Study Guide Answers

1) What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic?
• Prokaryotic does not have a nucleus or other organelles. Bacteria are prokaryotic.
• Eukaryotic has a nucleus and organelles.
Plant, animals, and protist are eukaryotic.

2) What 4 things do ALL cells have in common?
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• DNA
• Ribosomes

3) What are the characteristics of the organisms in each kingdom?
Kingdom
PLANT
Characteristics
Multicellular
Makes own food
Examples
Tree
Grass
ANIMAL Multicellular
Heterotrophs
Eukaryotes
Humans
Earthworms jellyfish
PROTISTA Unicellular or multicellular
Eukaryotes
Ameoba
Paramecium
Euglena
Volvox

3)What are the characteristics of the organisms in each kingdom?
Kingdom Characteristic Example
FUNGI
ARCHAEA
BACTERIA
Multicellular
Eukaryotes
Get energy by absorbing other materials
Unicellular
Prokaryotes
Live in extreme conditions
Unicellular
Prokaryotes
Molds
Mushrooms
Yeast (one cell)
Bacteria
Only bacteria

4) What are the products and reactants of photosynthesis?
Reactants (ingredients)
• Carbon dioxide
• Water
• Sunlight or energy
Products
• Oxygen
• Glucose

5) What are the products and reactants of respiration?
Reactants (ingredients)
• Oxygen
• Glucose
Products
• Carbon Dioxide
• Water
• Energy or ATP

6) And 7) Where do they take place?
Respiration
• Mitochondria
Photosynthesis
• In producers or autotrophs
• Chloroplast

8) What organelle does mitosis take place?
• Nucleus

9) What is the difference between mitosis and meiosos
Mitosis
2 Identical Cells
46 chromosomes
1 round of division
Somatic (body) cells
Meiosis
4 unidentical cells
23 chromosomes
2 rounds of division
Sex Cells

10) What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
Diffusion is the transfer of materials across or through the cell membrane.
Osmosis is the transfer of water through the cell membrane.

11) What is the difference between viruses and bacteria?
Virus
Bacteria
•
• Not Living
• Cannot treat with
DNA antibiotics
V
Microbe
Smallest microbe
Pathogen
• Not a cell
• Living
• Treat with antibiotics
• Larger than virus
• Prokaryotic cell

12) What are the different ways organisms in the Kingdom Protists move?
• Flagella- whip or tail like
• Cilia- hair like
• Psuedopod- false feet

13) Describe differences between amoeba, paramecium, Eulgena, and
Volvox.
• See notebook and the chart copied from
Coach page 293
• Amoeba- pseudopod
• Paramecium-cilia, oral groove
• Euglenia- flagella, eyespot, both autotroph and heterotroph
• Volvox- flagella, autotroph, live in colonies

14) What is the difference between a pathogen and a vector?
• A pathogen is a microbe that causes the diseases. A vector is an organisms that carries and spreads the microbe.

15) What is an example of an infectious disease? A non infectious disease?
• Infectious- anything spread by viruses and bacteria. Examples: cold, flu, chicken pox,
STD’s, Ebola
• Non infectious- allergies, asthma, diabetes, and cancer.

16) What are some examples of vectors and what diseases are carried by vectors?
• Ticks- Lyme Disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted
Fever
• Mosquitoes- Malaria, West Nile Fever, Yellow
Fever
• Animals- Rabies
• Humans- STD’s, cold, flu

17) What are some concerns with the overuse of antibiotics and hand sanitizers?
• Kills all bacteria both good and bad.
• Bacteria mutate and multiply quickly and can become resistant to antibiotics.

18) What are examples of diseases caused by virus? Bacteria?
Virus
AIDS
Chicken Pox
Cold
Ebola
Influenza(flu)
Polio
*Rabies (wild animals)
Hepatitis
Small Pox
Measles
*West Nile (mosquitoes)
*Yellow Fever (mosquitoes)
Bacteria
Antrax
B. Meningitis
Leprosy
*Lyme Disease (ticks)
Strep throat
Tuberculosis
Protist
*Dysentery (amoeba)
*Malaria (mosquitoes)
*Spread by a vector

19) What organisms are prokaryotic?
• All bacteria, which includes the Kingdoms of
Archeabacteria and Eubacteria.

• An organism that can only be seen with a microscope. Examples include bacteria, viruses, and protist. Some of them can cause disease and are considered germs.

21) How do hand sanitizers differ from antibiotics?
• Hand sanitizers kill bacteria and germs on the surface. Antibiotics kill bacteria inside the body.

22) What is the difference between a host and a parasite?
• A parasite needs a host in order to survive.
Usually a parasite will cause harm to the host.

23) What are some things that contribute to cancer?
• Smoking, exposure to chemicals and toxins,
UV radiation (sun), radiation, diet, heredity, asbestos

24) What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?
• Bacteria three basic shapes:
A. sphere-shaped bacteria- cocci
B. rod-shaped - bacilli
C. spiral-shaped bacteria- sprilla.

• Bacteria reproduce very rapidly.
• Bacteria doubles as it reproduces.
– Example: If bacteria reproduces every 2 minutes, how many bacteria will there be after 14 minutes?
10
12
14
4
6
8
0
Time
2
4
8
16
# of Bacteria
1
2
32
64
128

26) Why are viruses not considered living things?
• They are not cells. They need a host cell in order to reproduce.
27) What is a mutagen?
• Anything that caused a change in the DNA in a cell.

28) Bacteria multiplies every 5 minutes, how long until 256 bacteria?
25
30
35
40
0
Time
5
10
15
20
# of Bacteria
1
2
4
8
16
32
64
128
256

29) What is an example of an antibiotic?
• Penicillin and amoxcillin

30) What is an epidemic? What is a pandemic?
• Epidemic- disease that spreads over a wide geographic area.
• Pandemic is an epidemic that spreads worldwide.

31) Why is a cell membrane considered semipermeable?
• Because if acts like a window screen and allows certain things to come in and out while keeping other things out of the cell.

32) What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular
• Unicellular- just one cell
• Multicellular- many cells

33) What are some ways diseases are spread?
• Direct contact with an infected organism.
• Water (dysentery)
• Air (coughing, sneezing)
• Sexual contact
• Vectors (mosquitoes, ticks, wild animals)
34) What are some ways to prevent the spread of diseases?
• Avoid contact with someone sick/quarantine
• Control or eliminate vectors
• Immunization/vaccination
• Washing hands
• Good sanitation and hygiene