5 minute check
April 21, 2014
Answer the following questions
1. List all the weather tools we learned on
Friday and what are they used for.
10.1 - The student will demonstrate how the sun’s energy and the earth’s tilt cause the
10.2 - The student will explain the relative length of days and nights in different seasons.
10.10 - The student will distinguish between rotation and revolution.
10.13 - The student will describe how gravity affects relationships between celestial
objects.
• Activity! Looking at local and national
Doppler Radar images of out weather.
– http://www.findlocalweather.com/
5 minute check
April 22, 2014
Answer the following questions
1. How old is the Earth?
2. Did the Earth always look the same?
3. How do you think the moon formed?
10.1 - The student will demonstrate how the sun’s energy and the earth’s tilt cause the
10.2 - The student will explain the relative length of days and nights in different seasons.
10.10 - The student will distinguish between rotation and revolution.
10.13 - The student will describe how gravity affects relationships between celestial objects.
Earth’s Physical Properties
Diameter (pole to pole)
7,900 miles
Diameter (equator)
7,937 miles
Circumference (poles)
24,860 miles
Circumference (equator)
24,902 miles
Mass
Average density
5973600000000000000000000 kg
5.9736 x 1024
5540 kg/m3
Average distance from the sun
150 million kilometers
Period of ration relative to stars
(1day)
Solar Day
24 hours
23 hr, 56 min and 4.1 sec
Period of revolution (1 year)
365.242199 days
Earth may look perfectly spherical from space, like a giant marble,
but it actually isn't!
Instead, our planet is wider around the equator because matter is
forced out as Earth spins (just as you feel you are pushed right
when your car turns fast to the left). We call this centrifugal force.
The Earth does not stay the same shape however, and scientists
have been watching Earth's equator as it shrinks and grows!
It actually takes the Earth 365.242199 days to completely
rotate around the sun, that’s why we have to have leap year
every 4 years!
What would happen if we did not have leap year?
It was!!!
Theories on moon formation, Learn more:
http://www.universetoday.com/47996/howwas-the-moon-formed/
Five serious theories have been proposed for the formation of the Moon
(not counting the one involving the moon made out of cheese)
The Fission Theory: The Moon was once part of the
Earth and somehow separated from the Earth early in
the history of the Solar System. The present Pacific
Ocean basin is the most popular site for the part of the
Earth from which the Moon came.
The Capture Theory: The Moon was formed
somewhere else, and was later captured by the
gravitational field of the Earth.
Five serious theories have been proposed for the formation of the Moon
(not counting the one involving the moon made out of cheese)
The Condensation Theory: The Moon and the Earth condensed
together from the original nebula that formed the Solar System.
The Colliding Planetesimals Theory: The interaction of earthorbiting and Sun-orbiting planetesimals (very large chunks of rocks
like asteroids) early in the history of the Solar System led to their
breakup. The Moon condensed from this debris.
The Ejected Ring Theory: A planetesimal the size of Mars struck the
earth, ejecting large volumes of matter. A disk of orbiting material
was formed, and this matter eventually condensed to form the
Moon in orbit around the Earth.
The Ejected Ring Theory or
sometimes called the The
Giant Impactor Theory
• Video Link! Formation of the moon.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibV4MdN5wo0
• Video Link! Formation of the Moon
– Longer Version
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8P5ujNwEwM
5 minute check
April 23, 2014
Answer the following questions
1. How many theories are there on how the
moon formed?
2. What theory is most believed, explain that
theory?
10.1 - The student will demonstrate how the sun’s energy and the earth’s tilt cause the
10.2 - The student will explain the relative length of days and nights in different seasons.
10.10 - The student will distinguish between rotation and revolution.
10.13 - The student will describe how gravity affects relationships between celestial objects.

23.5°

Since we are on an angle this causes us to
have seasons. If we did not have a tilt we
would have the same climate year round.
Solstice: The longest and shortest days of the year
-the days when the sun is furthest from the Equator
-December 21st is the shortest day of the year
-June 21st is the longest day of the year
Equinox: The two days each year when the sun is
directly overhead at the equator.
- The beginning of autumn and spring
-Approximately March 20-21 and September 21-22.
• Many college students think the earth is
closer to the sun in the summer.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Many college students think the earth is
closer to the sun in the summer.
WRONG! The earth is further away.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The earths orbit is elliptical.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The earths orbit is elliptical.
152,400,000 km
147,600,000 km
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The earths orbit is elliptical.
152,400,000 km
147,600,000 km
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The earths orbit is elliptical.
152,400,000 km
147,600,000 km
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The earths orbit is elliptical.
152,400,000 km
147,600,000 km
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The Sun
Closer in
the Winter
The Sun Is
The Sun
further away
in summer
Closer in
the Winter
More Direct
More Direct
Less Direct
Winter
More Direct
Less Direct
Glancing
Winter
Summer
More Direct
Less Direct
Glancing
• The axial tilt causes the sun to be lower in the
sky.
