENTIFICATION
 4 SHORT ANSWER (1
PT. EACH)
 3 BONUS SHORT
ANSWER (1 PT. EACH)
 TOTAL VALUE  36
POINTS
 WHAT TO STUDY
 NOTES (INCLUDING HUMAN
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ORGAN
OUTLINE)
 EARTHWORM/BIRD HANDOUT
 DIGESTION DIAGRAM
HANDOUTS (CARBS, PROTEINS
AND LIPIDS)
 BODY DIAGRAM HANDOUT
 HW QUESTIONS
 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS