The Twenties and the Great Depression Test Bank
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were charged with, and convicted of,
A. treason.
B. anarchy.
C. receiving bribes.
D. robbery and murder.
The immigration policies of the 1920s limited immigration from all of the following countries
except
A. Italy.
B. Japan.
C. Mexico.
D. England.
During the 1920s, union membership
A. remained constant.
B. increased slightly.
C. increased considerably.
D. dropped considerably.
The first practical peacetime use of airplanes was for
A. crop-dusting.
B. carrying mail.
C. carrying passengers.
D. weather forecasting.
The main factor causing urban sprawl in the 1920s was
A. the automobile.
B. the use of electricity.
C. growth in industry.
D. a change in the birthrate.
The Teapot Dome scandal centered around
A. gold mines.
B. union members.
C. high tariffs.
D. oil-rich lands.
To protect their own interests, employers often accused striking workers of being
A. spies.
B. Communists.
C. bigots.
D. nativists.
.
It was difficult to enforce the laws governing prohibition for all of the following reasons except
A. many people were determined to break the laws.
B. insufficient funds were provided to pay for enforcement.
C. many law enforcement officials took bribes from smugglers and bootleggers.
D. prohibition banned only alcoholic beverages manufactured in the United States.
To obtain liquor illegally, drinkers went underground to hidden nightclubs known as
A. speakeasies.
B. penthouses.
C. tenements.
D. tea rooms.
The Harlem Renaissance refers to
A. a struggle for civil rights led by the NAACP.
B. a population increase in Harlem in the 1920s.
C. a program to promote African-American owned businesses.
D. a celebration of African-American culture in literature and art.
John T. Scopes challenged a Tennessee law that forbade the teaching of
A. biology.
B. evolution.
C. creationism.
D. fundamentalism.
Fundamentalists believed that
A. evolution and creationism could coincide.
B. prohibition should be repealed.
C. the Bible should be taken literally.
D. drinking alcohol was acceptable.
"Double standard" refers to
A. stricter social and moral standards for women than for men in the 1920s.
B. lower wages women earned compared to those earned by men in the 1920s.
C. amount of work that women did both at home and outside the house in the 1920s.
D. unfair treatment of women in the workplace in the 1920s.
F. Scott Fitzgerald described the 1920s as the
A. Harlem Renaissance.
B. Jazz Age.
C. Prohibition Age.
D. Roaring Twenties.
Charles Lindbergh was famous as a(n)
A. politician.
B. composer.
C. inventor.
D. pilot.
The NAACP did all of the following except
A. fight for legislation to protect African Americans.
B. work with anti-lynching organizations.
C. propose that African Americans move back to Africa.
D. publish The Crisis.
Jazz music was born in New Orleans and was spread to the North by such musicians as
A. Louis Armstrong.
B. Zora Neale Hurston.
C. Paul Robeson.
D. Langston Hughes.
___ were least likely to be a part of the New Deal coalition.
A. Rural Democrats
B. African Americans
C. Southern Republicans
D. Unionized industrial workers
By decreasing farm surpluses, New Deal policies helped to ___.
A. lower the cost of food
B. increase the food supply
C. raise the price of farm goods
D. combat the effects of the Dust Bowl
___ claimed that the New Deal policies were inadequate and proposed a social program
called Share-Our-Wealth.
A. Huey Long
B. Francis Townsend
C. John L. Lewis
D. Charles Coughlin
The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was most helpful to___.
A. farmers in isolated rural areas
B. the unemployed, the aged, and the ill
C. politicians and business owners
D. mass-production industrial workers
The American public perceived many characteristics in President Roosevelt, but ___ was
probably not one of them.
A. compassion
B. determination
C. self-confidence
D. economic conservatism
___ used music to express the hardships of American life during the Depression.
A. Woody Guthrie
B. Grant Wood
C. Diego Rivera
D. Richard Wright
___ helped organize the "Black Cabinet, " a group of influential African Americans who
advised the Roosevelt administration on racial issues.
A. Dorothea Lange
B. Mary McLeod Bethune
C. Frances Perkins
D. Eleanor Roosevelt
The Supreme Court ruled that the ___ was unconstitutional on the grounds that its provisions
were local matters and should be regulated by the states.
