All About Bones
The Skeletal System
DO NOW
How many
bones can you
name?
Bones to Know:
Appendicular Skeleton:
Pectoral Girdle
 6. Scapula
 7. Clavicle
 Upper Limb
 8. Humerus
 9. Radius
 10. Ulna
 11. Carpals
 12. Metacarpals
 13. Phalanges
 Pelvic Girdle
 14. Pelvis
 Lower Limb
 15. Femur
 16. Patella
 17. Fibula
 18. Tibia
 19. Tarsals
 20. Metatarsals
 21. Phalanges

Axial Skeleton:
 Skull
 1. Skull
 2. HyoidBone
 Vertebral
Column
 3. Vertebrae
 Thoracic Cage
 4. Ribs
 5. Sternum
Axial and Appendicular
Axial Portion
Skull
Vertebrate
Ribs
Sternum
Appendicular Portion
Pelvis
Clavicle
Scapula
 What is the common
name for the clavicle?
 What is the common
name for the scapula?
Humerus
Radius and Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia and Fibula
Tibia/Fibula vs Radius/Ulna
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Tarsal Bones vs Carpal Bones
Types of Bones
How many bones are there??
 In a newborn
there are 300!!!!!
How many bones are there?
 In an adult, that are 206!!!
 That is almost 100 fewer
than infants. What
happened?
What is the largest bone?
 The Femur!
What is the smallest bone?
Exit Ticket
 Name the bones listed below.
4
3
1
2
5
Skeletal Disorders
All About Bones
DO NOW
 Can you name any skeletal disorders?
 What do you know about them?
 What would you like to know?
Fractures
Activity
 Create a foldable (like the one we did for the organ systems)
that details the different types of fractures.
 Name the fracture
 Give the definition of the fracture
 Draw it
 Classify the difficulty to heal (how do bones heal, what
process?)
 There are 9 different fractures
Exit Ticket
 Which fracture do you think are the hardest to
mend? Why?
 Which fracture do you think are the easiest to
mend? Why?
Males vs. Females
All About Bones
DO NOW
 How can you distinguish between males and females?
 Don’t just make a list, describe the differences.
Activity
 You are a world-renowned bone expert.
 You just received an urgent call from your Supervisor. He has
informed you that a jogger has discovered a body in the woods.
The body is nearly decayed and the police need to know if the
victim is male or female.
Some clues
 There are distinct difference in the bones that distinguish
males from females
The Pelvis
 Female Pelvic bones
 Broader sciatic notch
 Raised auricular surface
 Males Pelvic Bones
 Narrower sciatic notch
 Flat auricular surface
The Pelvis
Male or Female?
Male or Female?
Male or Female?
Male or Female?
Skull
 Male skulls
 Larger than females
 Larger brow ridge
 Sloping, less rounded forehead
 Larger projections behind ears
 Square chin
 Greater definition of muscle attachment areas
on the back of the head
Skull: Male
Skull
 Female
 Smoother bone surfaces where muscles
attach
 Less pronounced brow ridges
 More vertical forehead
 Sharp upper margins of the eyes orbits
 Smaller projections behind the ears
 Chin more pointed
 Larger, obtuse angle of the jaw
Skull: Female
Male or Female?
Male or Female?
Male or Female?
Checklist for examining the skull
 For each category, describe what you see and determine male
or female for that feature.
 Brow ridge
 Neck muscle attachments
 Mastoid Process
 Upper eye orbit margin
 Angle of jaw
 Chin
 From there you can make a better estimate as to the sex.
Exit Ticket
 What is the easiest way to determine the gender (using the
skeleton) of an individual, and why?
Off you go!!
 Work in small groups to determine the sex of the skeleton.
 Turn in work individually!
Determining Your Height
All About Bones
Do Now
 Which bones do you think would be the best for determining
the height of an individual. Defend your answer.
 You must pick one bone.
Determining Height from Bone Length
 It is possible to determine the height of an individual based
on the length of one bone.
 This is useful because sometimes all that police recover is a
few bones.
Activity
 In this activity you will look at the bones in the arm.
 Which are?
 And the bones in the leg.
 Which are?
Activity
 Break into groups of 4.
 2 of you will measure the arm bones
 2 of you will measure the leg bones
 Then compare your results
 How accurate are you to the actual height of the person?
 Which equation is more accurate?
Important Equations: Arms
 Males
 Height = (length of radius x 3.3) + 34
 Height = (length of humerus x 2.9) + 27.8
 Females
 Height = (length of radius x 3.3) + 32
 Height = (length of humerus x 2.8) + 28.1
Important Equations: Legs
 Males
 Height = 2.42 x (tibia length in cm) + 81.93
 Female
 Height = 2.90 x (tibia length in cm) + 61.53
 Using the femur and tibia
 Height = 1.31 x (length of femur in cm + length of tibia in cm)
+ 63.05
Exit Ticket
 In some cases all that a forensics team has to go on is a bone.
 What are your conclusions regarding the level of accuracy
you can obtain in predicting height based on one or two
bones?