A WORLD OF IDEAS [B]
1. FRANCIS BACON With what modern method of attempting to determine
truth is Bacon most associated? ___________________________
2—4. Name three steps that represent the basic procedure for this method.
_____________________________;
________________________________
_____________________________
5.
BAHA’I What is distinctive about the Baha’i idea of God and religion?
______________________________________________________________________
6. BALANCE OF POWER
After both World War I and World War II,
international organizations such as the League of Nations and the United
Nations were established in an attempt to replace a world system resting
upon a balance of power or individual states with a system instead dependent
upon
what
alternative
system
of
trying
to
keep
the
peace?
__________________________
DISCUSS.
Do nations behave like people?
Are nations inevitably self-
interested? How does the answer to this question influence one’s interpretation
of international relations and the best way to structure these?
DISCUSS: What is the balance of power in the world today?
7. SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR. What is the most famous book written by this
French existentialist and feminist philosopher? ________________________
8. BEHAVIORISM True or False: In behaviorism, such subjective factors as
thought and emotion tend to be discounted or minimized. _______________
9.
What American psychologist is regarded as the father of behaviorism?.
____________________________________
10—21.
Place each term in the appropriate column.
The terms: control of
behavior, emotion, environmental conditioning, innate characteristics, learned
response, nature, nurture, objective phenomena, punishment, reinforcement,
subjective phenomena, thought
ASSOCIATED WITH BEHAVIORISM
NOT ASSOCIATED WITH
BEHAVIORISM
22. What Russian physiologist conducted experiments in classical conditioning
that involved food, bells, and salivating dogs? ____________________
23. What American author wrote such books as Walden Two (1948) and Beyond
Freedom and Dignity (1971), in which he outlined a future utopia created
through radical behaviorist techniques? _______________________
24. BEING AND BECOMING. What branch of metaphysics is concerned
with the question of what it means to exist? _________________________.
25. BIG BANG THEORY. How old is the universe according to the big bang
theory? __________________________-
26. What is the difference between the open universe theory and the oscillating
or pulsating universe theory?
_________________________________
____________________________________________________________
DISCUSS: What came before the big bang? How was the universe and matter
originally created? What might be beyond our universe?
DISCUSS: What does the big bang theory have to do with the “search for the
moral life?”
27. BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM. What interdisciplinary field attempts to
draw
direct
links
between
genetics/biology
and
behavior?
__________________________
28. What term is used to describe a basic principle of biological determinism –
that all behavioral patterns are the product of the need to perpetuate genes
and reproduce? _______________________
29. BLACK MUSLIMS.
What was the most influential 20th-century Black
Muslim organization? __________________________________
30. What black nationalist leader is the present head of the Nation of Islam?
________________________________
31. Who was the most influential early twentieth-century American black
nationalist? ___________________________
32. What Ghanaian leader promoted pan-African ideals and helped to establish
the Organization of African Unity in 1963? _________________________
DISCUSS: Is there anything wrong with voluntary racial separation? What are
the dangers, if any, of integration?
33. BUDDHA.
What
is
the
literal
meaning
of
“Buddha?”
______________________________
34—37. What were the four signs that helped to convince Buddha as a young
man
to
set
out
on
a
quest
to
understand
human
suffering?
__________________________________; ___________________________;
__________________________; ___________________________________
38.
Where did Buddha meditate for seven weeks before attaining perfect
enlightenment? __________________________
39.
What does the Eight-fold Path suggest be lived by those seeking
enlightenment? ______________________________
40.
BUDDHISM.
True or False: Buddhism is one of the world’s great
monotheistic religions. ______________
41.
What
is
the
term
_______________
used
to
describe
the
Buddhist
community?
42—44. What are the Four Noble Truths? _____________________________;
__________________________________; ____________________________;
____________________________________________
45—52. What are the eight categories of right behavior in the Eight-Fold Path?
____________________________; __________________________________;
_____________________________; _________________________________;
_____________________________; __________________________________;
______________________________; ________________________________
53. True or False: A Buddhist would likely argue that the key to living the moral
life is to discover your one true self. ________________
54. True or False: To escape from the cycle of reincarnation is one of the goals
of Buddhism.
55. What is the difference between Hinduism and Buddhism in regards to the
concept of the soul?
_________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
56—62.
Place the following characteristics within the appropriate column:
Buddhahood attainable by everyone; emphasis on scriptures; importance of
enlightened bodhisattvas; importance of wisdom and discipline; only most
dedicated attain state of Buddhahood; worship of the Buddha nature.
ASSOCIATED WITH THERAVADA
ASSOCIATED WITH MAHAYA
BUDDHISM
BUDDHISM
63. True or False: According to Buddha, nirvana is a spiritual state
characterized by a release from suffering, delusion, and attachments.
_______________
64. Literally “ocean gurus,” these Tibetan leaders are regarded by the faithful as
successive
reincarnations
of
the
bodhisattva
Avalokiteshvara.
____________________________
DISCUSS: To what extent is the division between Theravada and Mahayana
Buddhism similar to the divide between Catholics and Protestants within
Christianity?
DISCUSS: What within Buddhism would lead a believer to be concerned about
others if one of its ultimate goals is to become free of all attachments?
65. EDMUND BURKE.
With what political philosophy is Edmund Burke
associated? ______________________
66—72. Place the following terms in the appropriate column: abstract political
theories; common law; criticism of the French Revolution; reason; rights; social
contract; traditional customs
ASSOCIATED WITH BURKE
NOT ASSOCIATED WITH BURKE
DISCUSS: To what extent is the modern American Republican Party
“conservative”?