A. Federal Securities Act
B. Fair Labor Standards Act
C. Wagner Act
D. Agricultural Adjustment Act
Of the following New Deal policies, ___ had the biggest long-term impact on the American
economy.
A. Social Security Act
B. Civilian Conservation Corps
C. Tennessee Valley Authority
D. Federal Emergency Relief Administration
The _____ reflected President Roosevelt's concern for the natural environment.
A. Civil Works Administration
B. National Youth Administration
C. Civilian Conservation Corps
D. Works Progress Administration
Which of the following accurately describes the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920's?
(A) Its activities were limited to the South.
(B) It favored immigration restriction as well as white supremacy.
(C) It repudiated fundamentalist Protestantism.
(D) Many of its members were elected to Congress.
(E) It appeared for the first time during this decade.
The principle foreign policy issue confronting the Wilson administration between the outbreak of
the First World War in 1914 and United States involvement in the conflict in 1917 was:
(A) future of United States overseas possessions.
(B) territorial and political integrity of Poland.
(C) freedom of the seas.
(D) question of a Pan-American collective security organization.
(E) issue of war debt repayment by the Allies.
Which of the following did NOT contribute to American prosperity during the "Coolidge" years?
(A) America's new position as a world creditor.
(B) The prosperity of older industries such as textiles and shipping.
(C) The pro-business attitude of the federal government.
(D) Federal help in the form of low Federal Reserve interest rates and a very high tariff.
(E) New technology which created new consumer goods.
An important factor contributing to the Great Depression in the United States in the 1930's was
the:
(A) large military expenditure in the 1920's.
(B) decline in farm prosperity during the 1920's.
(C) rapid depletion of the nation's mineral resources.
(D) increased importation of foreign goods.
(E) increase in population due to immigration.
All of the following were factors in the failure of the United States to join the League of Nations
after the First World War EXCEPT:
(A) fear of further involvement in foreign wars.
(B) personal and political rivalries between President Woodrow Wilson and Senator Henry Cabot
Lodge.
(C) President Wilson's illness.
(D) a group of United States senators who opposed American participation on any terms.
(E) the influence of the Soviet Union within the League.
Which of the following celebrated trials BEST illustrates the cultural conflict in the 1920's
between fundamentalism and modernism?
(A) The Scottsboro Trial
(B) The Leopold-Loeb Trial
(C) The John T. Scopes Trial
(D) The Albert B. Fall Trial
(E) The Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
Which of the following is TRUE about the concept of isolationism?
(A) It emphasized the avoidance of binding political commitments to other nations.
(B) It usually stressed the avoidance of commercial as well as political ties to other nations.
(C) It had almost no influence on United States foreign policy after 1900.
(D) It was generally applied to Europe and Latin America but not to Asia.
(E) It became obsolete with the formulation of the Monroe Doctrine.
Which of the following accurately describe(s) the Harlem Renaissance?
I. It flourished during the 1920's.
II. It was centered among blacks in the South.
III. It consisted of a period of dramatic black intellectual and artistic creativity.
IV. It brought about significant gains in civil rights.
(A) I only
(B) I and III only
(C) II and IV only
(D) I, II, and IV only
(E) I, III, and IV only
All of the following help to explain the presence of large numbers of expatriate American
intellectuals in Europe during the 1920''s EXCEPT:
(A) repressive effects of Prohibition and the resurgence of conservatism in the United States.
(B) attraction of European cities, especially Paris, as centers of innovation and creativity.
(C) tradition among American writers of taking up temporary residence in Europe.
(D) claims of young American writers and critics that American culture was materialistic and
hostile to the development of their art.
(E) European tradition of wealthy patrons supporting struggling American artists and writers.
Which of the following is true about the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928?
(A) It created an alliance between the United States and France.
(B) It was a bilateral pact for naval disarmament.
(C) It was rejected by the Senate.
(D) It was a multilateral pact condemning recourse to war.
(E) It contained provisions ("teeth") for enforcement of peace.
Which of the following is correct about the Washington Naval Conference of 1921-1922?
(A) It was convened to equalize naval strength among the five major powers.
(B) It imposed specific limitations on the number of battleships allowed to the signatory nations.
(C) It outlawed the use of submarines in warfare.
