Name: ____________________________ Date: _____________ Period: _____
Middle East Governments
Review! Match the word and definition.
1. Unitary
2. Confederation
3. Federal
4. Autocracy
5. Oligarchy
6. Democracy
7. Parliamentary Democracy
8. Presidential Democracy
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
People vote for Parliamentary members
Local governments hold the power
Rule by the people
Rule by a few
Rule by one
The central government holds all the power
Power is shared by central and local governments
People vote for the president separately from the legislature.
GPS SS7CG4a. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, federal.
How Governments Distribute Power:
Unitary
(Uni- means 1; all power is in 1 place)
• Power is held by the national (central) government.
• Local governments, if any, are under the national government’s control.
• Example: Saudi Arabia
Confederation
• The local governments hold all the power.
• The central government has only as much power as the local governments are willing to give.
• Nowadays - countries form confederations to band together for a specific purpose.
• Examples
– the League of Arab States
– OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
Federal
• Power is shared or divided among different levels of government.
• The central or national government has more power than the local governments.
• Example: Israel
Sample Test Question
In Nigeria’s government, power is divided between Central and regional authorities. This is an example of
which government type?
A. Unitary
B. Confederation
C. Federal
CRCT Test Prep pages 98-99
282. In a unitary government system, most of the power is in the hands of the
A. individual voters
B. king and advisors
C. local governments
D. central government
283. Which of the following countries would be a good example of a unitary government?
A. Israel
B. Lebanon
C. Saudi Arabia
D. the United States
284. In a confederation government system, most of the power is in the hands of the
A. legislature
B. Individual voters
C. Local governments
D. Central government
285. What is a weakness of a confederation government system?
A. A confederation is very expensive.
B. Confederations are too large to rule effectively.
C. A confederation does not share power with its members.
D. The central government has only as much power as the local governments are willing to give.
286. Which Southwest Asian country would be a good example of a federal system of government?
A. Iran
B. Israel
C. Kuwait
D. Saudi Arabia
Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________ Period: _____________
GPS SS7CG4b. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and
democratic.
How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
Autocratic
One person possesses unlimited power.
The citizen has limited, if any, role in government.
• The oldest form of government.
•
One of the most common forms of government.
•
Maintain power through inheritance or ruthless use of military and police power.
Forms of Autocratic Govts.
•
Absolute or Totalitarian Dictatorship
•
Ideas of a single leader glorified.
•
Government tries to control all aspects of social and economic life.
•
Government is not responsible to the people.
•
People lack the power to limit their rulers.
Examples- Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin
Absolute Monarchy
•
King, queen, or emperor exercises the supreme powers of government/unlimited power.
•
Position is usually inherited.
•
People lack the power to limit their rulers.
•
Absolute monarchs are rare today but from the 1400s to the 1700s they ruled most of
Western Europe.
•
Examples- King of Saudi Arabia.
Oligarchy
Government by the few.
Sometimes a small group exercises control, especially for corrupt and selfish purposes.
The citizen has a very limited role.
• The group gets its power from military power, social power, wealth, religion or a combination.
•
Political opposition is usually suppressed- sometimes violently.
•
Examples:
• Syria – ruling political party makes most decisions
• Iran – small group of religious and political leaders makes many of the decisions
Autocracy & Oligarchy
• Sometimes claim they rule for the people.
•
In reality, the people have very little say in both types of government.
• Examples- May hold elections with only one candidate or control the results in various
ways.
• Examples- Even when these governments have a legislature or national assembly, they
often only approve decisions made by the leaders.
Democracy
• People play a greater role in deciding who the leaders are and what decisions are made.
•
Decisions are often made by majority vote, but laws are in place to protect individuals.
• Examples- Israel
Sample Test Question
What is a basic way citizens of a democratic nation can influence the government?
