DEFENSE Notes
BONE I.D.
A.
Cranium
B.
Vertebrae
C.
Sternum
D.
Ribs
E.
Ilium
F.
Sacrum
G.
Coccyx
H.
Pubis Bone
I.
Ischium
J.
Clavicle
K.
Humerus
L.
Ulna
M.
Radius
N.
Carpus
O.
Metacarpal
P.
Phalanges
Q.
Femur
R.
Patella
S.
Tibia
T.
Fibula
U.
Tarsus
V.
Metatarsus
The Skeletal System: Main functions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I. Evolution of the Skeletal/Muscular Systems:
BONE #
1
2
3
6
7
4
5
8
9
10
11
12
Scientific Name Common Name
Skeleton Hydrostatic ___ Exoskeleton_
Type of support
Have muscles surrounding a fluid-filled cavity. When contracted, they push against the fluid and cause the body to change shape.
A hard external skeleton, made of ________ and is continually shed as the organism grows -
_________.
_Endoskeleton
Have a well developed
Endoskeleton or
_________ _____ made of calcified plates.
Picture of system
Examples Annelids (worms) and Jellyfish (Insects) and Crustaceans chordates

II.
Characteristics and Structures: a.
If the two bones you see from this deer skeleton wanted to connect to each other what special connective tissue would help do that? _____________________________ i.
This spot where one bone is attaching to another bone is called a ______________. ii.
Inflammation of this area in your body that causes pain is referred to by doctors as
____________________________. b.
Move your arm at the elbow in a back and forth motion. What three bones are involved for this movement? __________________, _____________________, ___________________ i.
Why do these bones not grind into each other every time you move your arm – what is found on the ends of your bones? ________________________ c.
Since your body has more than bones in your entire that means you have lots of joints. i.
Immovable joint is one with no movement. Where in your body do you find this joint?
_______________________ ii.
Freely movable joint is one that has a wide range of movement.
1.
_______________________ - widest range of movement (ex. )
2.
___________________- permit back and forth movement (ex. )
3.
___________________- allow one bone to rotate around another (ex. )
4.
__________________ - permit one bone to slide in two directions (ex. ) iii.
Slightly moveable joint is one with some but very little movement. Where in your body do you find this joint? _________________ d.
Bone is composed of two types of tissue: i.
______________: soft, interior layer of bone tissue.
1.
Site of red blood cell production.
2.
Less dense
3.
Contains bone marrow ii.
________________ :outer layer of tissue surrounding bone
1.
Stores minerals – Calcium
2.
Extremely dense and strong e.
Bone marrow is found inside of bones. This tissue is responsible for creating new blood cells in animals. These cells are a vital part of the circulatory system.
III.
Skeletal Body System Interactions: a.
______________________: bones help produce new blood cells in addition to storing minerals transported by the circulatory system. b.
______________________: bones and muscles work in opposing pairs to perform body movement.
Muscles and bones support, protect, and maintain posture for the human body. c.
______________________: bones protect many vital organs of the nervous system – Skull (brain),
Vertebrae (spinal cord).
IV.
Graph Analysis – answer the following question about the graph below: a.
At what age should you be eating lots of foods that contain calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus?
Why? b.
What gender is more likely to break a bone at age 50? c.
After what age for a women are they most likely to have a fractured bone? ___________ d.
After what age for a man are they most likely to have a fractured bone? ___________ e.
When your bones start weakening due to loss of calcium loss (most common in old women) and can start breaking much more easily you are said to have ________________________________. (disease)

Video Body Story: Breaking Down Questions to be able to answer after the video segment:
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65U3NSDn2dg
1.
In order for healthy bones to maintain themselves, they must constantly rebuild their collagen and minerals and then break them down. First define the words below:
Osteoclasts-
Osteoblasts-
Osteocytes –
The skeleton of an embryo is composed almost entirely of cartilage. How does the development of our bones come about from a cartilage embryo? (use the above 3 words in the describption)
2.
Although bones are very strong, they break sometimes. Describe the process your body goes through when a bone is broken.
Our bodies produce chemicals that relieve pain naturally – are the natural endorphins that your body produces is enough to conceal the pain you feel?

Notes from Video Clip: