Microsoft
Access 2010
Chapter 7
Using SQL
Objectives
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•
•
•
Change the font or font size for SQL queries
Create SQL queries
Include fields in SQL queries
Include simple and compound criteria in SQL
queries
• Use computed fields and built-in functions in SQL
queries
• Sort the results in SQL queries
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Objectives
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•
•
•
•
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Use aggregate functions in SQL queries
Group the results in SQL queries
Join tables in SQL queries
Use subqueries
Compare SQL queries with Access-generated SQL
Use INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE queries to
update a database
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Project – Using SQL – pg. 418 read
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Housekeeping
• Create a Chapter 7 folder
• Copy Camashaly Design database from your
chapter 5 folder to the chapter 7 folder
• Open the database from Chapter 7 folder
• Click on any query
• Click on the view button, and choose SQL view
• For this chapter, we will be CREATING these in SQL
view
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General Project Guidelines
• Select the fields for the query
• Determine which table or tables contain these
fields
• Determine criteria
• Determine sort order
• Determine grouping
• Determine any update operations to be
performed
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SQL Background
• SQL – Structured Query Language
• Originally developed under the the name SEQUEL
@ IBM in the mid-1970’s.
• In 1980 – renamed SQL
• You will be typing entries into a BLANK window..
Rather than using a design grid.
• Let’s get started!
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Changing the Font Size - Do page 421
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SQL Commands
• The basic form of SQL expressions is quite simple:
SELECT-FROM-WHERE
• The command begins with a SELECT clause, which
consists of the word, SELECT, followed by a list of
those fields you want to include
• Next, the command contains a FROM clause, which
consists of the word, FROM, followed by a list of the
table or tables involved in the query
• Finally, there is an optional WHERE clause, which
consists of the word, WHERE, followed by any criteria
that the data you want to retrieve must satisfy
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Creating a New SQL Query –
pages 422-426
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Using a Criterion Involving
a Numeric Field
• To restrict the records to be displayed, include the word
WHERE followed by a criterion as part of the command
• If the field involved is a numeric field, you simply type the
value
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Simple Criteria
• A simple criterion has the form: field name,
comparison operator, then either another field
name or a value
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Using a Comparison Operator
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Using a Criterion Involving a Text Field
• If the criterion involves a text field, the value must
be enclosed in single quotation marks
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Using a Wildcard
• In most cases, the conditions in WHERE clauses
involve exact matches
• The LIKE operator uses one or more wildcard
characters to test for a pattern match
– One common wildcard in Access, the asterisk (*),
represents any collection of characters
• Do page 427-430
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Compound Criteria
• Compound criteria are formed by connecting two
or more simple criteria using AND, OR, and NOT
– When simple criteria are connected by the word AND,
all the simple criteria must be true in order for the
compound criterion to be true
– When simple criteria are connected by the word OR,
the compound criterion will be true whenever any of
the simple criteria are true
– Preceding a criterion by the word NOT reverses the
truth or falsity of the original criterion
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Using a Compound Criterion
do pg. 431-433
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Using a Computed Field
• The one in the book (pg. 434) is wrong.
• Do this one instead and save it as Ch7q10
• SELECT [Client Number], [Client Name], [Amount
Paid], [Current Due],
[Amount Paid] + [Current Due] AS [Total Cost]
FROM [Client]
WHERE [Current Due] > 0
;
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Sorting
• To sort the output, you include an ORDER BY
clause, which consists of the words ORDER BY
followed by the sort key
• Do pages 436-438
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Omitting Duplicates When Sorting
• The DISTINCT operator eliminates duplicate
values in the results of a query
• To use the operator, you follow the word DISTINCT
with the field name in parentheses
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DISTINCT
• Pg. 440 is incorrect
• So do this one instead…
SELECT [Business Analyst Number]
FROM [Client]
ORDER BY [Business Analyst Number]
;
• Now add the word DISTINCT after the word SELECT.
• Look at the difference
• Save the second query as Ch7q14
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Using a Built-In Function
• SQL has built-in functions, also called aggregate
functions, to perform various calculations
– COUNT
– SUM
– AVG
– MAX
– MIN
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Assigning a Name to the Results
of a Function
• You can assign a name to the results of a function
• To do so, follow the expression for the function
with the word AS and then the name to be
assigned to the result
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Using Multiple Functions
in the Same Command
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Functions
• Do pages 441-443
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Using Grouping
• Grouping means creating groups of records that
share some common characteristic
• When you group rows, any calculations indicated
in the SELECT command are performed for the
entire group
– GROUP BY clause – to get subtotals
• Do pages 445-446
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Joining Tables – pages 447-451
• Many queries require data from more than one
table
• Make sure to read the part about Aliases before
doing page 451.
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Subqueries – page 452
• A subquery is a query within another query
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Using an INSERT Command
• You can add records to a table using the SQL
INSERT command
• The command consists of the words INSERT INTO
followed by the name of the table into which the
record is to be inserted
• Next is the word VALUE followed by the values for
the fields in the record
– Values for Text fields must be enclosed within
quotation marks
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Using an UPDATE Command
• You can update records in SQL by using the
UPDATE command
• The command consists of UPDATE, followed by
the name of the table in which records are to be
updated
• Next, the command contains one or more SET
clauses, which consist of the word SET, followed
by a field to be updated, an equal sign, and the
new value
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Using a DELETE Command
• You can delete records in SQL using the DELETE
command
• The command consists of DELETE FROM, followed
by the name of the table from which records are
to be deleted
• Finally, you include a WHERE clause to specify the
criteria
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INSERTing records in a table with SQL
• The queries on pages 455-456 are for a table we
don’t have. Use these instead
• INSERT INTO [Business Analyst]
Values
('40', 'Coleman', 'Sandra', 'ABC', 'Starkville', 'MS',
'39759', 25000, 5000)
;
Save this query as CH7q24
Go look at the Business Analyst table and make sure I
am there! MUST SHOW ME!
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UPDATEing records using SQL
• Type the following query
UPDATE [Business Analyst]
SET [Incentive YTD] = 10000
WHERE [Business Analyst Number] = '40'
;
Save the query as Ch7q25
Now, go check the table and see that it updated!
MUST SHOW ME!
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Deleting Records in SQL
• Type the following
DELETE FROM [Business Analyst]
WHERE [Business Analyst Number] = '40'
;
Now, check the table to make sure I am gone!
Save this query as Ch7q26
MUST SHOW ME!
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What Next?
• Homework
• www.scsite.com/ac2010
• Do Flash Cards.. You get
what you make
• Due next class meeting
Labs
IN THE LAB lab 3: Philamar
Training database.
Page 462.
That’s all for SQL chapter.
Your final exam will be ONLY
SQL…
FINAL EXAM – Wednesday,
Dec. 12 @ 10:15..
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