(D) It confirmed the isolationist nature of United States foreign policy during the 1920's.
(E) It underscored the Harding administration's indifference to Japanese expansion in the Far
East.
Which of the following was the most important factor in the American decision to enter the First
World War?
(A) The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.
(B) German submarine operations in the Atlantic Ocean.
(C) Formation of a German-Japanese alliance directed against the United States.
(D) The outbreak of a revolution in Mexico.
(E) The German conquest of France.
John T. Scopes was:
(A) an anarchist accused of inciting the 1886 Haymarket bombing in Chicago.
(B) the assassin of President James A. Garfield.
(C) a teacher tried for discussing evolution in a Tennessee public school.
(D) a character in a novel by William Faulkner.
(E) an immigrant anarchist tried and executed on a murder and robbery charge in Massachusetts
in the 1920's.
The only amendment to the United States Constitution that has been repealed dealt with:
(A) the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.
(B) prayer in public schools.
(C) the voting rights of blacks.
(D) draft exemption of conscientious objectors.
(E) the federal income tax.
The work of the "lost generation" of American writers in the 1920's was marked by:
(A) a rejection of prevailing middle-class values.
(B) extreme prudishness and morality.
(C) a glorification of God and country.
(D) an obvious desire to keep things as they were.
(E) an attempt to recreate the values of the pre-World War era.
Which of the following was true of the Socialist Party of America during the period 1900-1918?
(A) It advocated reforms which in many instances were subsequently espoused by the two major
parties.
(B) It gave women and blacks positions of primary responsibility in the national party leadership.
(C) It induced the American Federation of Labor to pursue a policy of industrial unionism.
(D) It supported unanimously the entry of the United States into the First World War.
(E) It led the fight for the adoption of the prohibition amendment in such cities as Milwaukee and
St. Louis.
Most of the immigrants who came to the United States between 1880 and 1920 were from:
(A) Northern and Western Europe.
(B) China and Japan
(C) Ireland.
(D) Latin America
(E) Southern and Eastern Europe
Which of the following was NOT a factor in the declining public significance of the organized
feminist movement in the 1920's?
(A) The successful conclusion of the campaign for women's suffrage.
(B) The consequences of changing manners and morality.
(C) Dissension among women's groups concerning goals.
(D) Declining prominence of the progressive reform movement.
(E) Passage of legislation requiring that women receive equal pay for equal work.
Which of the following was a significant development in the United States during the 1920's?
(A) The reduction of tariff barriers.
(B) The rapid growth of unions.
(C) The widespread purchase of common stock.
(D) Abandonment of the gold standard.
(E) Federal legislation governing wages and hours.
Prior to ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, women could
vote in:
(A) states that had granted them the right to do so.
(B) no state.
(C) all states.
(D) national elections only.
(E) state and local elections only.
The "clear and present danger" doctrine, adopted unanimously by the United States Supreme
Court in 1919, declared that:
(A) the formation of the American Communist Party was illegal because it constituted a "clear
and present danger" to the security of the United States.
(B) the federal government may restrict the expression of ideas that tend to place the nation's
security in imminent danger.
(C) the war danger having passed, governmental restrictions on freedom of speech and press were
unconstitutional.
(D) governmental restrictions on freedom of speech and press comprised a "clear and present
danger" to the liberties guaranteed by the First Amendment.
(E) constitutional guarantees of "due process of law" could legally be suspended in wartime.
Garveyism was identified with all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) Pan-Africanism.
(B) Black nationalism.
(C) racial integration.
(D) Black economic development.
(E) Black pride.
Which of the following accounts for the fact that in the United States in the 1920's real income
per person increased despite the growth in population and the decline in hours worked?
(A) Lowering of tariff barriers
(B) The development of the corporate holding company
(C) The growth of viable trade unions
(D) The development of a sound banking system
(E) Rapid technological advances
The isolationist tradition in United States foreign policy can best be characterized as:
(A) total avoidance of involvement with other nations.
(B) avoidance of economic and political but not cultural involvement.
(C) avoidance of cultural and economic but not political involvement.
(D) rhetorical avoidance of involvement with other nations but covert political, economic, and
cultural dealings.
(E) avoidance of political but not cultural or economic involvement.