A. voting
B. working
C. obeying laws
D. consuming goods
CRCT Test Prep pages 99-100
287. Who makes most of the important governmental decisions in an autocracy?
A. the ruler
B. the people
C. the court system
D. the elected legislature
288. Which Southwest Asian country could be described as an autocracy?
A. Iraq
B. Israel
C. Turkey
D. Saudi Arabia
289. Who makes most of the important governmental decisions in an oligarchy?
A. the king
B. the people
C. the legislature
D. a small group of powerful leaders
290. Why do the individual voters have more power in a democracy than they do in an autocracy or an oligarchy?
A. kings are always cruel rulers.
B. The voters get to choose the people who make the laws.
C. All of the power stays in the hands of the local governments.
D. Voters in democratic countries always choose qualified leaders.
291. Which Southwest Asian country has a democratic form of government?
A. Iran
B. Israel
C. Kuwait
D. Saudi Arabia
The Saudi royal family controls the national government of Saudi Arabia. The king is the son of
the previous king, and his son will rule after him. All government leaders serve by appointment
from the king. The king appoints the governors of the provinces, as well. The king has the ability to
remove any government official from a village, town, or province. The governments of the
provinces and towns have no rights or authority.
292. If the Saudi royal family controls the government of Saudi Arabia, and the king is the ruler, what type of government is this?
A. unitary
B. federation
C. confederation
D. parliamentary
293. If the Saudi royal family controls the government of Saudi Arabia, and the king is the ruler, which best describes Saudi Arabia’s
government?
A. democracy
C. monarchy
B. dictatorship
D. oligarchy
Name: _____________________________ Date: _________________ Period: ____________
GPS SS7CG4c. Describe the 2 predominate forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and
presidential.
Parliamentary Democracy
• People elect legislature or parliament (law-makers).
• Executive leaders (prime ministers or premiers) are chosen in different ways in different countries.
• Leaders may be voted out before the end of their term if their political party loses power.
• In Israel, the political party in Parliament with the most members chooses the prime minister.
Presidential Democracy
• Also called Congressional Form of Government.
• President is chosen separately from legislature (lawmakers)
• President is chief executive and head of state.
• It is the duty of the president to see that the laws passed by the legislature are enforced.
• Presidents do not lose their job if their political party loses power.
Main Difference Between Presidential and Parliamentary Democracies
• Parliamentary: voters elect Parliament (legislature).
• Presidential: voters elect Congress (legislature) AND President.
Sample Test Question
In which system of government does the legislature select the executive leader of the government?
A. democratic
B. communist
C. parliamentary
D. Totalitarian
Sample Test Question
Which statement about Israel’s parliamentary system of government today is true?
A. Members of both houses of Parliament are elected for life.
B. The queen decides which laws Parliament will debate.
C. Members of Parliament do not belong to political parties.
D. The prime minister is not directly chosen by voters.
CRCT Test Prep pages 101-102
294. Which branch of government is responsible for making and carrying out the laws in a parliamentary
system of government?
A. executive
B. judicial
C. legislative
D. the monarch
295. The leader of a parliamentary system is often called the
A. king
B. president.
C. governor.
D. prime minister.
296. The leader of a parliamentary system is chosen by?
A. the king
B. a popular vote of the people
C. a decision of the national courts
D. the political party with the most representatives in the legislature
297. The Head of State in a parliamentary system is often a person who has
A. no actual power.
B. a veto for laws passed by the legislature.
C. the most power in the national government.
D. a ceremonial role without much actual power.
298. In a presidential system of government, how is a president chosen?
A. by a decision of the national courts
B. by a majority vote of the legislature
C. in a separate vote from the one that chooses the legislature
D. by the political party with the most representatives in the legislature
299. What is the role of the president regarding the laws passed by the legislature?
A. The president must enforce those laws.
B. The president can change the laws he doesn’t like.
C. The president sends the laws to the states for approval.
D. Laws passed by the legislature do not have to go to the president for approval.
Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________ Period: _________
Types of Government in the Middle East
GPS: SS7CG5a. The student will compare the parliamentary democracy of the State of Israel, the
monarchy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the theocracy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Israel - Type of leader
• Israel is a parliamentary democracy.
• The president is head of state and serves in a primarily ceremonial role (Shimon Peres).
• The prime minister is the head of government (Benjamin Netanyahu).
Israel – Becoming the leader
• President is elected by the Knesset (parliament).
• After election, President nominates a member of the Knesset to become the Prime Minister (following a
vote of confidence from the Knesset)
Israel – Role of Citizen
Citizens over 18 can vote for members of the unicameral legislature called the Knesset.
Israel – Personal Freedoms
• Freedom of Speech – Yes
• Freedom of the Press - Yes
Saudi Arabia
• Saudi Arabia is by far the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula.