• The axial tilt causes the sun to be lower in the
sky.
– The length of the day is also shorter during winter
in the Northern hemisphere.
• Why are Alaska and Canada cold places?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• On what latitudes are the warmest
temperatures on Earth?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• On what latitudes are the warmest
temperatures on Earth? Oº degrees
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• At what latitudes is the temperature
coolest on the earth?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• At what latitudes is the temperature
coolest on the earth?
From 90º N and S
to 45º N and S
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• At what latitudes is the temperature
coolest on the earth?
From 90º N and S
to 45º N and S
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Video Link! (Optional) Hank explains the
history of climate.
– Preview for language.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC_2WXyORGA
• Activity Link! Watch video and conduct activity
if desired. (Optional)
– http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/video/2012/no
v/02/science-demonstration-changing-seasonsvideo1
• Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year
(winter solstice) or the longest day of the year
(summer solstice)
• Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year
(winter solstice) or the longest day of the year
(summer solstice)
What date has the
shortest day?
• Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year
(winter solstice) or the longest day of the year
(summer solstice)
What date has the
shortest day?
• Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year
(winter solstice) or the longest day of the year
(summer solstice)
What date has the
shortest day?
• The winter solstice
• The winter solstice
• The winter solstice is the moment when the
earth is at a point in its orbit where one
hemisphere is most inclined away from the
sun.
• The winter solstice is the moment when the
earth is at a point in its orbit where one
hemisphere is most inclined away from the
sun.
– Shortest day and longest night of the year
(Around December 21st)
• Diagram showing Stonehenge at the
beginning of the summer solstice.
24 sec video at..
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYyydFSrq2Q
• Diagram showing Stonehenge at the
beginning of the summer solstice.
–
• Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year
(winter solstice) or the longest day of the year
(summer solstice)
What date do you
feel has the longest
day of the year?
• Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year
(winter solstice) or the longest day of the year
(summer solstice)
What date do you
feel has the longest
day of the year?
Summer solstice is
when axial tilt is
most inclined
towards the sun
(June 21st ish)
• Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year
(winter solstice) or the longest day of the year
(summer solstice)
What date do you
feel has the longest
day of the year?
Summer solstice is
when axial tilt is
most inclined
towards the sun
(June 21st ish)
• Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year
(winter solstice) or the longest day of the year
(summer solstice)
What date do you
feel has the longest
day of the year?
Summer solstice is
when axial tilt is
most inclined
towards the sun
(June 21st ish)
• This is a 2,300 year old solar observatory in
Peru.
• This is a 2,300 year old solar observatory in
Peru.
• This is a 2,300 year old solar observatory in
Peru.
• Video Link! Winter Solstice at Newgrange in
Ireland (Optional)
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngADMns8W78
• Is this a winter solstice or summer solstice
in the Northern Hemisphere?
• Is this a winter solstice or summer solstice
in the Northern Hemisphere?
• Is this a winter solstice or summer solstice
in the Northern Hemisphere?
• Is this a winter solstice or summer solstice
in the Northern Hemisphere?
• Which is winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere and which is summer solstice?
• Which is winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere and which is summer solstice?
• Which is winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere and which is summer solstice?
• Which is winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere and which is summer solstice?
• Which is winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere and which is summer solstice?
• Which is winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere and which is summer solstice?
• Different parts of the world have seasons
at different months of the year.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• This is a ski resort in New Zealand during
our summer?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Equinox: Either of the two times each year
(about March 21 and September 23) when
the sun crosses the equator.
• Equinox: Either of the two times each year
(about March 21 and September 23) when
the sun crosses the equator.
– Day and night are everywhere on earth equal in
length.
• Equinox: When the sun crosses the celestial
equator, when day and night are of equal
length
• Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere, and which is summer solstice?
• Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere, and which is summer solstice?
• Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere, and which is summer solstice?
• Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere, and which is summer solstice?
• Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere, and which is summer solstice?
• Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere, and which is summer solstice?
• Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere, and which is summer solstice?
• Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere, and which is summer solstice?
• Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere, and which is summer solstice?
• Which letter is the winter solstice, equinox,
and which is the summer solstice?
• Which letter is the winter solstice, equinox,
and which is the summer solstice?
• Which letter is the winter solstice, equinox,
and which is the summer solstice?
• Which letter is the winter solstice, equinox,
and which is the summer solstice?
• Which letter is the winter solstice, equinox,
and which is the summer solstice?
• Which letter is the winter solstice, equinox,
and which is the summer solstice?
• Which letter is the winter solstice, equinox,
and which is the summer solstice?
