Structures and Processes
of Living Things
Key Concepts
Cell functions, growth, and
development
 Energy transfer through photosynthesis
 Types of reproduction

http://leavingbio.net/CELL%20DIVERSITY.htm
Click on link below:
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/
Key Idea #11

All living organisms are composed of
cells – from one cell to many cells.
Characteristics of Living Things
Grow
 Move
 Reproduce
 Get energy
 Use energy
 Get rid of waste
 Adapt to changes

Cells are Living Organisms
Cells
 grow and die.
 use energy, nutrients, air, and water.
 produce wastes.
 reproduce.
 react to what's around them.
All living organisms are made
of one or many cells.
Cells
 are the simplest unit of life.
 are the building blocks of life.
 are produced from other cells.
FYI: Types of Cells
FYI: Prokaryotic Cell

does not have a nucleus
 FYI: Eukaryotic
Cell has a nucleus
(human cheek cells)
(amoeba)
(onion skin cells)
FYI: According to scientific evidence:
Organisms
include all living things
 can be unicellular (one-celled)

– example: protozoa (protists), bacteria (monera)

can be multicellular (many-celled)
– example: plants, fungi, animals
Paramecia (protozoa):
United Streaming Video: 3:49 min
Paramecium (unicellular organism)
Amoeba (Protist)
United Streaming Video 1:00 min
Amoeba (unicellular organism)
shs.westport.k12.ct.us
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.southflorida.com/citylink_dansweeney/amoeba_proteus_X_100.jpg&imgrefurl=http://blogs.southflorida.com/citylink_dansweeney/2006/11/&
usg=__HgYg6J6NLzcpCfZRExsCNSK0DY=&h=333&w=458&sz=12&hl=en&start=6&zoom=1&tbnid=G6JlMEfIv1OHCM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=128&ei=Fsc8TdCIDMrSgQfWvrSeCA&prev=/i
mages%3Fq%3Damoeba%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1003%26bih%3D567%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1
Elodea Leaf cells (multicellular organism)
Nucleus
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vdkkIjcBvLk/TQaowgCRv0I/AAAAAAAAADY/3pnXIeg6QHg/s1600/Elodea_Leaf_Cells_400x.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mrripplinger.blogspot.com/&usg=__7AHMiRTq6YRXUCyeqMPMjxTeB20=&h=307&w=490&sz=30&hl=en&start=0&
zoom=1&tbnid=aN1EEr_Ootkw2M:&tbnh=78&tbnw=124&ei=-Mg8TZaqJ8jngQe_i_24CA&prev=/images%3Fq%3Delodea%2Bleaf%2Bcell%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1003%26bih%3D567%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=297&oei=Mg8TZaqJ8jngQe_i_24CA&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&tx=74&ty=47
Multicelled Organisms in Pond Water
(Video: 2 min)
The Parts of a Microscope
Procedure for Setting up a Slide
Using a Compound Microscope
Lab Supplies

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
Packet
Microscope
Probe
Tweezers
Scissors
Cutout newspaper
articles
Onion
– See me







Slide
Cover slip
Lens paper
Beaker of water
Dropper
Paper Towel
Prepared slides
– See me
e-Lab


Turn nose piece to scanner lens
Place the ruler on the stand and look through the
eyepiece.
– Record how many millimeters you can see _______
– What is the total power of magnification?
– (power of eye piece X power of scanner lens) ______

Turn the nose piece to low power objective lens
– Record how many millimeters you can see _______
– What is the total power of magnification?
– (power of eye piece X power of scanner lens) ______
Lab Directions:

Finish e-lab.
– Leave the “e” slide on the microscope until you have
checked your answers.



After I have checked your answers to 1-11, clean
your slide and cover slip.
Next, read the directions for preparing the onion cell
slide on the handout on the clipboard.
Bring me a slide and a cover slip to get your onion
cells sample.
Animals and Plants are Multicelled Organisms
Skeletal Muscle cells (animal)