• Non-Muslims are not allowed to enter Mecca, Islam’s holiest city.
Saudi Arabia
• In the 1920s a local ruler from the Saud family of central Arabia conquered his neighbors and in 1932
created the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• Members of the Saud family have ruled the country ever since.
• Riyadh, a city near the center of the country, became the capital.
Saudi Arabia – Form of Government
• The government of Saudi Arabia is an Islamic Absolute Monarchy ruled by the sons and grandsons of
the first king, Abd Al Aziz Al Saud.
Saudi Arabia – Form of Government
• Saudi Arabia’s government has no written constitution or elected legislature.
• However, its basic law of government proclaims that the Qur’an is the constitution of the country which
is governed on the basis of the Sharia (Islamic Law).
Saudi Arabia – Title of Leader
• King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud is the current King of Saudi Arabia and Head of the House of
Saud.
• Most government officials are relatives of the king.
• The king may ask members of his family, Islamic scholars, and tribal leaders for advice on important
decisions.
Saudi Arabia – Becoming the Leader
• The right of succession is hereditary (passed down through the family).
•
•
A newly established council selects a successor among the crown princes of the Saudi royal family.
The King’s power is limited by Islamic law and he must build consensus among religious leaders and
other influential Saudis.
Saudi Arabia – Role of Citizen (Voting Rights)
• There are no voting rights or official political parties in this country.
• The role of the citizen in Saudi Arabia is to obey the King.
Saudi Arabia – Personal Freedoms
• Freedom of Speech – No
• Freedom of the Press - No
Iran – Type of Leader
• Iran is a theocratic republic with a presidential system.
• The government of Iran is based on Islamic law.
• The Supreme Leader of Iran, who is a religious leader, is chief of state and has final say on all matters.
• The Supreme Leader is commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
Iran – Becoming the Leader
• The Supreme Leader is selected by the Council of Experts.
• The Council of Experts, as well as the legislature and president, are elected by popular vote.
• While the president is head of government, he may be removed by the Supreme Leader at any time.
Iran – Role of Citizen
• There is universal suffrage (voting) for everyone over 18.
• The role of the citizen in Iran is to obey the Supreme Leader.
Iran – Personal Freedoms
• Freedom of Speech – No
• Freedom of the Press - No
CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105
300. The Israeli parliament (legislature) is called the
A. Senate
B. Knesset
C. Congress
D. House of Representatives
301. What role do religious leaders play in the Israeli government?
A. They have some influence in making laws.
B. They are not allowed to run for political office.
C. Religious leaders always control which candidates are elected.
D. They are guaranteed a certain number of representatives in each election.
302. Who is allowed to vote in Israeli elections?
A. all citizens 16 years of age or older
B. all citizens 18 years of age or older
C. only men who can prove they are Israeli citizens
D. only those who were actually born in the State of Israel
303. How often are elections for the national government held in Israel?
A. Elections are held every 6 years.
B. Party members are elected for life.
C. Religious leaders can require new elections whenever they like.
D. Elections are held every 4 years unless the ruling party calls for them to be held sooner.
304. Saudi Arabia is ruled by a
A. king.
B. popularly elected president.
C. representative government.
D. group of leading religious leaders.
305. How long does a monarch rule?
A. one elected term
B. a term of 10 years
C. as long as Parliament allows him to rule
D. until he dies or chooses to give up power
306. What role do the people play in a government that is a monarchy like that of Saudi Arabia?
A. They have the power to vote a ruler out of office.
B. The people get to approve the laws made by the ruler.
C. They are guaranteed certain rights by their written constitution.
D. They have little influence, as the ruler makes most decisions.
307. What is Sharia law?
A. laws made by the king alone
B. laws based on Parliamentary democracy
C. laws based on the teachings of the Qur’an
D. laws calling for a separation of church and state
308. What is the definition of a “theocracy”??
A. a government that sees God as the supreme ruler
B. a government that allows people to choose the leaders
C. a system in which religious law and civil law are separate
D. a system in which only religious leaders are allowed to vote
309. Why is Iran sometimes called a theocratic republic?
A. Iran’s religious leaders make all the laws for the country.
B. Religious leaders decide which Iranian citizens can vote.
C. The people of Iran have no say in choosing their government leaders.
D. Iran’s government is led by both an elected parliament and powerful religious leaders.
310. What is an Ayatollah?
A. a Christian priest
B. a Shi’a religious leader
C. The title of a local governor
D. a leader of a Jewish congregation
Name: ____________________________ Date: _____________ Period: _____
Middle East Governments
Review! Match the word and definition.
