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SHAAMS GLOBAL REPORT
WP4
WP leader: FUNDITEC
November 2013 7th version
Copyright (c) SHAAMS 2013
Unless otherwise indicated, material in this publication may be used freely, shared or reprinted, but
acknowledgement is requested.
CONTRIBUTORS
Principal Writers: Claudia Pani, Jordi Gasset,
Special thanks to: Isaac Matamoros, Raffaele Mancini, Aline Farajian, Maria Vicente, Javier
Sancho, Carlos Franco.
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Table of contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Background, motivation and objectives of the report ............................................. 4
Project concept and structure of the report .......................................................... 6
The SHAAMS Stakeholders: Who are they? .......................................................... 8
SHAAMS best practices transfer scheme. ........................................................... 13
4.1
Other relevant European/International projects or initiatives............................. 17
5.
The SHAAMS POLICY ACCELARATOR ................................................................. 22
5.1
The European situation of the solar policies: EU’s Renewable Energy Directive. ... 22
5.2
The Mediterranean Solar Plan ....................................................................... 25
5.3
Existing relevant practices ............................................................................ 28
5.4
Global needs analysis................................................................................... 37
5.5
Global conclusions ....................................................................................... 39
6.
The SHAAMS ENTERPRISE RESEARCH ACCELERATOR .......................................... 41
6.1
The European situation of the R&D and solar market. ...................................... 41
6.1.1
Focus on R&D: The EU'S HORIZON 2020 Programme ................................ 41
6.2
The SOLAR EUROPE INDUSTRY INITIATIVE (SEII) and the European photovoltaic
Technology platform .............................................................................................. 42
6.3
The R&D for energy and the solar market in the ENPI CBC MED ........................ 42
6.4
The R&D and the market strategies ............................................................... 43
6.5
Existing relevant practices ............................................................................ 47
6.6
Global needs analysis................................................................................... 51
6.7
Global conclusions ....................................................................................... 53
7.
The SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR ................................................................. 59
7.1 The European public awareness in solar sector .................................................... 59
7.1.1
The public awareness in the ENPI CBC MED region ................................... 61
7.1.2
The Partnerships and initiatives in the solar sector .................................... 62
7.2
Existing relevant practices ............................................................................ 63
7.3
Global needs analysis................................................................................... 69
7.4
Global conclusions ....................................................................................... 69
8.
The common action plans ................................................................................ 72
8.1
A common action plan for the SHAAMS Policy accelerator ................................. 72
8.2
A common action plan for the SHAAMS Enterprise and Research accelerator .......... 74
8.3
A common action plan for the SHAAMS social accelerator .................................... 75
9.
Glossary ........................................................................................................ 76
10.
Annex 1: a first regional overview..................................................................... 77
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1.
Background, motivation and objectives of the
report
The Mediterranean is the only region on Earth where three continents meet.
It has a long history. Today it holds a rich mosaic of diverse peoples, languages,
religions, cultures and natural resources. Mediterranean countries account for 7%
of world population and they consume about 8% of the world’s primary energy
demand. Its geographic situation makes it an important transit corridor for global
energy markets.
What does the energy future have in store for the Mediterranean countries?
The aim of this document is to present a global report on the current state of the
art of the solar sector in the participant regions of the SHAAMS project (Strategic
Hubs for the Analysis and Acceleration of the Mediterranean Solar Sector) and to
set the basis for the future common action plans foreseen in the project.
The report has followed the collaborative approach adopted by the Consortium
as part of their internal organisation and has facilitated the exchange of data
between public administration bodies, research centres, universities, firms and civil
society agents in order to analyse the needs, expectations and requirements of all
the actors and to provide coherent solutions to all the agents’ needs.
This comprehensive approach is reflected in the structure of the project and the
report,
both
addressing
three
socioeconomic
pillars
(policy
development,
entrepreneurial and research engagement and social awareness). As stated in the
project plan of action the domains dealt with are:
-
SHAAMS Policy Accelerator: Policy support actions will be implemented in
order to identify innovative governance solutions, solar energy support strategies
and to generate a unified approach towards a long term policy perspective and
common area for solar energy development.
-
SHAAMS Enterprise and Research Accelerator: The activities generated
in this operational field will be aimed at fostering market support structures and
new procedures for the development of a reliable market for solar energy in the
ENPI CBC Med region.
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-
SHAAMS Social Accelerator: The activities conceived in the section will
address societal agents and intend to promote a cultural and behavioural change
towards solar energy (an, by extent renewable energies) among society.
The rationale behind this methodology is to conduct a common and shared effort
between the partners of the SHAAMS project to integrate the different areas in
which solar energy will have an impact, and that can, in their own way, influence
the development of the sector. In a more technical way and as a general condition,
common templates and questionnaires have been used in order to help both project
researchers and technicians to compare and analyse the data and the results of the
research.
The regions involved in the project and from which information has been gathered
are:
Spain (Catalonia)
Italy (Campania – Lazio)
France (Provence Alps – Côte D’Azur)
Greece (Kriti)
Lebanon (Mount Lebanon; North Lebanon)
Jordan (Irbid)
Egypt (Alexandria)
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2.
Project concept and structure of the report
Since its initial steps, the SHAAMS project approach has intended to generate a
global vision of the solar sector in the MED and ENPI CBC MED area.
This has been done by conducting local research, workshops, building direct Page | 6
relations with the relevant stakeholders and generating an exchange of ideas
between the agents active in the different pillars of the project.
Even if significant differences have been identified, the SHAAMS project is trying to
focus on shared issues and topics that can be empowered through the definition of
a common action plan.
This report aims to present a complete analysis of the state of the art in the whole
region split according the subsequent sectors and covering past, present and future
scenes:

1 SHAAMS POLICY ACCELERATOR

2 SHAAMS ENTERPRISE RESEARCH ACCELERATOR

3 SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR
More specifically, the report’s objectives are:
To present an analysis of the policies, social and economic effects of solar
energy in the involved regions
To support the development of a common understanding of the added value
of using renewable energies
To smooth common capacity building processes integrating all relevant
stakeholders
To facilitate an improved and common understanding of the balance
between costs and benefits of solar energies for the region
When gathering information for the report all the stakeholders involved sharing
their views and incorporate these views in the analysis and thus facilitates a high
level of acceptance of the results.
The SHAAMS project activities seek to raise public awareness on energy efficiency
solutions and to encourage an informed debate on the potentialities and
opportunities of the sector by enabling regular participatory activities and actions.
