1
CH 4 Notes
I. Earth’s Motions
A. Axis _____________________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________=Parallelism of the Axis
B. Earth’s Magnetic Field
• ________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
• Believed to be generated by the
______________________________________________
_____________________________________
• Tilted __________________________________________________________________
• ______________________________________________________ magnetic North Pole
C. Rotation - _____________________________________________________________
• ________________________________________
• ________________________________________
• ________________________________________
D. Evidences of Earth's Rotation
1. _____________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________
1. Foucault (FOO koe) Pendulum - ___________________________________________
________________________________________
 Direction of a pendulum set in motion _____________________________________
 Concluded that the shift was _____________________________________________
 Ex. Franklin Institute __________
2
a. ________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________
2. Coriolis Effect - _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
E. Results of Earth's Rotation
1. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Direction of Sunrise (_________) & Sunset (____________)
F. Earth spins faster at the equator
II. Time Zones
• _________________________________
• _________________________________
• _________________________________
• _________________________________
A. International Date Line = _____________________________.
• Traveling _________across the International Date Line _____1 day to the
3
calendar; time stays the same because you have not left the time zone yet
• Traveling ____________ across the International Date Line ____________
1 day from the calendar ex. __________________________________________
_________________________________________________
B. Daylight Savings
• From ________________________ the clock is __________________________________
• ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
III. Sun & the Dome of the Sky
A. Zenith - ________________________________________________________________
1. Sun at zenith is at an altitude of ____________
2. Sun at zenith occurs for observer at the equator on the _______________________
3. Sun at _____________________ is at an altitude of 00
B. __________________________ - the vertical angle between the horizon & the sun's
position
 In the northern hemisphere the sun's altitude is __________________ on the 1st
day of summer; on or about June 21st
 In the northern hemisphere the sun's altitude is lowest on the 1st day of
__________________________; on or about Dec. 21st
4
C. _________________________ - occurs when the sun is at the highest position on its
arc across the sky
1. NYC is at ____________ long. & Phil. is at _______________ long.
2. 10 long. difference between them
3. __________________ difference in each local solar noon
D. ___________________ - time by the sun; a sundial is a device that indicates local
IV. Seasons
A. Revolution - ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
http://www.nasakids.com/Earth/
B. Ellipse
• Elongated closed curve; similar to a stretched out ________
– Earth is closest to the Sun on
_________________________________________
5
– Earth is furthest from the Sun on __________________________________________
• _______________________________________________________________________
• ________________________________________________________________________
• The tilt also causes Sun light to hit some areas _____________________________ than
others, ____________________________________________.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
C. Evidences for Earth's Revolution
1. Parallax Effect - ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Draw Parallax Effect
2. ________________________________________________
•
Draw Constellations
____________________is a summer constellation
6
•
____________________ is a winter constellation
D. Cause of Seasons:
1. _________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________
Equinoxes & Solstices
A. ________________________ - when the sun is shining directly on the equator
1. ______________________ = ________________________________
2. Neither hemisphere is tilted ____________________ the sun
3. Sun is directly over head at the _______________________


____________________________________= March 20th, or 21st
____________________________________ =Sept 22nd or 23rd
*Note that the sun rises DUE EAST and sets DUE WEST only on the day of an
__________
B. ____________________________ - the point at which the Sun reaches its greatest
distance North or South of the Equator

Summer Solstice for the Northern Hemisphere is on or about
_____________________________________________

______________________________________________

The sun is directly overhead at the _____________________________________
Draw Summer Solstice
7

Winter Solstice for the Northern Hemisphere is on or about
_______________________________________________

________________________________________________

The sun is directly overhead at the _____________________________
Draw Winter Solstice
Tropic of Cancer = ______________________ Tropic of Capricorn = ___________________
Arctic Circle = _________________________ Antarctic Circle = _______________________