9. Unitary
10. Confederation
11. Federal
12. Autocracy
13. Oligarchy
14. Democracy
15. Parliamentary Democracy
16. Presidential Democracy
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
People vote for Parliamentary members
Local governments hold the power
Rule by the people
Rule by a few
Rule by one
The central government holds all the power
Power is shared by central and local governments
People vote for the president separately from the legislature.
GPS SS7CG4a. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, federal.
How Governments Distribute Power:
Unitary
(_____- means __; all ___________ is in 1 place)
• ____________ is held by the national (___________) government.
• ___________ governments, if any, are _________ the _____________ government’s _____________.
• Example: _______________ ____
Confederation
• The __________ governments hold all the ___________.
• The __________ government has ________ as much ____________ as the __________ governments
are willing to _________.
• Nowadays - ___________ form ________________ to _________ together for a specific ___________.
• Examples
– the League of Arab States
– __________ (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
Federal
• Power is ___________ _________ among different levels of government.
• The ___________ or national government has ________ _____________ than the local governments.
• Example: _______________
Sample Test Question
In Nigeria’s government, power is divided between Central and regional authorities. This is an example of
which government type?
A. Unitary
B. Confederation
C. Federal
CRCT Test Prep pages 98-99
282. In a unitary government system, most of the power is in the hands of the
A. individual voters
B. king and advisors
C. local governments
D. central government
283. Which of the following countries would be a good example of a unitary government?
A. Israel
B. Lebanon
C. Saudi Arabia
D. the United States
284. In a confederation government system, most of the power is in the hands of the
A. legislature
B. Individual voters
C. Local governments
D. Central government
285. What is a weakness of a confederation government system?
A. A confederation is very expensive.
B. Confederations are too large to rule effectively.
C. A confederation does not share power with its members.
D. The central government has only as much power as the local governments are willing to give.
286. Which Southwest Asian country would be a good example of a federal system of government?
A. Iran
B. Israel
C. Kuwait
D. Saudi Arabia
Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________ Period: _____________
GPS SS7CG4b. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and
democratic.
How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
Autocratic
_______ person possesses _______________ power.
The __________ has _____________, if any, _________ in government.
• The ____________ form of government.
•
One of the most _________________ forms of government.
•
Maintain power through ______________ or ruthless _____ of military and police __________.
Forms of Autocratic Governments:
•
Absolute or Totalitarian Dictatorship
•
_________ of a single leader
.
•
Government tries to
all aspects of social and economic
•
Government is
responsible to the people.
•
People
the
to
their
Examples, Mussolini, Stalin
.
.
Absolute Monarchy
•
, queen, or emperor exercises the supreme
of
government/______________ power.
•
Position is usually
.
•
People
the power to
their
.
•
monarchs are
today but from the 1400s to the 1700s
they
most of Western
.
•
Examples- King of
.
Oligarchy
Government by the
.
Sometimes a small
exercises
, especially for
and selfish
______________.
The
has a very
role.
• The group gets its
from
power,
power,
,
religion or a combination.
•
Political opposition is usually
- sometimes
.
•
Examples:
• Syria – ruling political party makes most decisions
•
– small group of religious and political leaders makes many of the
decisions
Autocracy & Oligarchy
• Sometimes
they rule
the
.
•
In
, the people have very
say in both types of government.
• Examples- May hold
with only
candidate or
the__________________ in various ways.
• Examples- Even when these
have a
national assembly, they often only
decisions made by the
or
.
Democracy
• People play a greater role in
who the
made.
•
Decisions are often made by majority
, but
individuals.
• Examples- _______________
are and what
are
are in place to _________________
Sample Test Question
What is a basic way citizens of a democratic nation can influence the government?
