BIOL 197L - Lab #6: PLANT
MORPHOLOGY, GROWTH,
MICROANATOMY, AND TRANSPORT
Identify:
Node
Identify:
Internode
Identify (the structure that develops
into flowers and branches):
Axillary or lateral bud
Identify:
Petiole
Identify:
Blade
Identify:
Structure
Primarily present in Monocots or Eudicots?
Fibrous roots
Monocots
Identify:
Structure
Primarily present in Monocots or Eudicots?
Taproot
Eudicots
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Root hairs
Increased surface area for the uptake
of water and nutrients
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Identify:
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Undifferentiated vascular traces
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Axillary or lateral bud
Identify:
Leaf primordia
Identify:
Xylem
Identify:
Vascular tissue that is differentiating
into vessel elements of the xylem
Plants are characterized by which type
of growth?
Indeterminate growth
Stems that grow underground:
Rhizomes
Roots that grow aboveground
Adventitious roots
What are the four primary functions of roots?
(1) Anchorage of the plant in soil
(2) Absorption of water and minerals from the soil
(3) Conduction of water and minerals from the region
of absorption to the base of the stem
(4) Starch storage to varying degree
Identify:
Primary root
Identify:
Secondary root
Plants have three main tissue systems,
what are they?
Dermal
Ground
Vascular
Identify:
Monocot root
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Xylem
Transportation of water and nutrients
Identify:
What does it contain?
Stele, or vascular cylinder
Contains the vascular tissues
The root is the only plant organ that
has a vascular cylinder
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Phloem
Transportation of synthate
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Pericycle: The outmost cell layer of the vascular cylinder,
although not xylem or phloem. The pericycle is unique to roots.
Gives rise to lateral roots
The vascular tissue system contains the:
Xylem
Phloem
Identify:
Cortex
Identify:
Pith
Note that roots typically lack a central pith,
but you will see examples of pith when you
look at cross sections of stems.
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Endodermis
Contains the casparian strip that works to prevent
water from exiting the roots
The ground tissues have many
important roles in plants such as:
Support, storage, and photosynthesis
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Epidermis
Covered in a waxy cuticle
Works to prevent water loss
In woody plants the epidermis is
replaced by a tissue known as:
The periderm
Which consists of:
The cork and cork cambium
The dermal tissue system forms which
layer of cells?
Epidermis
Endodermis
Identify:
Cell type
Properties and functions
Parenchyma
Thin cell walls with large vacuoles
The most common cell in plants
Photosynthetis, storage of carbohydrates, support, and lateral transport
Parenchyma cells make up the bulk of the cortex, pith, xylem, and phloem
Alive when functioning
Identify:
Cell type
Properties and functions
Collenchyma
Uneven thickening of cell walls
Provide flexible support
Alive when functioning
Identify:
Cell type
Properties and functions
Sclerenchyma
Supportive cells
Lignin
Dead when functioning
Identify:
Stele or vascular cylinder
Identify:
Cortex
Identify:
Epidermis
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Monocot or Eudicot?
Xylem vessel
Transportation of water and nutrients
Dead when functioning
Eudicot
Identify:
Phloem
Transports photosynthetic synthate
Living when functioning
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Pericycle
Gives rise to lateral roots
The outmost layer of the vascular cylinder
Identify:
Endodermis
Contains the casparian strip that forces water and nutrients
out of the apoplast and into the symplast. The innermost
layer of the cortex and it is unique to roots.
Identify:
Root cap
Identify the three regions of the root:
Identify the three regions of the root:
Region of cell division
Identify:
Region of elongation
Identify:
Region of maturation
Identify:
Structure
Monocot or Eudicot?
Monocot stem
Identify:
Vascular bundle
Identify:
Epidermis
Identify:
Parenchyma
Identify:
Vessel
Identify:
Phloem
Sieve tube members and companion cells
Identify:
Structure
Monocot or Eudicot?
Eudicot stem
Identify:
Epidermis
Identify:
Cortex
Identify:
Pith
Identify:
Vascular bundle
Identify:
Fiber bundle cap
Identify:
Gives rise to
Vascular cambium
Secondary growth
Identify:
Xylem vessels
Identify:
Xylem tracheids
Identify:
Trichomes (leaf hairs)
Stomata
Guard cells
Transpiration
Identify:
Mesophyll
Identify:
Upper epidermis
Identify:
Stomata
Identify:
Phloem
Identify:
Xylem
The layer below the stomata is the:
Substomatal chamber
The two types of lateral meristems are
the:
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium
Vascular cambium produces:
Secondary xylem towards the pith and
secondary phloem towards the cortex
Secondary xylem is also known as:
Wood
The cork cambium and cork (dead at
maturity) that is produced are known
collectively as the:
It replaces the epidermis and cortex in
stems and roorts with continual
secondary growth; these new layers
(secondary phloem and periderm) are
known as:
Bark
Annual rings are made of secondary xylem,
which make up the wood of the stem
surrounding the pith. Each annual ring has
several rows of spring wood, thin-walled,
large-diameter cells that grew in the
spring, and, outside of these, a few rows of
summer wood, thick-walled, smallerdiameter cells that grew in the summer
when water was less abundant.
Does this make sense?
Spring = more available water = larger cells
Summer = less available water = smaller cells
Thus, you can distinguish spring wood and
summer wood by thicker and thinner rings,
respectively.
Which type of wood is this?
Spring wood
Which type of wood is this?
Summer wood
Identify:
Pith
Identify:
Lateral ray
Identify:
Annual ring
Identify:
Xylem vessels
Identify:
Vascular cambium
Identify:
Phloem
Identify:
Phloem ray
Identify:
Cork cambium
Identify:
Cork