In the 1920's, the number of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans migrating to the continental United
States increased. One reason for this was that:
(A) their transportation from home was subsidized by the United States government.
(B) they were accepted into unions whose members worked in sectors of the economy
experiencing labor shortages.
(C) White Protestant Americans dropped their prejudices against people from Hispanic cultures.
(D) they wished to escape recurrent epidemics that were decimating their home populations.
(E) neither group was affected by the restrictive immigration acts of 1921 and 1924.
During the New Deal, President Franklin D. Roosevelt recommended legislation to achieve all of
the following EXCEPT:
(A) nationalization of the banks.
(B) legal protection for workers who sought collective bargaining.
(C) government payments to farmers who plowed up their crops.
(D) the development of public power-generating facilities.
(E) government-business cooperation in formulating "codes" of fair competition.
The Federal Emergency Relief Act, authorizing aid to states for relief, established the
governmental precedent of:
(A) grants rather than loans for relief.
(B) aid for basic living necessities rather than aid to strengthen business institutions.
(C) Both A and B
(D) Neither A nor B
During the Manchurian crisis of 1931-1932, the Hoover administration did which of the
following?
(A) Levied an embargo on Japanese goods.
(B) Banned the sale of arms to either side.
(C) Ordered the United States ground forces to Mukden.
(D) Withdrew diplomatic representation from Tokyo.
(E) Refused to recognize Japan's new conquests.
The legislation of the first New Deal set a NOTABLE precedent by its:
(A) acceptance of deficit spending and government intervention to
assure public well-being.
(B) effort to combine private and government forms of relief.
(C) commitment to "pump priming" as a way to induce economic growth.
(D) abandonment of any "laissez-faire" approach to government.
Those who attacked Roosevelt for using too much federal power in New Deal measures feared:
(A) the rise of totalitarian government.
(B) the destruction of the free enterprise system.
(C) the loss of local and state government's power.
(D) All of the above
QUESTION #12 REFERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUOTATION:
"With millions of men and women still unemployed and the whole industrialized world critically
dependent upon the scope and vigor of the American economic recovery, veto of the tax cut
would be poor public policy, which political headline-hunting could not justify."
The above quotation suggests all but which of the following?
(A) The United States continues to be in a depression.
(B) A presidential veto would be harmful to the nation.
(C) Other nations are heavily affected by the U.S. economy.
(D) The president in determining policy should be guided solely by political impact of the policy.
(E) The unemployment rate is high in the nation.
The Great Depression of the 1930's contributed LEAST to which of the following?
(A) Emergence of the Democratic party as the majority party.
(B) Establishment of federal aid and support programs for agriculture.
(C) Desegregation of federal facilities.
(D) Unionization of mass production industries.
(E) Establishment of a social security system.
The Works Progress Administration (WPA), established during the administration of Franklin D.
Roosevelt, was the federal agency empowered to:
(A) protect employees from unfair labor practices.
(B) provide financial aid to western farmers suffering from low grain prices.
(C) provide aid to dependent children.
(D) investigate charges of discrimination against women in job hiring practices.
(E) provide jobs for the unemployed.
Those who favored more government participation in resolving depression ills believed:
(A) business institutions were not expanding their funds to increase production.
(B) the free enterprise system was no longer capable of generating economic growth.
(C) the wealth of the nation was not equitably distributed.
(D) only the government had access to large funds needed for relief.
The court-packing plan threatened which principle set forth by the Constitution?
(A) The independence of the judicial branch of government.
(B) The size deemed most effective for efficient operation of the Court.
(C) Life appointments of Supreme Court Justices.
(D) Balanced political representation on the Court.
The handling of the depression problems by the Roosevelt administration revealed:
(A) the irrelevance of "rugged individualism" during an intense depression.
(B) the social basis, as well as economic, for levying taxes to collect revenue.
(C) Both A and B
(D) Neither A nor B
The "Hundred Days" refers to:
(A) the period immediately after Roosevelt's election in 1932 and his inauguration.
(B) the period immediately after Roosevelt's first inauguration.
(C) the feverish last days of the presidential campaign of 1932.
(D) None of the above
The New Deal coalition included significant support from all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) organized labor.
(B) the urban masses.
(C) wealthy businessmen
(D) blacks in northern cities.
(E) midwestern farmers.