More specifically this report includes:
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An analysis of the solar policies of the regions involved
An analysis of the social sector of the region involved
An analysis of the R+D+i, market and training initiatives about solar sector
of the regions involved
A Best practices selection
A Best practices transfer schemes
A stakeholder consultation
A business scenario, a policy scenario and a social scenario
A transversal action plan for each sector.
3.
The SHAAMS Stakeholders: Who are they?
When gathering information on the sector it is important to identify those agents
and specific groups (communities of interest), that have a particular influence in the
sector.
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Although it is clear that it will be impossible to reach everyone, a focused strategy
needs to be developed so as to encompass the major number of agents as possible.
This can be done by distinguishing each agent’s level of knowledge, their transfer
capacities and the “multipliers” (i.e. key persons, organisations and mechanisms)
related to each target group.
On this basis, a crucial stage of the present report consisted in the identification of
the SHAAMS stakeholders1.
The stakeholder analysis was imperative in order to create an effective and efficient
scheme that involves all the actors in the project.
This stakeholder analysis was undertaken at the beginning of the project, more
specifically during WP 3 “Conceptual framework”, for each of the 3 lines of the
project and provided an identification of the key stakeholders, indicating who is
important and influential, how and when stakeholders should be involved in the
project in order to plan the “scope”, foster a systematic dialogue between the
stakeholder “communities” and implement strategic actions for the definition of
future actions.
Those were the key steps followed during this process:
Step1. Identification of the SHAAMS Stakeholders
Step2. Prioritisation of the SHAAMS Stakeholders
Step3. Understanding of the SHAAMS Key Stakeholders
1
“Any individual, group of people, institution or firm that may have a significant interest in the success
or failure of a project (either as implementers, facilitators, beneficiaries or adversaries) are defined as
‘stakeholders’. A basic premise behind stakeholder analysis is that different groups have different
concerns, capacities and interests, and that these need to be explicitly understood and recognized in the
process of problem identification, objective setting and strategy selection”. (Project Cycle Management
Guidelines. European Commission Volume 1, 2004).
For the development of the process each partner provided information on the topics
listed below:
1. Summary of the project general scope considering participation opportunities.
2. Identification of those groups who might have a significant interest in the
SHAAMS project.
3. Analyse the respective roles, interests, influence and capacity to participate of
these agents (strengths and weaknesses)
4. Assessment of the influence, importance and impact level of the stakeholders.
5. Definition of the extent of cooperation or conflict in the relationships between
different stakeholders.
Following this process the SHAAMS project consortium was able to categorise the
interest groups into two different typologies:
1. Primary stakeholders
2. Secondary stakeholders
(a) Primary stakeholders: people, groups and institutions affected, positively or negatively, by the
SHAAMS project in a direct way.
(b) Secondary stakeholders: people, groups and institutions that are important intermediaries for the
SHAAMS project delivery process (not directly affected by the project but that have an interest in it) and
of course the final beneficiaries (those who benefit from the project in the long term at societal level or
sector at large).
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Here below it can be found a representation of the stakeholders’ typologies
identified by the project partners:
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Following this analysis stakeholder’s database with more than 350 contacts was
built and used to share surveys, newsletters and project results as events in
general.
The 14,5% of the Policy Makers belongs to a Minister or Regional authority with a
direct competence in Solar Sector.
The 5,5% of the Private Enterprises sector is in representation of a Cluster or
Business association or Business platform.
The 22% of Civil Society is represented by ONG and No for profit organisations.
According to the reports on the state-of-the-art, we included the average typology
of stakeholders to whom the solar power sector growth strategies are addressed
within the partner regions of SHAAMS project.
Non-profit organizations
3%
5%
21%
Local enterprises
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Associations and
professional bodies
61%
10%
Citizens
Others
Non-governmental organisations mean 5% in the above graphic. Nevertheless,
when analysing the gathered data separately, we find out that the mentioned 5%
belongs to the Lebanon region only. In the rest of the regions, the corresponding
strategies are neither addressed to non-governmental organisations nor represent
them.
In addition, local companies can be found as well (although being at a fair
distance). Again, when considering absolute data it can be observed that the
mentioned gap is present in all the strategies, with the exception of the Egyptian
one.
For the latter, it can be stated that local companies are conditioning the energy
strategy, as most surveys state that energy strategies are mainly addressed to
local companies.
Last but not least, the average result 10% obtained by the associations and
professionals of the sector is a result mainly related to the Alexandria region and
minority related to the Lebanon.
Apparently, the strategies in EU Member States are not addressed to that target
population.
In any case, the absolute data obtained from the reports on the state-of-the-art
that partner regions developed may be found as an annex to the present report.
Despite certain regions have denounced the difficulty in obtaining data for their
reports, we can state the following general conclusions as facts constantly repeated
along all the reports:
First. - A general awareness among citizens must be achieved in order to improve
the prospect of the solar sector as well as to accelerate its growth.
Second. - The lack of funding and the current economic crisis are burdens to the
solar sector growth. The economic incentives are always supported by the
acceleration of the solar sector.
Third. - The possibility to simplify and ease bureaucratic procedures should be
assessed. Indeed, that would notably contribute to the solar sector growth.
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4.
SHAAMS best practices transfer scheme.
The SHAAMS project consortium has bore in mind the following objectives when
defining the best practice transfer scheme:
To promote exchange of regional experiences, knowledge and existing good Page | 13
practices in the promotion of solar energy solutions. It is important when
identifying best practices to identify their impact in the three levels of
activity of the project (political, economic and social).
To provide a set of measures and solutions that shall support the
development and implementation of solar energy solutions in the participant
regions.
To consolidate an extensive ENPI CBC Med network of policy, research and
social
agents
committed
and
interested
in
the
development
and
implementation of solar sector solutions.
To facilitate reaching solid political and institution commitments in the
participant regions, to transfer a minimum of practices and solutions and to
ensure the involvement of all the regions in their implementation.
To ensure an effective dissemination of the transfer initiatives to other
regions that might not be involved in the project.
Transferring best practices is a complex management process, which
requires the involvement of a significant number of agents and that requires
the external support of expert facilitators and agents.
Any best practices scheme can be subdivided into different stages, namely the
identification of the practices, their actual transfer and implementation in a different
context and, finally, the sustained consolidated and improvement within the
recipient region.
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Identifying best practices
Identification
Among the elements to be analysed during the identification of best
practices by the project consortium and the external agents are:
Current Programmes for the support of solar energy
Current and previous project on solar energy
Existing data bases
External methodologies for systematic exchange on best practice
Regional initiatives and operational structures
Social and economic initiatives
Analysis
All the data gathered in this process needs to be distilled into valuable
characteristics in order to set the most appropriate outcomes for the transfer
process. Each practice needs to be analysed bearing in mind the regional
particularities of the recipient country.
