Benchmark SC.F.1.2.4:
The student knows that similar
cells form different kinds of
structures
Ophir Ortiz
GLE’s Covered in this Presentation
• Fourth
1. knows that living things are composed of cells.
2. knows that processes needed for life are carried out
by the cells.
• Fifth
1. uses magnifying tools to identify similar cells and
different kinds of structures.
2. knows the parts of plants and animal cells.
3. understands how similar cells are organized to form
structures (for example, tissue, organs) in plants and
animals.
Outline
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What is a cell?
“How Big” Applet 1
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
Parts of Bacteria Cells
Hands-On Activity 1/ Worksheet 1
Parts of Plant Cells (hyperlinked)
Parts of Animal Cells (hyperlinked)
Parts of a Cell Applet 2/ Worksheet 2
Brain Pop Video 1: Cell Structure
Hands-On Activity 2: Build Model of Animal Cell and Plant Cell using Play-doh and Candy/Pasta
Brain Pop Video 2: Cell Specialization
Nutrient Transport into Cells
Hands-On Activity 3/ Worksheet 3: Nutrient Transport into Cell Membrane
Tissues- Animal (human) and Plant
Organs- Human
Organs Game Applet 3
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Appendix- Play-doh recipe, Additional Resources/Links
Cell Overview
• All living organisms are made up of cells
• “building blocks of life”
• Mold on bread, your dog, pine trees, etc.
are all made up of cells
• Cells are so small, they need to be
magnified to be seen
• Microscopes are used to magnify cells
Cell Overview
There are more than 10 trillion cells, and over 200
types of cells in the human body, that very
greatly in size, shape, and function!!!
How Big are Cells?
Why are cells important?
• Cells can:
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take in nutrients,
convert these nutrients into energy
carry out specialized functions
reproduce as necessary
• Each cell stores its own set of instructions (DNA)
for carrying out each of these activities
• Depending on the type of cell, DNA may be
stored inside the nucleus, or it is free floating
inside the cell
CELL NUCLEUS
The Command Center
The cell nucleus acts
like the “command
center” of the cell
It consists of a
nuclear
envelope, (the
outer membrane)
and nucleoplasm
It regulates all cell
activity
In the nucleoplasm
you can see
chromatin and the
nucleolus
http://biology.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://personal.tmlp.com/Jimr57/textbook/chapter3/chapter3.htm
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
• There are two general classes of cells: prokaryotic
and eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic Cells: found in one-celled organisms;
do not have a nucleus
(bacteria)
Eukaryotic Cells: found in organisms composed of
many cells; cells have a membrane-bound nucleus
(plant cells, animal cells)
Prokaryotic: Bacteria Cell
Parts of Bacteria Cells
Cell Part
Function
cell wall
maintain shape
capsule
protection
flagella
long “arms”, for
movement
where DNA is located
nucleoid
pili
plasma membrane
these help cells attach to
each other
cell covering that allows
certain nutrients into or
out of the cell
What is bacteria?
• Bacteria are one-celled organisms that
reproduce very quickly
• Some are good, some are bad!
• Good bacteria are in your stomach, in yogurt,
and in bread. Yum!
Leptospira, which causes
serious disease in livestock
Hands-on Activity 1/ Worksheet 1
“Caught Dirty-Handed”
Reference:
http://www.microbe.org/experiment/dirty-handed.asp
Eukaryotic: Animal Cell
Parts of Animal Cells
Cell Part
Function
cell membrane
covering that controls nutrients
into or out of the cell
centriole
important in cell division process
centrosome
important in cell division process
cytoskeleton
a “skeleton” inside the cell
cytosol
the “soup” inside cells
endoplasmic reticulum
makes “proteins”
(we need proteins to live, like
those found in meat and nuts)
golgi
“packages” molecules for transport
Parts of Animal Cells (cont’d)
Cell Part
Function
lysosome
kills bacteria
mitochondrion
makes energy for the cell to
function
inside the nucleus
nucleolus
nucleus
peroxisome
secretory vesicle
vacuole
control center of the cell,
contains DNA
for protection
“packages” certain
chemicals
helps in getting rid of waste
products
Eukaryotic: Plant Cell
Parts of Plant Cells
Cell Part
Function
cell membrane
covering that controls
nutrients into or out of the
cell
cell wall
protective barrier
centrosome
chloroplast
important in cell division
process
contains chlorophyll
cytoskeleton
helps maintain shapte
cytosol
“soup” inside the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
makes “proteins”
Parts of Plant Cells
Cell Part
Function
golgi
“packages” molecules for
transport
lysosome
kills bacteria
mitochondrion
makes energy for the cell to
function
nucleus
nucleolus
control center of the cell,
contains DNA
inside the nucleus
peroxisome
for protection
vacuole
helps in getting rid of waste
products
Parts of a Cell Applet
Brain Pop Video 1:
Cell Structures
Hands-on Activity 2:
Build Animal and Plant Cell Models
using Play-doh and Candy/Pasta
In this exercise, the student will become familiar
with the different parts of the animal cell and the
plant cell. This will be accomplished by using
playdoh as the “cytoplasm”, seran wrap as the
“cell membrane”, and various candies and pasta
for other components of the cells.
