Preparing a Workforce for
Interprofessional
Collaborative Care
Geraldine Polly Bednash, PhD, RN, FAAN
American Association
of Colleges of Nursing
Interprofessional and
Interdisciplinary
Long history of work across the professions to
move to a model of learning that recognizes that
an interplay of a variety of professionals is
essential to the delivery of health care that is safe
and meets the needs and desires of the patients
on whom we should be focusing
Earliest interprofessional efforts began over a
century ago
Most work has been small, experimental, and
fleeting as resources have dried up.
Long Recognized Need, Now Urgent
“The concept of medicine as a single
discipline concerned with only the restoration
of individual health from the diseased state
should be replaced by the concept of ‘health
professions’ working in concert to maintain
and increase the health of society as well as
the individual.”
Coggeshall Report 1965, AAMC
Long Recognized Need, Now Urgent
Interest in promoting more team-based education
for U.S. health professions is not new.
At the first IOM Conference, “Interrelationships of
Educational Programs for Health Professionals,”
and in the related report “Educating for the Health
Team” (IOM, 1972), 120 leaders from allied
health, dentistry, medicine, nursing, and pharmacy
considered key questions at the forefront of
contemporary national discussions about
interprofessional education.
Sound familiar?
•
How to use the existing workforce optimally
and deliver the most cost effective care.
•
Need to produce a health care workforce
responsive to the needs of the health care
system and patient’s needs.
•
Need to ensure that health care providers can
practice to their full scope of practice.
•
Requires a cooperative effort to form teams of
providers able to bring unique skills together to
meet the needs of patients. (IOM, 1972)
Interdisciplinary Education and
Practice
Position Statement: All health care disciplines
share a common and primary commitment to
serving the patient and working toward the ideal of
health for all. While each discipline has its own
focus, the scope of health care mandates that
health professionals work collaboratively and with
other related disciplines. Collaboration emanates
from an understanding and appreciation of the
roles and contributions that each discipline brings
to the care delivery experience. Such professional
socialization and ability to work together is the
result of shared educational and practice
experiences. – AACN 1995
Collaborative Practice—Why Now?
Growing Complexity
• 2,700 Clinical Guidelines
• 25,000 New Clinical Trials every year
Promise of Information Technology
Increased focus on:
• Patient Safety
• Access/Cost/Quality
• Patient-Centered Medical/Health Home
• Accountable Care Organizations
Percent Growth in Elderly Population (US)
80%
Percent Growth (relative to 2010)
70%
60%
50%
65+
0 to 64
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2010
2015
2020
Year
Source: Census Bureau Population Projections
2025
2030
The Aging U.S. Population + Chronic Disease
Epidemic
87% of seniors aged 65-79 suffer one chronic
disease
45% of seniors aged 65-79 suffer three or more
chronic diseases
By 2025, burden of chronic disease will
increase at least 40% over 2010
Impact of Affordable Care Act on
Physician Shortages
Changing Mandates for Health
Professional Competency
•
Health care systems and employers –creating a
call for health professionals who can collaborate
and function in a team designed to coordinate
services to get the best care
•
Federal systems:
Military leadership through TeamSteps,
VA – Patient Aligned Care Teams
•
Consistent with many health professions
accreditation competency standards
Why do this?
It takes a team!
Why IPEC®
The goal of IPEC is to prepare all health
professions students for deliberatively working
together with the common goal of building a safer
and better patient-centered and
community/population oriented U.S. health care
system.
IPE Collaborative
Agreement January 2009 to work together to:
• Foster a common vision for team-based care
• Promote efforts to reform health care delivery
and financing consonant with that vision
• Contribute to development of leaders and
resources for substantive interprofessional
learning
IPEC Action Plan: Our Goals
Help our member institutions advance the field by:
Promoting a common
language and shared
competencies
Promoting interprofessional
collaboration with
policy-makers
Facilitating effective
faculty development
Facilitating linkage
with clinical and
translational research
Fostering shared
learning resources
Identifying effective
organizational
models
Interprofessional Education
Collaborative
• Our intent was to build on each
profession’s expected disciplinary
competencies in defining competencies
for interprofessional collaborative
practice.
• Belief that working as members of clinical
teams while students is a fundamental
part of that learning.
Every medical, nursing, dental, pharmacy, and
public health graduate is proficient in the core
competencies for interprofessional, team-based
care, including preventive, acute, chronic and
catastrophic care.
Interprofessional Education
Collaborative
This report is inspired by a vision of
interprofessional collaborative practice as key
to the safe, high quality, accessible, patientcentered care desired by all. Achieving that
vision for the future requires the continuous
development of interprofessional competencies
by health professions students as part of the
learning process, so that they enter the
workforce ready to practice effective teamwork
and team-based care.
Interprofessional Education
Collaborative
The development of
interprofessional
collaborative
competencies requires
moving beyond
profession-specific
educational efforts to
engage students of
different professions in
interactive learning with
each other.
Four competency domains with 38 subcompetencies:
Values and ethics
Roles andThe goal of this
responsibilities
Interprofessional
communications
Teams and
teamwork
Moving Forward
•
Established a formal
•
Articles of incorporation and bylaws
•
Elected officers and established financial plan
•
Received approval from FTC to trademark IPEC ®
•
In the process of hiring staff
•
Website: https://IPECollaborative.org
https://ipecollaborative.org/
Meeting our Goals: Facilitating
Faculty Development
Faculty Development Institutes:
•
May 2012: Herndon, VA: “Building Your
Foundation for Interprofessional Education (IPE
101),” teams representing 3-5 professions.
•
October 2012: IPE 101, Atlanta, GA
•
May 2013 (quality improvement and patient
safety): Herndon, VA
•
October 2013: IPE 101, Chicago, IL
•
January 2014: in planning
•
May 2014: in planning
Meeting our Goals: Fostering Shared
Learning Resources
• AAMC, in collaboration with IPEC, has customized
MedEdPORTAL for interprofessional education
resources, supported by Josiah Macy, Jr Foundation.
 Educational and assessment resources linked to the
IPEC competencies, undergo formal MedEdPORTAL
peer-review and will be available online, free-ofcharge to all.IPEC Repository
 iCollaborative for users to post innovations, do not
undergo peer-review and have a 3yr expiration date
• IPEC Advisory committee and associate editor for IPEC
collection (Sonia Crandall, PhD, MS)
An Integrated Solution
The MedEdPORTAL Suite
PUBLICATIONS
Peer Reviewed
Teaching/Assessment
Tools
iCOLLABORATIVE
Non-MedEdPORTAL
Peer Reviewed
Innovations, Policies
& Guidelines,
Effective Practices
CE DIRECTORY
Continuing Education
Courses for Credit
Meeting Goals: Identifying
Effective Organizational Models
• Leadership development – a
think tank on change in
academic organizations and
IPE

Dialogues on overcoming
impediments to IPE
• Assessment/Metrics/Research
Collaboration Across the
Health Disciplines
• IOM Global Forum on Health Professions Education
Innovation
• “Learning How to Improve Health from
Interprofessional Models Across the Continuum of
Education to Practice”
•
Collaborating with HRSA National Coordinating
Center on IPE and Collaborative Practice at
University of Minnesota
•
Federation of Schools of the Health Professions
Congressional Briefing on IPE in planning
One person can be a
crucial ingredient on a team
but one person cannot
make a team
Snow flakes are one of
nature’s most fragile
things but just look
what they can do when
they stick together
32
Strength lies in
differences – not in
similarities
3/10/2016
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