Moreover, an assessment of the regional motivations and determining factors for
the transfer process will be conducted.
Consultation
Consultative events, coordinated by the project facilitators, will be conducted with
external agents and stakeholders in order to identify the most indicative
characteristics and standards of the best practices and to designate targets for the
transfer scheme.
Indicators definition
Using both the indicators identified during the project reports and in the
consultative actions the consortium will set up key transfer indicators. These will be
divided into two typologies:
Result analysis: including the relevance of the practices, their effectiveness and
appropriateness, their sustainability, etc.
Relevant conditions and success factors: Regional framework for implementation,
design, goals, objectives, results and performance indicators.
Transfer support activities
Encouraging a favourable environment
Several activities need to be conducted in support of the transfer scheme. In this
sense the project partners, supported by the project facilitators will conduct the
following actions in order to establish a more receptive environment in the regions
for the transfer of best practices.
The actions here developed will be, among other:
Support in de development of informative briefs on solar energy
Remote support on communication activities
Informative support
Making use of the events implemented throughout the project (study visits,
training actions, workshops, etc.)
Presentation of the project reports
Feedback on collection and transfer methodologies
Activating the institutional and operational resources
The projects partners, again supported by the project facilitators, will be in charge
of activating and ensuring the involvement of the institutional and operational
resources available in the different regions.
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This engagement will integrate policy makers, social agents and economic and
research representatives.
The process will be implemented by making use of the events conducted in the
project such as workshops, study visits, inter-sector events, etc.
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Implementation of the transfer scheme
With direct and remote monitoring by the project partners and project facilitators,
stakeholders and relevant agents will be asked to test small scale implementation
actions on the best practices identified. This will be done by launching small-scale
validation actions and monitoring their results based on the previous indicators.
After collecting data on the small scale transfer actions the partners will draw the
guidelines for a full scale implementation plan considering the following elements:
Regional strategic context
Organisational and institutional fit
Identification of the primary implementers and delivery mechanisms
Implementation
Administrative support
External resource development
Policy and governance arrangements
The consortium is aware that any best practices transfer initiative demands some
changes in the performance, communication and behaviour of the parties involved,
including both the ‘the source’ and ‘the recipient’ of the practice. This will make
fundamental for both parties to work together in a coordinated manner. To ensure
that this coordination is properly achieved the role of the project facilitators will
again be fundamental.
In the following chapter some initiatives are analysed from which valuable lessons
can already be learnt.
4.1 Other relevant European/International projects
or initiatives
As mentioned above, one of the objectives of the SHAAMS project is to identify and
create synergies in the field of solar energy with other projects co-financed by the Page | 17
European Commission or other International organisations.
In order to plan “capitalisation” actions and to create a possible contact points with
these activities, a list of projects or relevant initiatives in the field of solar sector
will be described below.
Title of
initiative
the
project
/
LP and contact
“Sistemi
a
concentrazione
solare di tipo integrato'' ENPI CBC Med
ENEA
Unità
Tecnica
Rinnovabili
Dott. Francesco Di Mario
francesco.dimario@enea.it
DIDSOLIT-PB/solar energy ENPI CBC MED
Development
and
implementation
of
decentralised solar energyrelated
innovative
technologies
for
public
buildings in the Mediterranean
Basin countries. Within this
complex energy scenario.
Beneficiary:
AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF
BARCELONA/
Duration:
36 months (December 2012 December 2015)
Budget
• Total budget: € 4.438.553
• Programme contribution: €
3.994.694 (90%)
• Project co-financing: € 443.859
(10%)
Contact person
joaquim.verges@didsolit.org
alex.parella@didsolit.org
Eco-innovation
Intelligent
(IEE)
Energy
–
Europe
Fonti
Objective and field of application
Regions involved or Partnership
To utilize solar energy for the production of
electric power and high-temperature water
for heating and process to make water
drinkable
DIDSOLIT-PB aims to implement smallscale solar systems for public premises
including innovative solutions such as
photovoltaic glass-substitute sheets, solar
cooling or photovoltaic coverage of buildings
roofs
and
car
parks
shady-covers.
Technology transfer and design of dedicated
financing instruments will also be addressed
by the project.
Italy, Greece, France, Jordan; Egypt; Cyprus (started in
Feb. 2012)
The objective is to boost Europe’s
environmental and competitive standing by
supporting innovative solutions that protect
the environment while creating a larger
market
for
“green”
technologies,
management
methods,
products
and
services.
Intelligent Energy – Europe (IEE) offers a
helping hand to organisations willing to
improve energy sustainability. Launched in
2003 by the European Commission, the
programme is part of a broad push to create
an energy-intelligent future for us all. It
supports EU energy efficiency and renewable
energy policies, with a view to reaching the
EU 2020 targets (20% cut in greenhouse
gas emissions, 20% improvement in energy
efficiency and 20% of renewables in EU
energy consumption).
EU 27
Partnership:
Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development
(Greece, Dytiki Ellada); Egyptian Association for Energy
and Environment (Egypt, Al Iskandanyah);Al-Balqa'
Applied University (Jordan, Al-Balga); University of
Alexandria (Egypt, Al Iskandanyah); Incubator of New
Enterprises of Chania (Greece, Dytiki Ellada); EcoSystem Europa, SL (Spain, Cataluña).
EU 27 plus Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Croatia and
the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
STS-Med
Small
scale
thermal
solar
district units for Mediterranean
communities
MED-DESIRE
MEDiterranean DEvelopment of
Support schemes for solar
Initiatives
and
Renewable
Energies.
MED-SOLAR
Promoting and implementing
innovative solar technologies
in
public
buildings
and
Beneficiary
ARCA Consortium (Italy, Sicilia).
Duration
36 months (November 2012 November 2015)
Budget
• Total budget: € 4.953.512
• Programme contribution: €
4.458.161(90%)
•
Project
co-financing:
€
495.351(10%)
Contact person
Fabio Maria Montagnino
ARCA Consortium manager
+39 091 661 5611
info@stsmed.eu
Beneficiary
Puglia Region - Research and
Competitiveness
Service,
Industrial
Research
and
Technological
Innovation Office (Italy, Puglia).
Duration
36 months (January 2013 December 2015)
Budget
• Total budget: € 4.655.007
• Programme contribution: €
4.191.306 (90%)
• Project co-financing: € 463.701
(10%)
Contact person
Francesco Clarizio - Officer, Puglia
Region
f.clarizio@regione.puglia.it
+39 080.540.5971
Beneficiary
Trama
TecnoAmbiental
(Spain, Cataluña)
S.L.
STS-Med will contribute to the diffusion and
development of Concentrated Solar (CS)
small scale integrated systems, a high
energy efficiency technology with a potential
for replication across the Mediterranean
area.