Reference:
http://www.edu.pe.ca/gray/class_pages/rcfleming/cells/demos.htm
Finished Model of Animal Cell
Cell
Membrane
Vacuole
Secretory
Vesicle
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Nucleus
Golgi
Apparatus
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Animal Cell
Finished Model of Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Nucleolus
(Seran wrap)
ER
Nucleus
Lysosome
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Peroxisome
Vacuole
Golgi
Apparatus
Cell Wall
(Al. foil)
Plant Cell
Mitochondrion
Brain Pop Video 2:
Cell Specialization
How do Nutrients Enter Cells?
• Just like we need food to get energy, cells
also need food (nutrients)
• All cells have a thin cover called the cell
membrane
• Nutrients must pass through this cover
(membrane) in order to get inside the cell
– One way in which nutrients enter the cell is
called “Diffusion”
Hands-on Activity 3/ Worksheet 3:
Nutrients through the Cell
Membrane (Diffusion)
• Objective:
- This shows how nutrients (iodine) pass, or diffuse, through the cell
membrane (plastic bag)
• Materials:
– Beaker
– Iodine
– Cornstarch
– Sealable plastic sandwich bags
• Procedure:
Step 1: Place 2 tsp. cornstarch in bag
Step 2: Squeeze out as much air as possible, then seal bag.
Step 3: Pour 1c. (~240mL) water into beaker
Step 4: Add 20 drops of iodine into beaker with water
Step 5: Place bag inside beaker, making sure all of cornstarch comes into
contact with iodine/water mixture
Step 6: Wait 25 min; most of the cornstarch will turn purple
What Happens When a Number of
Cells Get Together???
• The simplest living creatures are
composed of simple cells, but in complex
organisms such as human beings and
plants, the hierarchy continues on to the
tissue level
• Tissues are groups of similar cells that
have a common function
Human Tissues
Tissue Type
Description
Where it is found in
the body
Epithelium
Cover organ
surfaces
Skin, digestive
tract
Connective
Holds everything
together
Blood, bone,
cartilate
Muscle
Has filaments that
contract
Muscles
Nervous
Main component of Brain, spinal cord
nervous system
Human Tissues
Epithelium
Connective
cartilage
Muscle
cardiac
Nervous
central nervous system
Plant Tissues
Type of Tissue
Description
Where it is found in
plant
Meristematic
Division of new cells for Inside plant body
new growth or repair
Epidermis
Cells forming the outer Cover leaves, plant
surface
body
Vascular
Transport fluids and
nutrients
Ground
Manufactures nutrients Center of plant body
by photosynthesis
Inside plant body
Plant Tissues
Organs
• An organ is a structure composed of at
least two tissue types
• Examples of organs in humans include
kidneys, spleen, liver, heart, lungs
Appendix
Recipe for Play-doh
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2 1/2 cups of flour
1/2 cup salt
2 packages dry unsweetened Kool-Aid
2 cups boiling water
3 tablespoons oil
Recipe obtained from:
http://k2.kirtland.cc.mi.us/~balbachl/kidrecip.htm#Doh
Additional Resources/ Links
• Bacteria hands-on activity: How Do You Make Perfect
Yogurt?
http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=2515
• Experiments dealing with bacteria/germs
http://www.microbe.org/experiment/experiments.asp
• “Cells Alive” interactive website
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/plntcell.htm
• Link to Free BrainPop Short Videos, various topics
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0078617022/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html
Additional Resources/ Links
• Various science- related applets
http://www.iknowthat.com/com/L3?Area=Science+Lab&
COOK
• Animal Cell Coloring - general animal cell, coloring
http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cellcolor.html
• Plant Cell Coloring - plant cell
http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cellcolor-plant.html
• Cell Theory Rap - poem to help learn about cells
http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cellrap.html
Additional Resources/ Links
Cell City Analogy - worksheet that describes a city,
comparing to organelles
http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cell-analogy.html
Organs Game (from Slide ) and other virtual games dealing with the
human body
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/index_interactivebody.shtml
Animal Tissue slides
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookAnimalTS.
html
Plant tissue
http://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/botf99/tissimages/tiss1.html
Questions???