West
South
North
East
West
South
North
East
Dec 21st
West
South
North
East
March 21
Dec 21st
West
South
North
East
June 21
March 21
Dec 21st
West
South
North
East
June 21
March 21
Dec 21st
Winter Solstice
West
South
North
East
Summer Solstice
June 21
March 21
Dec 21st
Winter Solstice
West
South
North
East
Summer Solstice
June 21
March 21
Dec 21st
Winter Solstice
West
South
North
East
Summer Solstice
June 21
March 21
Dec 21st
Winter Solstice
West
South
North
East
Summer Solstice
June 21
March 21
Dec 21st
Winter Solstice
West
South
North
East
Summer Solstice
June 21
March 21
Dec 21st
Winter Solstice
West
South
North
East
Zenith: The point on the celestial sphere
vertically above a given position or
observer.
Spring
Equinox
Summer Solstice
June 21
March 21
Dec 21st
Winter Solstice
West
South
North
East
Zenith: The point on the celestial sphere
vertically above a given position or
observer.
Spring
Equinox
Summer Solstice
June 21
March 21
Dec 21st
Winter Solstice
West
South
North
East
Zenith: The point on the celestial sphere
vertically above a given position or
observer.
Spring
Equinox
Summer Solstice
June 21
March 21
Dec 21st
Winter Solstice
West
South
North
East
Zenith: The point on the celestial sphere
vertically above a given position or
observer.
Name the
season for
Mr. Pink
Name the
season for
Mr. Pink
Name the
season for
Mr. Pink
Name the
season for
Mr. Pink
Name the
season for
Mr. Pink
Name the
season for
Mr. Pink
Name the
season for
Mr. Pink
Name the
season for
Mr. Pink
Name the
season for
Mr. Pink
Northern Hemisphere
More direct light
More direct light
More direct light
More direct light
More direct light
More direct light
More direct light
More direct light
More direct light

The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees
Summer = Northern Hemisphere is
tilted into more direct light.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees
Summer = Northern Hemisphere is
tilted into more direct light.
Winter = Northern Hemisphere tilts
away from the direct light.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees
Summer = Northern Hemisphere is
tilted into more direct light.
Winter = Northern Hemisphere tilts
away from the direct light.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees
Summer = Northern Hemisphere is
tilted into more direct light.
Winter = Northern Hemisphere tilts
away from the direct light.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees
Summer = Northern Hemisphere is
tilted into more direct light.
Winter = Northern Hemisphere tilts
away from the direct light.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees
Summer = Northern Hemisphere is
tilted into more direct light.
Winter = Northern Hemisphere tilts
away from the direct light.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees
Summer = Northern Hemisphere is
tilted into more direct light.
Winter = Northern Hemisphere tilts
away from the direct light.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees
Summer = Northern Hemisphere is
tilted into more direct light.
Winter = Northern Hemisphere tilts
away from the direct light.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees
Summer = Northern Hemisphere is
tilted into more direct light.
Winter = Northern Hemisphere tilts
away from the direct light.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees
Summer = Northern Hemisphere is
tilted into more direct light.
Winter = Northern Hemisphere tilts
away from the direct light.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Seasons simulator (Optional) and Quiz
– http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/007299181x/student_view0/chapter
2/seasons_interactive.html
• The season are caused by three factors.
• The season are caused by three factors.
1.) Revolution of Earth around the Sun.
• The season are caused by three factors.
1.) Revolution of Earth around the Sun.
2.) Tilt of the Earths axis
• The season are caused by three factors.
1.) Revolution of Earth around the Sun.
2.) Tilt of the Earths axis
3.) Parallelism of the axis.
• The season are caused by three factors.
1.) Revolution of Earth around the Sun.
2.) Tilt of the Earths axis
3.) Parallelism of the axis.
• The season are caused by three factors.
1.) Revolution of Earth around the Sun.
2.) Tilt of the Earths axis
3.) Parallelism of the axis.
• Video Link! What causes the seasons?
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NweLxtmnzv4
5 minute check
April 24, 2014
Answer the following questions
1. What is the difference between?
Rotation
Revolution
Orbit
10.1 - The student will demonstrate how the sun’s energy and the earth’s tilt cause the
10.2 - The student will explain the relative length of days and nights in different seasons.
10.10 - The student will distinguish between rotation and revolution.
10.13 - The student will describe how gravity affects relationships between celestial objects.

Worksheet Reinforcement Section 1
5 minute check
April 25, 2014
Answer the following questions
1. Is the Earth wider top to bottom or around
the equator, why?
2. When are we closest in our obit to the
sun?
10.1 - The student will demonstrate how the sun’s energy and the earth’s tilt cause the
10.2 - The student will explain the relative length of days and nights in different seasons.
10.10 - The student will distinguish between rotation and revolution.
10.13 - The student will describe how gravity affects relationships between celestial objects.