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Partnership:
The Cyprus Institute (Cyprus); Cyprus Chamber of
Commerce and Industry (Cyprus); Academy for
Scientific Research and Technology (Egypt, Al
Iskandanyah); New and Renewable Energy Authority
(Egypt); Elsewedy Electric (Egypt, Al Iskandanyah);
French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy
Commission; (France, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur);
CEEI Provence - Innovation business support (France,
Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur); University of Athens,
Institute of Accelerating Systems and Application
(Greece, Attiki); Al Balqa Applied University (Jordan,
Irbid); Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
(Jordan);Millenium Energy Industries (Jordan, Amman);
ENEA - National Agency for New Technologies, Energy
and Sustainable Economic; Development (Italy, Lazio);
Sicily Region - Department of Production Activities
(Italy, Sicilia)
MED-DESIRE main priority is to achieve
tangible results on these challenges,
removing barriers related to the legal,
regulatory, economic and organizational
framework of distributed solar energy
technologies.
Partnership:
Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea
(Italy, Lazio); Italian National Agency for New
Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic.
Development (Italy, Lazio); Andalusian Energy Agency
(Spain, Andalucía); Andalusian Institute of Technology
(Spain, Andalucía); CIEMA - Solar Plataform of Almeria
(Spain, Andalucía); The National Agency for Energy
Conservation (Tunisia, Tunis); Lebanese Center for
Energy Conservation (Lebanon); New and Renewable
Energy Authority (Egypt).
The countries of the Mediterranean area face
the same specific energy reality: the
increase in the energy price and the
Partnership
Polytechnical University of Catalonia (Spain, Cataluña)
Solartys (Spain, Cataluña)
Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies
alternatives (France, Rhône-Alpes)
industrial facilities Machrek
Energy Development-Solar.
Duration
30 months (January 2013 - June
2015)
Budget
• Total budget: € 3.017.615
• Programme contribution: €
2.656.771 (90%)
• Project co-financing: € 360.844
(10%)
Contact person
Antoine Graillot
Project manager, Africa
Mediterranean Countries
Trama TecnoAmbiental S.L.
antoine.graillot@tta.com.es
+34 934.463.234
FOSTEr in MED
Aiming
to
implement
and
diffuse
innovative
solar
technologies Fostering Solar
Technology
in
the
Mediterranean area
and
Beneficiary
University
of
Cagliari
Department of Civil Engineering,
Environment and Architecture
(Italy, Sardegna)
Duration
36 months (December 2012 December 2015)
Budget
•Total budget: € 4.500.000
•Programme
contribution:
weakness of the electrical grid (impossibility
of having increase in the power supply,
interruptions, etc.), which reduces the
security of supply in critical facilities such as
hospital and schools as well as the proper
development of the small and medium size
industries. These problems are common to
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the target countries of MED-Solar project
(Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine) where all
the population is actually connected to the
grid, but with scarce quality and regular
interruptions and cuts-off. Instead of using
exclusively polluting and expensive fuel
generators against electricity interruption,
the project proposes to provide the
generators with a solar photovoltaic system
for energy backup. With the achievement of
MED-Solar the energy situation in the three
target countries will improve by reducing
energy costs, decreasing the dependence on
imported fuel and improving the security of
supply through the use of clean energy
resources.
FOSTEr in MED intends to fully exploit the
potential of solar technologies through the
transfer of technical knowhow to actors of
the sector (SMEs, engineers, students), the
identification of best practices in the policy
and
regulatory
fields
and
the
implementation of five pilot projects aiming
to equip public buildings with innovative
solar photovoltaic plants.
Energy
Research
Center,
An-Najah
University
(Palestine)
United Nations Development Programme Lebanon
(Lebanon)
National Energy Research Center (Jordan, Amman)
Partnership
Association of Mediterranean Chambers of Commerce
and Industry (Spain, Cataluña); Chamber of Commerce
of Cagliari, Special Agency Center of Services for
Enterprises (Italy, Sardegna); Confederation of Egyptian
European
Business
Associations
(Egypt,
Al
Iskandanyah); Industrial Research Institute (Lebanon);
Royal Scientific Society (Jordan, Al-Aqaba); Chamber of
Commerce and Industry of Tunis (Tunisia, Tunis);
Autonomous Region of Sardinia (Italy, Sardegna)
4.050.000 (90%)
• Project co-financing: 450.000
(10%)
Contact person
Nicola Nieddu
Project coordinator, University of
Cagliari
fosterinmed@tiscali.it
+39 070.675.5811
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5.
The SHAAMS POLICY ACCELARATOR
5.1 The European situation of the solar policies: EU’s
Renewable Energy Directive.
When talking about solar energy policies at European Level, it is necessary to take
into account that the solar sector is included under the European flagship of the
Renewable Energy.
In January 2007, the European Commission published a Renewable Energy
Roadmap outlining a long-term strategy that called for a mandatory target of a 20
percent share of renewable energies in the EU's energy mix by 2020. EU adopted
the Directive in April 2009 (2009/28/EC), which set individual targets for each
member state. Later in March 2010, the “Europe 2020” strategy incorporated
climate control goals to the binding EU-wide target of 20 percent renewable energy
by 2020. It also improves the legal framework for promoting renewable electricity
and requires national action plans for the development of renewable energy
sources.
The Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC launched a European framework for
the promotion of renewable energy, setting mandatory national renewable energy
targets for achieving a 20% share of renewable energy in the final energy
consumption and a 10% share of energy from renewable sources in transport by
2020. These goals are headline targets of the European 2020 strategy for growth,
since they contribute to Europe's industrial innovation and technological leadership
as well as reducing emissions, improving the security of our energy supply and
reducing our energy import dependence.
The Climate and Energy package includes the following acts:
Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 - reduction of CO2 emissions from Light Duty
Vehicles
Directive 2009/28/EC – Renewable Energy Sources
Directive 2009/29/EC – Emission Trading Scheme
Directive 2009/30/EC – Fuel Quality Directive
Directive 2009/31/EC – Carbon Capture and Storage
Decision No 406/2009/EC – « effort sharing »
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The directive also requires the simplification of the administrative regimes faced by
renewable energy, together with improvements to the electricity grid, to improve
access for electricity from renewable energy. It established a comprehensive
sustainability scheme for biofuels and bio liquids with compulsory monitoring and
reporting requirements. All biofuels used for compliance with the 10% target and Page | 23
that benefit from national support are required to comply with the scheme.