A. voting
C. obeying laws
B. working
D. consuming goods
CRCT Test Prep pages 99-100
287. Who makes most of the important governmental decisions in an autocracy?
A. the ruler
C. the court system
B. the people
D. the elected legislature
288. Which Southwest Asian country could be described as an autocracy?
A. Iraq
C. Turkey
B. Israel
D. Saudi Arabia
289. Who makes most of the important governmental decisions in an oligarchy?
A. the king
C. the legislature
B. the people
D. a small group of powerful leaders
290. Why do the individual voters have more power in a democracy than they do in an autocracy or an
oligarchy?
A. kings are always cruel rulers.
B. The voters get to choose the people who make the laws.
C. All of the power stays in the hands of the local governments.
D. Voters in democratic countries always choose qualified leaders.
291. Which Southwest Asian country has a democratic form of government?
A. Iran
C. Kuwait
B. Israel
D. Saudi Arabia
292. If the Saudi royal family controls the government of Saudi Arabia, and the king is the ruler, what type of
government is this?
A. unitary
C. confederation
B. federation
D. parliamentary
293. If the Saudi royal family controls the government of Saudi Arabia, and the king is the ruler, which best
describes Saudi Arabia’s government?
A. democracy
C. monarchy
B. dictatorship
D. oligarchy
Name: _____________________________ Date: _________________ Period: ____________
GPS SS7CG4c. Describe the 2 predominate forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and
presidential.
Parliamentary Democracy
• People
legislature or
(law-makers).
• Executive
(prime ministers or premiers) are
in different ways in
________________ countries.
• Leaders may be
out before the
of their
if their political party
power.
• In
, the political
in Parliament with the
members
the prime
minister.
Presidential Democracy
• Also called
Form of Government.
• President is chosen
from
(lawmakers)
• President is chief
and head of
.
• It is the
of the president to see that the
passed by the legislature are
• Presidents do
lose their
if their political
loses
.
.
Main Difference Between Presidential and Parliamentary Democracies
• Parliamentary:
elect
(legislature).
• Presidential:
elect
(legislature) AND
.
Sample Test Question
In which system of government does the legislature select the executive leader of the government?
A. democratic
B. communist
C. parliamentary
D. Totalitarian
Sample Test Question
Which statement about Israel’s parliamentary system of government today is true?
A. Members of both houses of Parliament are elected for life.
B. The queen decides which laws Parliament will debate.
C. Members of Parliament do not belong to political parties.
D. The prime minister is not directly chosen by voters.
CRCT Test Prep pages 101-102
294. Which branch of government is responsible for making and carrying out the laws in a parliamentary
system of government?
A. executive
B. judicial
C. legislative
D. the monarch
295. The leader of a parliamentary system is often called the
A. king
B. president.
C. governor.
D. prime minister.
296. The leader of a parliamentary system is chosen by?
A. the king
B. a popular vote of the people
C. a decision of the national courts
D. the political party with the most representatives in the legislature
297. The Head of State in a parliamentary system is often a person who has
A. no actual power.
B. a veto for laws passed by the legislature.
C. the most power in the national government.
D. a ceremonial role without much actual power.
298. In a presidential system of government, how is a president chosen?
A. by a decision of the national courts
B. by a majority vote of the legislature
C. in a separate vote from the one that chooses the legislature
D. by the political party with the most representatives in the legislature
299. What is the role of the president regarding the laws passed by the legislature?
A. The president must enforce those laws.
B. The president can change the laws he doesn’t like.
C. The president sends the laws to the states for approval.
D. Laws passed by the legislature do not have to go to the president for approval.
Name: ________________________________ Date: ______________ Period: _________
Types of Government in the Middle East
GPS: SS7CG5a. The student will compare the parliamentary democracy of the State of Israel, the
monarchy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the theocracy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Israel - Type of leader
•
is a
• The
is
of
(Shimon Peres).
• The
minister is the
democracy.
and serves in a primarily
of
role
(Benjamin Netanyahu).
Israel – Becoming the leader
•
is
by the
(parliament).
• After election, President
a member of the
to become the Prime
________________ (following a vote of
from the Knesset)
Israel – Role of Citizen
Citizens over
can vote for members of the
legislature called the
.
Israel – Personal Freedoms
• Freedom of Speech – _______
• Freedom of the Press - ________
Saudi Arabia
• Saudi Arabia is by far the
• Non-Muslims are
country of the Arabian
allowed to enter
, Islam’s
.
city.
