Biology I Mid-Term Examination – Review Exercises – Unit 4
Complete the following exercises with a partner to prepare for the upcoming examination. These may be
collected at the end of the class period.
1-3. List the three parts of the modern cell theory.
1. Cells are the basic units of living things.
2. All living things are composed of cells.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division.
Match the statement in Column A with the scientist in Column B.
Column A
Column B
__ B__ 4. developed the first useful compound light microscope
A. Robert Hooke
__A__ 5. used the term ‘cells’ to describe the compartments that
he saw in cork because they reminded him of the
rooms in a monastery
B. Anton von Leeuwenhoek
__E__ 6. stated that all animals are made of cells
D. Rudolf Virchow
__C__ 7. stated that all plants are made of cells
E. Theodor Schwann
C. Matthias Schleiden
__D__ 8. stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells
through the process of cell division
Label the parts of the compound light microscope.
eyepiece
arm
nosepiece
low power objective
high power objective
stage clips
stage
coarse focus
adjustment
diaphragm
fine focus
adjustment
light source
base
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21. How do you determine the total magnification of a compound light microscope?
The total magnification of the a compound light microscope is determined by multiplying the
magnification of the eyepiece lens by the magnification of whatever objective lens is being used.
22. List the four systems of the compound light microscope. What parts of the microscope belong to each
system?
Microscope System
Parts of this Microscope System
light system
light source & diaphragm
focusing system
fine & coarse focus adjustments
lens system
eyepiece, nosepiece, and objectives
stage system
stage & stage clips
23. How does the orientation of the image of an object viewed under a compound light microscope differ
from the actual orientation of the object?
Objects viewed under a compound light microscopes appear upside down and backward as compared
to their actual orientation on the slide.
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24. Use the Venn diagram to compare and contrast compound light microscopes and electron
microscopes.
Compound Light
Microscopes
Use light to make
an image.
Can magnify
objects up to
1,000 x
Electron Microscopes
Can be used to look at
specimens that are
dead.
Allow scientists to
investigate things
that are very small.
Use electrons to
produce an image.
Can magnify
objects up to
35,000 times.
Specimens must
be dead and
fixed with heavy
metals.
Objects viewed
must be thin, but
can be living or dead.
25. The smallest unit of life capable of carrying out all the functions of life is called a cell.
Complete the chart.
Prokaryotes
26. Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles.
Eukaryotes
Both

27. Are typically larger

28. Are believed to have been the first type of cells to arise on

arise on the Earth
29. Have ribosomes

30. Are surrounded by a plasma membrane

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Match each cell part in Column A with its description in Column B.
Column A
__D__ 31. chromatin
__A__ 32. cytoplasm
__H_ 33. cytoskeleton
__F__ 34. Golgi apparatus
__J__ 35. lysosomes
__C__ 36. mitochondria
__G__ 37. nucleus
__I__ 38. nucleolus
__E__ 39. ribosomes
__B__ 40. rough ER
Column B
A. water, organic compounds, and all of the organelles except the
nucleus
B. “conveyor belt” of the cell that has ribosomes attached
C. power plant
D. “blueprints” that carry the cell’s genetic code
E. two part organelle that manufactures proteins
F. flat, membrane-bound organelles that sort, modify, package,
and distribute cell products
G. control center of the cell
H. network of tubes and fibers that transport materials, anchor
organelles, and maintain the shape of the cell
I. location in the nucleus where ribosomes are made
J. digests cell wastes, unwanted organelles, and cell toxins
41. List three organelles found in plant cells, but not in animal cells.
cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplast (plastid)
42. What is meant by the term ‘dynamic equilibrium?’
Dynamic equilibrium refers to when the concentration of diffusing particles is uniform throughout an
area and there are no longer areas of high or low concentration. Diffusion has effectively stopped;
however, Brownian motion continues.
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Match each term with the correct definition by writing the correct letter on the lines provided.
Column A
Column B
43.___G___
Diffusion of water molecules across a
semipermeable membrane
A. active transport
44.___H___
Movement of a substance across a cell membrane
without the use of energy.
B. carrier proteins
45.___A___
Transport of a substance across a cell membrane
requiring the use of energy
C. concentration gradient
46.___F___
Process in which wastes are expelled and cell
products are secreted out of a cell through the
plasma membrane
D. diffusion
47.___B___
Special protein in the plasma membrane that
helps specific molecules diffuse
E. endocytosis
48.___D___
Random movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration
F. exocytosis
49.___E___
Form of active transport in which a portion of the
plasma membrane surrounds particles and moves
them into the cell
G. osmosis
50.___C___
Difference between the concentration of a
molecule in one area and its concentration in a
neighboring area
H. passive transport
Read each situation. Tell whether the solution in bold is isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic.
Solution
51. Spraying plants with a solution that contains too high a
concentration of fertilizer might cause them to dry out and die.
52. Patients undergoing surgery are given a 0.9% saline
(saltwater) solution in their IV.
hypertonic
isotonic
53. One of the oldest methods of preserving foods is to pack them in
saline solutions, which kill the bacteria that cause foods to
spoil.
hypertonic
54. Florists store fresh flowers in cold water to help the flowers
keep their original appearance.
hypotonic
55. Organisms that live in seawater have specialized mechanisms
that prevent them from becoming dehydrated.
hypertonic
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56. Name TWO transport processes that require the cell to use special transport proteins.
Active transport and facilitated diffusion both require special transport proteins.
57. Name THREE transport process that do not require a cell to use its ATP energy.
Transport processes that do not require the cells energy are passive transport processes. Three types
of passive transport processes are simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
58. Crying, the secretion of saline solution by the tear ducts, is an example of what bulk movement
process?
Pinocytosis
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