Member States should complete the transposition of the Renewable Energy
Directive as soon as possible and should increase their efforts in addressing barriers
to the uptake of renewable energy by following these steps:
taking measures to reduce administrative burdens and delays;
developing the electricity grid and better integrating renewable energy into
the market;
developing support schemes more stable and transparent but also costeffective and market-oriented.
On 27 March 2013, the European Commission published its first Renewable
Energy Progress Report under the framework of the 2009 Renewable Energy
Directive. Since the adoption of this directive and the introduction of legally binding
renewable energy targets, most Member States experienced significant growth in
renewable energy consumption.
2010 figures indicate that the EU as a whole is on its trajectory towards the 2020
targets with a renewable energy share of 12.7%. Moreover, in 2010 the majority of
Member States already reached their 2011/2012 interim targets set in the
Directive. However, as the trajectory grows steeper towards the end, more efforts
will still be needed from the Member States in order to reach the 2020 targets.
A recent report by the JRC did a technical assessment of the individual National
Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPs) submitted to the European Commission
and found that EU member states plan to reach an overall share of 20.7 percent of
energy from renewable sources by 2020. The JRC assessment concludes that
almost half the EU states are planning to exceed their own targets and will actually
be able to provide surplus energy for other member states.
As seen, the European Commission and the EU member states are extremely active
in the definition of common solar/energy guidelines and objectives as well as in
defining long term lines of action. However, this is not replicated at ENPICBC MED
level where a lack of common and integrated policies and strategies can be
observed, making it more difficult to align with the SHAAMS project framework.
Nevertheless, while EU Member States’ policies foresee –thanks to the legal
framework fostered by the Union- to fulfil the established objectives or at least to
get close to them, in the case of non-EU Member States the situation is different.
Page | 24
When analysing the current state-of-the-art and the developing strategy of non EU
project partners, the following can be concluded:

In Lebanon and Egypt, it is first necessary to reinforce the transport and
distribution grids in order to be able to respond to the demands as well as to
accept new photovoltaic production facilities. The main problem in the case
of the Lebanon is the production, as currently only 75% of the energy
demand is supplied.

Considering the outputs of the current solar technology, authorities should
assess the possibility of fostering personal-consumption through
photovoltaic solar facilities instead of maintaining the current back
generators that are massively used in the industrial sector as well as among
low-voltage consumers (households and commerce).

To decrease fossil fuel dependency, it is necessary to discourage the grants
addressed to high polluting systems and turn them to the modernization of
infrastructures and the dissemination and support to public-private
collaboration, which could enable the growth of the solar sector.

The development strategies for the solar sector in non-EU countries foresee
the following objectives by 2020:
Jordan: 10% of supplied energy by means of renewal resources.
Egypt: 20% of the electricity total production by means of renewal
resources by 2020 (mainly wind power -12%- and hydroelectric
power -8%-). Solar production would reach 2% of the energy mix.
Lebanon holds a strategy that strongly supports thermic solar energy.
In that sense, Lebanon has settled an objective of 1.050.000 m2
installed by 2020. With regards to photovoltaic solar power, 100-150
Mw are foreseen to be installed in big size plants (nearly 3% of the
production estimated by 2020). Besides, it is foreseen to foster
personal-consumption.
In this sense, at ENPI CBC level, it might be argued that the European Commission’
Mediterranean Solar Plan is still the most relevant initiatives.
5.2 The Mediterranean Solar Plan
The Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP), launched in July 2008 as one of the major
initiatives under the Union for the Mediterranean, is designed to ensure that
increased electricity demand in the region can be met in a sustainable and Page | 25
renewable way.
The MSP aims to achieve this through the development of 20 GW of generation
capacity from renewable energy sources on the south and southeast shore of the
Mediterranean for own production and possible export to Europe. A key element of
the plan is also the promotion of a new regulatory framework to better encourage
the development of renewable energies and to facilitate the exchange of electricity.
The Mediterranean Solar Plan is a result of collaboration on renewable energy
between the EU and its Southern and Southeast Mediterranean neighbours,
involving support to the production of solar energy in North Africa. Furthermore,
the MSP promotes Energy Efficiency to support significant energy savings in the
region.
The Plan has two complementary targets: developing 20 GW of new renewable
energy production capacities, and achieving significant energy savings around the
Mediterranean by 2020, thus addressing both supply and demand.
Energy demand in the Middle East and North Africa is facing a sharp increase and is
expected to double over the next ten years. The EU had set itself the target of
reaching a 20% share for renewable energy in the EU’s final internal energy
consumption by 2010. The role of solar technologies in mitigating climate change is
unquestionable. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the direct benefits of
improved co-operation between countries are recognised and innovation and
private sector investments in the sector encouraged. It is a win-win situation for
everybody.
The EU is supporting the MSP through a number of projects including the project
'Paving the Way for the Mediterranean Solar Plan' that was launched in October
2010 and ended in September 2013. In order to achieve far-reaching impacts in
promoting the solar sector in MENA countries, it is crucial for SHAAMS to
understand, coordinate with, and capitalize on, the MSP Master Plan which has been
the output of this 3 years process.
Furthermore
a number of other projects such as the 'Support for the Enhanced
Integration and the Improved Security of the Euro-Mediterranean Energy Market'
(MED – EMIP) and the second phase of the project 'Energy Efficiency in the
Construction Sector' (MED ENEC) contribute to laying the conditions for a
renewable energy production and increased energy efficiency in the Mediterranean Page | 26
region.
Besides Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency is one of the priorities under the
EU
Neighbourhood
Investment
Facility
(NIF)
which
provides
support
to
infrastructure investments in the region in cooperation with the European Finance
Institutions.
Focus on key areas
According to the strategy paper, the MSP complements existing Euro-Mediterranean
activities and will co-operate fully with existing structures in the field of renewable
energy and associated grid infrastructure development, with a specific focus on the
following areas:
Setting up of an adequate legal, regulatory, economic, institutional and
organisational
environment
to
enable
the
development
and
massive
deployment of solar energy and other renewable energy technologies, and
to facilitate their exchange or trade.
Examine and promote, in cooperation with European and International
Financial Institutions, the best use of all possibilities to finance investments
in renewable energy.
Promote the development of electricity interconnections in order to establish
a viable “green electricity” import and export framework.
Support energy efficiency initiatives and energy savings to realise energy
saving goals by 2020.
Facilitate extensive co-operation on all technology aspects
Avail all EU carbon mechanisms for the benefits of both Mediterranean sides
with the purpose of improving the economics of projects under the MSP.
Continue regular dialogue between stakeholders of the MSP for close
coordination and successful implementation.
The strategy paper foresees the development of a Master Plan for the deployment
of large-scale investments that will be tentatively officially approved by the UfM
Ministerial Meeting in December 2013.
