Starter
Put these things into groups…
Objectives
Outcomes
Outline how organisms are
classified and what binomial
naming is.
3: Describe key features of different
animal and plant phyla.
Create a key for 10 organisms.
5: Explain how features are used to
classify organisms into these phyla.
7: Produce a coherent piece of work
fully exploring the key features and
differences for plant and animal
phyla.
Key terms: classification, taxonomy, Linnaean, binomial.
Tasks
Outcomes
For a bacterium, a plant and 2
animals go through and find their
Linnaean classification.
3: Describe key features of different
animal and plant phyla.
What similarities and differences
do you notice?
5: Explain how features are used to
classify organisms into these phyla.
7: Produce a coherent piece of work
fully exploring the key features and
differences for plant and animal
phyla.
Why is this?
Key terms: classification, taxonomy, Linnaean, binomial.
What is classification?
Classification is the arrangement of organisms
into groups of various sizes on the basis of
shared features.
Taxonomy is a form of classification that focuses on
physical similarities between different species, for
ease of naming and identification.
Phylogeny is the classification of organisms by these
evolutionary relationships, so that every group shares
a common ancestor.
The taxonomic hierarchy
Hierarchy of Taxa for
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
6
Choosing taxa
Linnaean taxonomy
There are many different, and equally valid, ways of classifying organisms by shared
features.
It is important to be able to choose key features
and ignore others. For instance, many insects
and birds are capable of winged flight, but the
two groups are otherwise very different.
The first scientist to introduce a formal system of
taxonomy was Carl Linnaeus. Linnaean taxonomy
is still the basis of the systems we use today.
Tasks
Outcomes
What is binomial naming?
3: Describe key features of different
animal and plant phyla.
What are the binomial names of
the four organisms you looked
at?
Can you think of any problems
with this system and specific
examples of organisms which
pose problems?
5: Explain how features are used to
classify organisms into these phyla.
7: Produce a coherent piece of work
fully exploring the key features and
differences for plant and animal
phyla.
Key terms: classification, taxonomy, Linnaean, binomial.
List the phyla / classes
Plants
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
List the phyla / classes
Plants
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
Bryophyta
Filicinophyta
Coniferophyta
Angiospermophyta.
Porifera
Cnidaria
Annelida
Platyhelmintha
Mollusca
Arthropoda.
Birds
Mammals
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fish
Task
Outcomes
Create a set of posters or leaflet to outline the different
external recognition features for plant and animal phyla.
You should also include examples of organisms.
3: Describe key
features of different
animal and plant
phyla.
PLANTS: Bryophyta, Filicinophyta, Coniferophyta,
Angiospermophyta.
5: Explain how
features are used to
classify organisms
into these phyla.
ANIMALS:
7: Produce a
coherent piece of
work fully exploring
the key features and
differences for plant
and animal phyla.
Invertebrates: Porifera, Cnidaria, Annelida,
Platyhelmintha, Mollusca, Arthropoda.
Vertebrates: Birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and
fish.
Key terms: phyla, features, plant, animal.
A closer look at Plants:
There are 4 phyla:
1. Bryophyte – The mosses
2. Filicinophyte – The Ferns
3. Coniferophyte – The Conifers
4. Angiospermophyte – The flowers
Bryophytes – The mosses
•
•
•
•
Usually small and grow in damp places
Simple non, vascular (no xylem and phloem.)
No proper roots but have rhizoids
Reproduce with spores (in a capsule on a stalk). Male gamete swims to female!
Filicinophytes – the ferns
•
•
•
•
Group includes club mosses, horsetails and ferns
Has stems roots and leaves. Because of support from woody tissue they can grow up to 5m
Reproduces by spores (underside of the leaves). Male gamete swims to female.
Some have fibrous roots, while others produce an underground stem called a rhizome.
Coniferophytes – The conifers
•
•
•
Includes shrubs, or trees such as pine, fir, cedar
which are large and evergreen, some of the tallest
trees in the world.
Truly vascular. Reproduce with pollen. Make cones
with seeds inside.
Leaves are needle shaped to conserve water.
Angiospermophytes- Flowering plants
•
•
•
•
Contains flowering plants, which are pollinated by wind or animals.
Range from small low-lying plants to large trees. Many are important crops
Have proper flowers which produce pollen. All produce seeds which are associated
with nuts and fruit.
Truly vascular.
Key terms: phyla, features, plant, animal.
The Animal invertebrates in detail
Invertebrates are animals without backbones there are 6
phyla:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Porifera – sponges.
Cnideria - corals.
Platyhelminthes – flat worms.
Annelida – segmented worms.
Mollusca – snails, octopi.
Athropoda – insects, spiders, crustaceans
Animal kingdom are characterized by being able to move and getting nutrients by
eating plans, other animals or both. Animals are divided into two groups- with a
backbone (vertebrates) and without (invertebrates).
•
•
•
•
•
•
Porifera – the sponges
This group contains sponges.
They have different types of cells, but no real organization into tissues
No clear symmetry
All are aquatic
Pump water through numerous pores and filter food.
No nerves or muscular tissue.
Cnideria – Corals, hydra, jellyfish
These are sea anemones, corals, jellyfish.
All most all marine, cells are organized into tissues in two body layers
They feed on other animals by stinging them with nematocyst
They have a mouth t take in food and use the same opening to get rid of waste.
Platyhelminthes- flatworms
•
These have 3 layer of cell and have a body cavity
with a mouth and anus
•
Some are free living while others are parasites.
•
Flattened appearance, most are small but
tapeworms may grow to several meters.
Annelida – segmented worms
Contains earth worms and
leeches,
Some are aquatic, others in
the soil.
All have a simple gut with a
mouth at one end and an anus
at the other.
Earthworms are important to
agriculture because burrowing
aerates the soil.
Mollusca – snails, octopi
Have a mouth and anus.
Bilateral symmetry.
Most have a calcium carbonate shell.
Hard rasping ‘radula’ is used for feeding.
Athropoda – insects, spiders, crustaceans
Largest animal phylum.
All have exoskeleton made of chitin, places
restrictions on how large they can get because
they have to shed it in order to grow.
Segmented bodies and jointed limbs.
Over a million different types and many more
being discovered.
Key terms: phyla, features, plant, animal.
Which phyla does this represent?
Outcomes
3: Describe key
features of different
animal and plant
phyla.
5: Explain how
features are used to
classify organisms
into these phyla.
7: Produce a
coherent piece of
work fully exploring
the key features and
differences for plant
and animal phyla.
Key terms: phyla, features, plant, animal.