Chapter 3 Biochemistry
Pg. 50
Section 1: Carbon Compounds
Organic Compounds
• Contain carbon
• Come from living
things
How can you tell whether a compound is organic or
not?
By the presence of the element, carbon.
H2SO4
?
C6H12O6 ?
A carbon atom has 4 electrons in its
outermost energy level…
What does this mean?
It means that carbon will form four
covalent bonds with atoms of other
elements.
A carbon atom
Unlike other elements; however,
• Carbon will also bond with
other carbon atoms
A molecule of ethane
Carbon atoms bond together in
various arrangements…
• Straight chains
• Branched chains
• Rings
Each line in a structural model
represents a single bond where 1 pair
of electrons is shared
• How many pairs
of electrons are
shared in a
double bond?
• Where is the
double bond ?
Functional Groups
• A cluster of atoms that influence the
molecules they compose
• There are 4 functional groups:
1. hydroxyl
2. carboxyl
3. amino
4. phosphate
1. Hydroxyl ( -OH)
* can make the molecule it is attached to
polar
• Polar molecules are soluble in water
• An alcohol is an example of an organic
compound that has a hydroxyl group
An alcohol
called
ethanol
Is alcohol soluble in water?
(Does it dissolve in water?)
• Yes! Because it is a polar compound like
water.
“LIKE
DISSOLVES
LIKE”
2. Carboxyl
Carboxylic acid
3. Amino
• The amino group is found in all amino acids
which make up proteins
4. Phosphate
• Ex. ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• There are 3 phosphate groups in ATP.
• ATP is a molecule that stores energy AND
supplies that energy directly to cells
• Energy is released from ATP when the bonds
between phosphate groups are broken.
For Review:
• What is the name of each functional group?
A.
Hydroxyl
B.
Carboxyl
C.
Amino