The development of the Master Plan took place in close collaboration with the team
of the forthcoming €5 million EU-funded technical assistance project “Paving the
Way to the Mediterranean Solar Plan” as well as with other EU cooperation
initiatives, and with the MED-REG Association of Energy Regulators.
Complementing the MSP: the role of regional energy programmes
The MSP complements the work being done under a number of interconnecting
Mediterranean energy projects, funded under the European Neighbourhood and
Partnership Instrument2 (ENPI):
MED-REG II - Energy regulators: Supports the development of a modern and
efficient energy regulatory framework in the Mediterranean Partner Countries and
strengthens their cooperation with EU energy regulators. It supports the transfer of
knowledge, as well as the signature of Memoranda of Understanding and/or
Recommendations on the minimum competencies and requirements that EuroMediterranean Regulatory Authorities would need in order to reach a consistent,
harmonized and investment-friendly regulatory framework. Its main activities are
carried out through the General Assembly and ad-hoc groups, comprising officials
working within the national regulatory authorities. MEDREG action will result in
consolidation of the network of EuroMed energy regulators and implementation of
minimum
competences
and
organisational
structure
of
Euro-Mediterranean
Regulatory Authorities.
MED-EMIP - Energy cooperation: A platform for energy policy dialogue and
exchange of experiences, leading to enhanced Euro-Med cooperation, integration of
the
energy
markets
and
improved
security
and
sustainability
-
http://www.medemip.eu/
MED-ENEC II - Energy efficiency in construction: Encourages energy efficiency and
the use of solar energy in the construction sector, through capacity building, fiscal
and economic instruments and pilot projects - http://www.med-enec.com/
2
Although it remains out of the SHAAMS scope, it is relevant to stressed the importance of IMME _
Maghreb Electricity Market Integration initiative.
Page | 27
Promoting MSP investment through the Neighbourhood Investment Facility
(NIF)
The Neighbourhood Investment Facility (NIF) has been designed to create a
“partnership” bringing together grants from the European Commission and the EU
Member States with loans from European public Finance Institutions as well as own
contributions from the ENP partner countries.
The overarching objective of the NIF is to mobilise additional investments to
support the establishment of an area of prosperity and good neighbourliness
involving the EU and neighbouring countries.
The NIF’ strategic Objectives include:
Establishing better energy infrastructure
Addressing threats to our common environment including climate change
Thus the NIF strongly supports the objectives of the MSP and serves as a key
financing mechanism for MSP projects.
Since its start in June 2008 the NIF has approved 12 projects in Southern
Mediterranean countries representing a total investment of more than €5 billion. In
addition to the 4 ongoing projects directly related to MSP and renewable energy, 5
new projects in these areas are in the 2010 NIF pipeline.
5.3 Existing relevant practices
The SHAAMS POLICY ACCELERATOR relevant practices section aims to identify
relevant practices among existing support policies in each region involved in the
project as well as European level and ENPICBC med level in order, after their
selection and study, to set up a pull of Best practices to be transferred.
SHAAMS POLICY ACCELERATOR
Description of the practice nº 1
Name of the project
ELIH-Med
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
Energy Efficiency in Low-income Housing in the
core good practice(s) of the project
Mediterranean
Project rationale
The
project
is
focused
on
identifying
and
experimenting on a large scale a set of practical
and innovative technical options and financial
mechanisms
targeted
to
develop
energy
Page | 28
efficiency in low income housing. A first step will
be dedicated to assess the current trend in
energy consumption and performance of low
income households in the Med area, describe the
current public and private policies implemented
for energy retrofitting and their potential impact
on energy consumption at the horizon.
Project essentials
The mission of ELIH-Med is to identify innovative
technical solutions and financing mechanisms to
improve energy efficiency in low-income housings
in
the
Mediterranean
area.
Moreover,
demonstration projects will be implemented to
verify these innovative findings. As a strategy
project,
additionally,
ELIH-Med
shall
put
its
efforts to develop and get a political consensus
on a transnational operational program on energy
efficiency
in
low-income
buildings,
as
a
component of a macro regional strategy in the
Mediterranean area.
Contact persons/institutions
ENEA – Lead Partner
Casaccia – 301 Via Anguillarese
00123 Rome, Italy
Tel: +39 06 30 48 47 13
fad@enea.it
anna.moreno@enea.it
SHAAMS POLICY ACCELERATOR
Description of the practice nº 2
Name of the project
Energy for Mayors
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
http://www.energyformayors.eu/en/contact-us
core good practice(s) of the project
Project rationale
The aim of the ENERGY for MAYORS project is to
contribute to the successful implementation of
the Covenant of Mayors, a European initiative for
climate protection, through:
-
strengthening
Supporters
to
its
enable
Coordinators
them
to
and
assist
municipalities in signing the Covenant of Mayors,
as well as through strengthening the role of local
Page | 29
governments
as
political
and
administrative
bodies;
-
assisting
in
the
development
and
implementation of Sustainable Energy Action
Plans (SEAPs) in selected municipalities;
-
Page | 30
monitoring SEAP implementation and its
results and improving the efficiency of energy
management in selected municipalities;
-
increasing
the
number
of
Covenant
Coordinators and Supporters.
Project essentials
The ENERGY for MAYORS project is based on a
consideration that Covenant Coordinators (CC)
and Supporters (CS) play vital role in Covenant
implementation but they need guidance in order
to be successful and effectively support Covenant
signatories, in
municipalities
particular
who
lack
small
and
necessary
medium
skills
and
resources to fulfill Covenant requirements. The
project assumes building CC and CS capacity
through
organization
of
specific
trainings,
development and dissemination of a toolbox,
exchange of experience and networking.
* The Covenant of Mayors is an ambitious
initiative engaging European cities and towns in
fight
against
climate
change.
Covenant
signatories commit themselves to go beyond the
EU climate and energy goals set for 2020 by
reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in their
territories by at least 20%. To achieve this,
signatories develop Sustainable Energy Action
Plans (SEAPs), implement energy efficiency and
renewable energy actions, both in public and
private sector of their communities, and organize
Energy
Days.
These
efforts
are
strongly
supported by the European Commission (EC), the
CoM Office and the Covenant Coordinators and
Supporters
Good practice features
Toolbox of Methodologies Climate and Energy
Contact persons/institutions
pattosindacinapoli@anea.eu
SHAAMS POLICY ACCELERATOR
Description of the practice nº 3
Name of the project
ENERGYMED
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
core good practice(s) of the project
–
Conference
Exhibition
on
Renewable Sources and Energy Efficiency in
Mediterranean
Ideal context to discuss the State of the art of
innovative sectors related to renewable energy
sources (solar, wind, thermal), recovery and
recycling of matter (Recycle Fair), sustainable
mobility (Sustainable Mobility Fair) and efficient
building (Eco-Building Fair).
