Compounds : Name, Molecular Formula, Boiling Point, Density – Structural Formula & Uses
1 carbon 2 Carbons 3 Carbons 4 Carbons 5 Carbons 6 Carbons 7 Carbons 8 Carbons 9 Carbons 10 Carbons
Meth- Eth- Prop- But- Pent- Hex- Hept- Oct- Non- Dec-
( Root Word : -ane (Only single bonds), -ene (One double bond), -yne (One triple bond))
Name Molecular Formula
Boiling Point
°
C (Density g/mL)
#
Methane CH
4 -162
°
C (0.00072)
1
Uses : Natural Gas for heating homes
Ethane C
2
H
6 - 89
°
C (0.00121)
2
Ethene C
2
H
4 - 104
°
C (0.00118)
7
Ethyne C
2
H
2 - 84
°
C (0.00109)
8
Single Bond
Uses : Natural Gas & Chem Industry
Propane C
3
H
8 -42
°
C (0.00183
)
3
Uses : (Commons uses for each compound)
Double Bond
Uses : Plastics, ripen fruits faster
Triple Bond
Uses : Welding (acetylene torch)
(Unsaturated Hydrocarbons)
Uses : Barbeque Grills & Home
Heating
Butane C
4
H
10 -0.5
°
C (0.0024)
4
Isobutane C
4
H
10 -11.7
°
C
(0.0023)
9
Cyclobutane C
4
H
8 12.5
°
C
(0.721)
10
Uses : Lighter Fluid
Hexane C
6
H
14 69
°
C (0.654)
5
Uses : Refrigerant, propellant for aerosol cans such as reddi whip Uses : (None listed)
Uses : Industrial cleaners, glues, roofing
Isooctane C
8
H
18 99
°
C
(0.688)
11
Cyclooctane C
8
H
16 149
°
C
(0.834)
12
Octane C
8
H
18 125
°
C (0.703)
6
Uses :
(Found in Gasoline)
Straight Chain
Uses : Gasoline used in cars (Octane rating of 100)
Branched Chain
Uses : Organic Solvent
Rings

Isomers = Two compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures (see # 4 & 9)
Ethanol C
2
H
5
OH
78.4
°
C
(0.789)
13
Uses : Alcohol in beer, wine, liquor
Acetic Acid C
2
H
4
O
2 118.1
°
C
(1.049)
16
Uses : Vinegar smell, paints, adhesives
Propanol C
3
H
7
OH
97.1
°
C
(0.803)
14
Uses : resins, pharmaceutical solvent
Acetone C
3
H
6
O
56.5
°
C
(0.790)
17
11
Uses : Nail polish remover, paint thinner
Isopropyl alcohol C
3
H
7
OH
82.3
°
C (0.780)
15
Uses : Rubbing Alcohol, solvent
Ethyl formate C
3
H
6
O
2 54.0
°
C
(0.917)
18
12
Uses : Raspberry flavoring, Rum smell
(Glucose C
6
H
12
O
6
) ( Starch = hundreds to thousands of glucose monomers) (Sucrose C
12
H
22
O
11
– Table sugar)

Carbon Compounds and their Structures Name: ______________________
Cc.4: Explain the unique bonding characteristics of carbon that have resulted in the formation of a large variety of organic structures.
Cc.5: Illustrate the structural formulas and names of simple hydrocarbons (including alkanes and their isomers and benzene rings ).
Complete the table below:
Compound
Name
Ethene (7)
Chemical
Formula
Boiling
Point
Density
(g/mL)
Drawing of Chemical Structure
(List some common uses)
Ethane (2)
Butane (4) C
4
H
10
Cyclobutane
(10)
- 0.5
°
C 0.0024 g/mL
H H H H Uses : Lighter Fluid
| | | |
H – C – C – C – C – H
| | | |
H H H H
Octane (6)
Isooctane
(11)
1) What two elements (atoms) appear in every hydrocarbon listed 1-12? ___________ ___________
2) Looking at compounds 1 - 6 (Methane - Octane). What is the difference between each compound? What is being added?
3) Looking at compounds 1 – 6. Rank the compounds from (low-High) according to their boiling points & density.
(Lowest) (Highest)
Boiling Point 162
°
C
Density 0.00072 g/mL
4) Each carbon atom forms ________ TOTAL bonds between atoms. (Look at all compounds 1-18)
125
°
0.703 g/mL
5) How many carbon atoms and there in Ethane (2) _______, Ethene (7) ________, and Ethyne (8)_________?
C

6) How does the single, double, and triple bonds affect the boiling point and density between Ethane (2), Ethene
(7), and Ethyne (8)? EXPLAIN
7) List two examples for each of the following structures: (Provide the compound name and Molecular Formula )
Straight Chain
4
10
Branched Chain
Ring
8) How does the boiling point and density change between the Straight, Branched, and Ring structures?
9) For each of these compounds, the ______________ atom is the backbone ( connecting all of the atoms together).
10) Complete the table below
(List some common uses) Compound Name Chemical
Formula
Propanol (14)
Boiling
Point (
°
C)
Density
(g/mL)
Isopropyl Alcohol
Acetone (17)
Ethyl Formate (18)
11) What three elements (atoms) appear in every compound 13-18?
12) Compared to the hydrocarbons 1-12, when oxygen is added to a compound, the boiling point tends
to increase or decrease . (Circle the correct answer)
13) Acetone (17) is poisonous, but Ethanol (13), Acetic Acid (16) and Ethyl Formate (18) are common in many foods. What do you see that is different about the structure of Acetone that could cause it to be poisonous?
14) Looking at compound 1-18, list the two pairs of ISOMERS .
15) Looking at compound 1-18. Which compounds are gases at room temperature (Boiling points below 15
°
C) ?
16) What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon? (See the section on fats)
17) What is the difference between a Trans Fat and an Unsaturated fat?
18) What is the structure of starch?
19) The backbone atoms of proteins are __________________________________. ( What connects them together?)
20) List at least two differences between Starch and Proteins.

9.5
Due to its unique chemical structure, carbon forms many organic and inorganic compounds.
--Carbon atoms can bond to one another in chains, rings, and branching networks to form a variety of structures, including fossil fuels, synthetic polymers and large molecules of life (organic polymers).
D 13. Explain how the structure of carbon atom affects the type of bonds it forms in organic and inorganic molecules.
--Due to the number of valence electrons (4 Ve ) in a carbon atom, carbon can form four total bonds with many combinations of single, double and triple bonds.
1) All hydrocarbons contain the elements (atoms) ___________ and ___________.
2) Typically, larger/longer straight chain hydrocarbons have ___________ boiling points and
___________ densities.
3) Compared to straight chain compounds with the same number of carbon atoms, branched chains have ____________ boiling points and densities and ring structures have _____________ boiling points and densities.
4) The carbon atom can form _______ total bonds including a combination of single, ___________, and
__________ bonds.
COAL