the muscle attached to the skeleton
White Blood Cells (animal)
Nucleus
Onion cells (plant)
Nucleus
Cross-section of a Leaf
Cell Structure Lab (*prepared slides)
Packet pages 10-12, Honors 12-14
 Onion Cells
 Leaf Cells (not elodea)
 Cheek Cells*
 Paramecium*
Parts of an Animal Cell
United Streaming Video: 4 min
Parts of a Plant Cell
United Streaming Video: 2 min
Comparing Animal and Plant Cells
Onion Skin Cell
Red Blood Cells
Elodea Leaf Cell
Human Cheek Cell
Nerve Cell
White Blood Cells
Similarities and differences between animal and plant cells
Similarities:
 both cells have a cell membrane
 both are made up of organelles (ribosomes, golgi bodies etc….)
 both cells have a nucleus
 both combine to make tissues
 both have cytoplasm
 many are microscopic
Differences:
 plant cells have a cell wall
 plant cells have chloroplasts where they make their own food
 plant cells have one large vacuole
 animal cells have small vacuoles
 plant cells have a rectangular shape
 animal cells have an irregular shape
 most plant cells are green
Tour of a Cell

http://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/biol
ogy/interactive.jsp
Creepy Crawlies

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/pictu
re-galleries/7924099/Creepy-crawliesAmazing-Scanning-ElectronMicroscope-pictures-of-insects-andspiders.html
Cells Alive!

http://www.cellsalive.com/
Think of a City







How does it operate?
Who protects the city?
Who runs the city?
How does the city manage its trash?
How does the city get food?
How does the city get its power?
How do you know when you are in the city
limits?
A plant cell can be compared to a city.
Each part of the cell has its own
function.
 The parts of the cell can be compared
to the parts of a city based on their
similar function.

Cell Part
A. Nucleus
City Analogy
Purpose
city hall
control center
Cell Part
A. Nucleus
B. Cell Membrane
City Analogy
Purpose
city hall
control center
city limits
surrounds & border
Cell Part
A. Nucleus
B. Cell Membrane
C. Cytoplasm
City Analogy
Purpose
city hall
control center
city limits
surrounds & border
lawns and atmosphere
inner space
Cell Part
A. Nucleus
B. Cell Membrane
C. Cytoplasm
D. Chloroplasts
City Analogy
Purpose
city hall
control center
city limits
surrounds & border
lawns and atmosphere
inner space
Gardens/farms
produces food
Cell Part
A. Nucleus
B. Cell Membrane
C. Cytoplasm
D. Chloroplasts
E. Vacuole
City Analogy
Purpose
city hall
control center
city limits
surrounds & border
lawns and atmosphere
inner space
Gardens/farms
produces food
water tower
stores water
Cell Part
A. Nucleus
B. Cell Membrane
C. Cytoplasm
D. Chloroplasts
E. Vacuole
F. Ribosomes
City Analogy
Purpose
city hall
control center
city limits
surrounds & border
lawns and atmosphere
inner space
Gardens/farms
produces food
water tower
stores water
factory & workers
makes products
Cell Part
City Analogy
Purpose
city hall
control center
city limits
surrounds & border
lawns and atmosphere
inner space
Gardens/farms
produces food
water tower
stores water
F. Ribosomes
factory & workers
makes products
G. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
roads or highways
transportation system
A. Nucleus
B. Cell Membrane
C. Cytoplasm
D. Chloroplasts
E. Vacuole
Cell Part
City Analogy
Purpose
city hall
control center
city limits
surrounds & border
lawns and atmosphere
inner space
Gardens/farms
produces food
water tower
stores water
F. Ribosomes
factory & workers
makes products
G. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
roads or highways
transportation system
H. Golgi Bodies
post office or UPS
packs & carries
A. Nucleus
B. Cell Membrane
C. Cytoplasm
D. Chloroplasts
E. Vacuole
Cell Part
City Analogy
Purpose
city hall
control center
city limits
surrounds & border
lawns and atmosphere
inner space
Gardens/farms
produces food
water tower
stores water
F. Ribosomes
factory & workers
makes products
G. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
roads or highways
transportation system
H. Golgi Bodies
post office or UPS
packs & carries
I. Mitochondria
power plant
produces energy
A. Nucleus
B. Cell Membrane
C. Cytoplasm
D. Chloroplasts
E. Vacuole
Cell Part
City Analogy
Purpose
city hall
control center
city limits
surrounds & border
Controls what enters and
leaves the cell
lawns and atmosphere
inner space
gardens/farms
produces food
water tower
stores water
F. Ribosomes
factory & workers
makes products
G. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
roads or highways
transportation system
H. Golgi Bodies
post office or UPS
packs & carries
I. Mitochondria
power plant
produces energy
police routes, borders,
on and off ramps
surrounds, supports
and protects
A. Nucleus
B. Cell Membrane
C. Cytoplasm
D. Chloroplasts
E. Vacuole
J. Cell Wall