What is an ecosystem? What are the abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems? What processes connect the abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems? Be able to draw a Bohr Model of Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen • Make sure you know how many electrons are in each and which shell has each of the electrons What is the difference between an atom and a molecule? Which elements have full valence electron shells and are non-reactive? What do atoms within a molecule share when they are bonded? How can we tell how many bonds an atom can make? Where are the protons, neutrons, and electrons found in an atom? How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen atoms? What is a calorie? How can we measure calories? Where is the energy in a molecule? What forms of energy are released during combustion? What forms of energy are released during cellular respiration? List all the processes that move carbon around an ecosystem! What carbon molecules are formed by plants to store energy, and for structure? What carbon molecules are formed by animals to store energy for now, and for later? What are other reservoirs that hold carbon? How are coal, oil, natural gas, and limestone made? How is carbon released from these materials? How are decomposers getting their carbon, storing it, and releasing it? What are limiting nutrients for plants? How is cellular respiration ultimately responsible for the fish kill in Hood Canal? How does nitrogen move out of the atmosphere and into a useable form for plants? How do plants get nitrogen? How do animals get nitrogen? How does water become stratified? How does water become mixed? How can people prevent nitrogen AND phosphate from getting into the water? What type of radiation comes from the sun? From the earth? What determines how much radiation is absorbed by the surface of the earth? What determines how much radiation gets blocked/stored in the atmosphere? Why is the angle of sunlight important in determining the amount of radiation a certain location receives? What are common greenhouse gases? What is it about the atoms that make a molecule a greenhouse gas? Explain how greenhouse gases trap ‘heat’. What is the difference between a positive and negative feedback loop? How do melting permafrost and melting ice create positive feedback loops? How does melting sea ice affect all animals in the Antarctic? How does melting sea ice lead to more snow? Which penguins seem to benefit from climate change? Why? How will a warmer environment impact caterpillars? Which phase(s) changed in the warm treatment? How did a warm environment impact how much the caterpillars eat? How will climate change affect: • • • • Caribou in Alaska? Crabs and sea stars in the intertidal? Children in the Caribbean? Diseases in corals in the Caribbean?