Project rationale
EnergyMed represents the focal point where
enterprises, local authorities, research centres,
associations
and
technicians
can
engage
on
issues of renewable energy, energy efficiency,
sustainable mobility, building and recycling
Project essentials
Strengthening the relationship between the world
of business, local authorities, industry and the
public,
providing
an
effective
instrument
of
business promotion to local, domestic and foreign
businesses
Represent
a
institutions,
point
of
universities
reference
and
for
the
associations,
in
order to help overcome the obstacles that still, in
our country, slowing down the development of
renewable energy sources
Focus
the
attention
of
national
and
local
legislators to new energy technology
Good practice features
B2B MEETINGS: bilateral meetings planned to
promote collaboration between companies and
research centers exhibiting at the Fair
ENERGYMED AWARD: for the best energy-saving
project realized with the third-party financing
methodology
NINO ALFANO AWARD: for best redevelopment
project energy for buildings education approved
in the period 2010-2012
Page | 31
TEST DRIVE ZERO EMISSION: test run available
to visitors that can test the latest generation of
zero emission vehicles made available by the
leading companies in the field of electric traction
INFOPOINT: presence at the Exhibition of the
main national Contact Point as: ICE to promote
Italian economic and trade relations with foreign
countries, with particular attention to the needs
of small and medium-sized enterprises; GSE that
promotes and supports renewable energy sources
(RES) in Italy, promotes sustainable development
by
providing
renewable
support
electricity
for
the
(RES-E)
generation
of
strengthening,
through concrete actions, awareness of the use of
sustainable energy
PARTNERSHIP
WITH
OTHER
EXHIBITIONS:
creation of a network with major trade fairs of
the energy and environmental sector located on
the Italian territory in order to promote the
issues and commercial developments related to
energy efficiency, recycling, sustainable mobility
MEDITERRANEAN FAIRS NETWORK: creation of
an international network with some Fairs present
in the countries of the Mediterranean basin
(Energaia, ENERMED Tunisie) for the promotion
of related sectors (energy, recycling, sustainable
mobility), created with the objective of further
strengthening the renewable energy sector.
Contact persons/institutions
info@energymed.it
SHAAMS POLICY ACCELERATOR
Description of the practice nº 4
Name of the project
“Sustainable development & Environment Chart
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
core good practice(s) of the project
Project rationale
of the CASA” (Communauté d’Agglomération de
Sophia Antipolis).
Commitment of 24 cities to respect a chart
dealing
with
development
environment
and
sustainable
Page | 32
Project essentials
10 topics are covered by this chart:
Education for environment
Risks management
Improving transport and development of clean
vehicles
Improving waste collection and treatment
Development of building quality
Protection and promotion of the coast
Implementation of innovating projects
Supporting the agricultural sector
Exemplarity of CASA
Contact persons/institutions
Communauté
Antipolis
d’Agglomération
de
Sophia
http://www.casa-infos.fr/
Laurent CARRIE
Director l.carrie@agglo-casa.fr
SHAAMS POLICY ACCELERATOR
Description of the practice nº 5
Name of the project
Feed-in tariffs for power from PV
Outputs
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
The increase of the installed solar PV in Greece
core good practice(s) of the project
the last 5 years is presented in the Table 1.
Table 1: Greek annual PV development
Year
Installed
Total
Annual
during
installed
growth
the
(MW)
(%)
year
(MW)
Project rationale
2008
2.0
11
2009
35.1
46.1
319
2010
152.4
198.5
331
2011
425.8
624.3
215
2012
912.0
1536.3
145
To encourage investments in PV systems
Page | 33
Both in relative and absolute terms, Greece has
become today one of the world leaders in solar
PVs. The installed PV per capita in selected
markets in 2013 is presented in Table 2.
Table 2: Installed solar PVs in various
markets (30.1.2013)
Country
KWp/capita
Germany
0.387
Italy
0.277
Greece
0.142
Australia
0.089
France
0.053
USA
0.026
England
0.023
As in Germany and Italy, the world’s largest
markets for solar PVs, Greece uses a system of
feed-in tariffs, which has revolutionized solar
development in the country.
Project essentials
To offer an attractive feed-in tariff.
During 2008-2010, the feed-in tariffs were high,
in the range of 0.45 – 0.55 € /KWh, but later on
they were decreased and currently they are in
the range of 0.10-0.12 €/KWh.
Good practice features
Take-off PV investments
The Greek solar PV development in 2012
according to the PV power capacity is presented
in Table 3.
Table 3: Greek solar PV development in
2012
PV Power
%
<10 KW (Installed on
the roofs of buildings )
19%
10-20 KW
4%
Page | 34
20-150 KW
35%
150-2000 KW
26%
>2000 KW
13%
Page | 35
During the current year, installed PVs continued
to increase in Greece and during January 2013,
300 new MWp of solar PVs were installed in the
country. It is estimated that totally 2.580 MW will
have been installed in Greece by the end of 2013,
and 2.820 MW by the end of 2014. It is worth
noting that for the year 2020 the target for solar
PVs in Greece (regarding the EU directive
2009/28/EU) is 2.200 MW installed; this target
will have almost been achieved many years in
advance.
The targets for solar PVs in Greece according to
the EU directive 2009/28/EU are presented in
Table 4.
Table 4. Targets of Solar PVs in Greece
Year
Total
installed
2013
778
2014
1024
2015
1270
2016
1456
2017
1642
2018
1828
2019
2014
2020
2200
MW
Therefore, it can be concluded that, for Greece,
the best practice for solar energy development is
the successful policies for solar PVs.
Contact persons/institutions
National Electrical Grid Company
SHAAMS POLICY ACCELERATOR
Description of the practice nº 6
Name of the project
PWMSP – paving the way for a Mediterranean
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
core good practice(s) of the project
solar plan.
Project rationale
It assists the Mediterranean Partner Countries
(MPC)
to
create
conditions
that
are
conducive to greater use of sustainable
energy
based
renewable
on
energy
solar,
wind
sources,
and
other
combined
with
energy efficiency and savings in the region.
This
includes
contribute
results
to
and
the
activities
which
development
and
implementation of the Mediterranean Solar Plan
(MSP).
Project essentials
The project engages in various types of activities
such as the development of national and regional
road maps for regulatory reform and institutional
development, development of sustainable energy
policies,
transfer
of
knowledge
via
training
courses, specific study reports on issues at stake,
analysis of infrastructure needs for the MSP,
regional
and
sub-regional
workshops
and
seminars, promotion of cooperation in Research,
Development
and
Innovation
(RDI)
and
the
transfer of clean technologies.