Saudi Arabia
• In the
a local
from the
family of central Arabia
neighbors and in 1932 created the
of Saudi Arabia.
• Members of the
family have
the country
since.
•
, a city near the center of the country, became the
.
Saudi Arabia – Form of Government
• The government of Saudi Arabia is an
and grandsons of the first
, Abd Al Aziz Al Saud.
Saudi Arabia – Form of Government
• Saudi Arabia’s government has
written
• However, its basic law of government proclaims that the
country which is governed on the basis of the
his
ruled by the sons
or elected
is the
(Islamic Law).
.
of the
Saudi Arabia – Title of Leader
• King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud is the current
of Saudi Arabia and Head of the House
of Saud.
• Most government officials are
of the king.
• The king may
members of his
, Islamic
, and
leaders
for
on important decisions.
Saudi Arabia – Becoming the Leader
• The right of succession is
• A newly established council selects a
royal family.
• The King’s power is
by
religious leaders and other influential Saudis.
(passed down through the family).
among the crown
of the Saudi
law and he must build
Saudi Arabia – Role of Citizen (Voting Rights)
• There are
voting
or official political
• The role of the
in Saudi Arabia is to
the
among
in this country.
.
Saudi Arabia – Personal Freedoms
• Freedom of Speech – _____
• Freedom of the Press - _______
Iran – Type of Leader
• Iran is a
with a presidential system.
• The government of Iran is based on
law.
• The
of Iran, who is a
leader, is chief of state and has
______________ say on all matters.
• The Supreme Leader is
of the
forces.
Iran – Becoming the Leader
• The Supreme Leader is
by the Council of
• The
of Experts, as well as the
______________ by popular
.
• While the
is head of government, he may be
_______________ at any time.
Iran – Role of Citizen
• There is universal suffrage (
• The role of the
.
and
) for everyone over
.
in Iran is to
the Supreme
Iran – Personal Freedoms
• Freedom of Speech – ______
• Freedom of the Press - ________
CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105
300. The Israeli parliament (legislature) is called the
A. Senate
B. Knesset
C. Congress
D. House of Representatives
301. What role do religious leaders play in the Israeli government?
A. They have some influence in making laws.
B. They are not allowed to run for political office.
C. Religious leaders always control which candidates are elected.
D. They are guaranteed a certain number of representatives in each election.
, are
by the Supreme
.
302. Who is allowed to vote in Israeli elections?
A. all citizens 16 years of age or older
B. all citizens 18 years of age or older
C. only men who can prove they are Israeli citizens
D. only those who were actually born in the State of Israel
303. How often are elections for the national government held in Israel?
A. Elections are held every 6 years.
B. Party members are elected for life.
C. Religious leaders can require new elections whenever they like.
D. Elections are held every 4 years unless the ruling party calls for them to be held sooner.
304. Saudi Arabia is ruled by a
A. king.
B. popularly elected president.
C. representative government.
D. group of leading religious leaders.
305. How long does a monarch rule?
A. one elected term
B. a term of 10 years
C. as long as Parliament allows him to rule
D. until he dies or chooses to give up power
306. What role do the people play in a government that is a monarchy like that of Saudi Arabia?
A. They have the power to vote a ruler out of office.
B. The people get to approve the laws made by the ruler.
C. They are guaranteed certain rights by their written constitution.
D. They have little influence, as the ruler makes most decisions.
307. What is Sharia law?
A. laws made by the king alone
B. laws based on Parliamentary democracy
C. laws based on the teachings of the Qur’an
D. laws calling for a separation of church and state
308. What is the definition of a “theocracy”??
A. a government that sees God as the supreme ruler
B. a government that allows people to choose the leaders
C. a system in which religious law and civil law are separate
D. a system in which only religious leaders are allowed to vote
309. Why is Iran sometimes called a theocratic republic?
A. Iran’s religious leaders make all the laws for the country.
B. Religious leaders decide which Iranian citizens can vote.
C. The people of Iran have no say in choosing their government leaders.
D. Iran’s government is led by both an elected parliament and powerful religious leaders.
310. What is an Ayatollah?
A. a Christian priest
B. a Shi’a religious leader
C. The title of a local governor
D. a leader of a Jewish congregation