Good practice features
Issuing sustainable energy policy roadmap for
Lebanon
Contact persons/institutions
Florian Sauter-Servaes
Team Leader
Cairo Project Office
39 Beirut Street, 8th floor
Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt
Tel. +20 2 2290 2117
mobile +20 1141 084924
f.sauter@mvv-decon.com
Partners: TERNA (Italy), RTE (France), ENEA
(Italy), Sonelgaz (Algeria)
www.pavingthewaymsp.com
Page | 36
5.4 Global needs analysis
The need to overcome the negative impacts on the environment and other
problems associated with dependency on fossil fuels has forced many countries to
inquire into a prompt change towards more environment-friendly alternatives based Page | 37
on renewable sources able to sustain the increasing energy demand; in this
context, solar energy has proven to be one of the best available alternatives
showing a very limited negative effect on the environment.
3
The regional reports (especially those coming from ENPICBC MED) highlight that
off-grid solar energy systems, stand-alone and mini-grids, have the prospective to
play a significant role in achieving the goal of increasing the use of renewable
energies. In this sense, the solar energy solutions, as many other renewable energy
technologies, are highly praised for its ability to produce electricity with limited
environmental effects.
It is for this reason that solar energy has been integrated in most environmental
policies of the regional and policy makers have targeted solar energy as
fundamental for the implementation of new environmental policies.
As an example of this, at the beginning of 2010, the Lebanese government adopted
an objective of gradually increasing the share of renewable energies in the supply
chain of primary energy from 3% in 2010 to 12% by 2020 as part of its energy
plan. In parallel, action plans and ambitious sector-based programmes are being
currently prepared. In a similar way, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
of Jordan updated in 2007 its energy policy to turn into a more sustainable
energetic economy by 2020.
With the publication of the regional law No. 1 of February 2013, the Campania
Region expressed its strong interest in the promotion of environmental and
sustainability issues as well as in solar energy in particular; in fact, the Region
considers sustainable endogenous resources as fundamental for meeting its energy
needs in a more sustainable way, and has adapted all its activities to this purpose,
from home to school, from mobility to work, from culture to health.
3
HELIOSTHANA, A Mediterranean Sustainable Energy Country - Authored by Emmanuel Bergasse, Adel
Mourtada, Jean-Philippe Denruyter, 2010.
Egypt´s energy strategy, approved in February 2008, is aimed at achieving the
following objectives:
The contribution by renewable energies must reach 20% of the total
electricity generation by 2020.
Page | 38
Specific targets have been established for solar and wind energy
The EE& Renewable Energy component was identified as one of the key elements
leading to a specific RE law (target of 10% by 2020) which provides for the creation
of an EE& Renewable Energy fund (being implemented with the support of the AFD,
World Bank and GEF).
According to the project partners, it is important that this political commitment is
transformed into visible and realisable achievements and not just as simple scraps
of paper. This is the reason why a common strategy and approach, based on the
specifics needs of each region but based on a common perspective of the sector
needs to be fostered. Sharing common objectives, transferring best practices and
identifying common opportunities is an unavoidable task for the eclosion of the
sector and this is expressed by, and should be measured against, the MSP Master
Plan to verify the impact of the actions undertook.
This policy based collaboration must be reflected in efficient solar sector support
initiatives impacting industry, research and the economic development of the
regions. Examples of the gains thus achieved are the improvement of the regions’
technology and innovation knowledge, the identification of new economic niches
and markets or the adaptation of technological assets.
Industrial and urban areas might benefit from this common approach, but also rural
areas, an extensive part of the region’s geography must be considered when
defining such strategies. Hosting solar energy solutions and technologies must be
regarded as an example of how policy actions need to broaden their perspective
when dealing with sustainable energy solutions.
Reflecting on these points shows that the development of a common solar energy
strategy must consider the multifaceted needs and opportunities of the regions and
learn from the insights provided by other territories.
This, it is argued by the project can only be achieved through the promotion of
dialogue and exchange and the implementation of joint efforts.
5.5 Global conclusions
Renewable energy policy, and especially the solar policy, is expected to deliver in
three
areas:
energy
security,
climate
change
mitigation,
and
economic
development (job creation).
As emerged during the analysis one of the key points detected as global project
result is the huge amount of institutions and initiatives that are directly involved in
the policy definition and/or implementation and that are involving the above
mentioned areas.
To guarantee these positive impacts a step towards an effective cooperation in
the Mediterranean should be to structure and coordinate the multiple
initiatives pursuing similar objectives (such as the Union for the Mediterranean,
IPemed; MEDELE, MEDgrid; EnpiCBCMed, among others to generate stronger
impact and added value to the Solar MED initiatives and finally) and policy tools
(such as the Solar MED Plan and the EU policies), to capitalize the efforts and
results.
So, once again, it remains crucial to determine and establish mechanisms and
tools to ensure a concrete and coordinated implementation of both public and
private solar energy initiatives. The elaboration of this mechanism is one of the
most relevant proposals that the SHAAMS project is discussing in order to bring a
long-lasting value added to ENPICBC MED solar initiatives. Surpassing the main
project scope will offer not only at Consortium level but also at global level a great
opportunity for generating a common ENPICBC MED capitalisation effort that will
finally incorporate, at least, all the ENPICBC’ solar projects results. With this goal in
mind the capitalisation mechanisms is aimed at setting the basis for the new
programme period (2014-2020) and build a bridge with the Med Solar Plan.
The regional and transversal policy initiatives require special efforts to be made in
order to ensure that all the actions identified not only contributed to a common
strategy but could also be integrated with other ENPICBC MED regions excluded in
a first stage by the project scope, in order to guarantee a real capitalization effect.
The evolution to an efficient and virtuous “solar MED energy system” cannot be
forced but needs to be built according to a clear, flexible model with the support of
all the stakeholders.
Page | 39
Promote, in Lebanon, Jordan and Egypt, the development of National Solar
Plans with a mix of small and large-scale projects for local markets and
exports.
Promote, especially in Spain, a dialogue with the Central Authorities, to
Page | 40
promote a flexible scheme to incentive solar energy.
Give renewable energies priority access to the grid between the EU and
neighbouring countries, as in the EU.
Facilitate cooperation between the European Union MED countries and
neighbouring countries and especially between grid operators.
Facilitate and support environmental research and socio-economic research
in important areas
Foster
local
programs
for
recovering
and
recycling
solar
panels
in
partnership with industry and vocational training initiatives.
Identify and defend the interest of the ENPI CBC MED regions in
international negotiations on climate change.
To support the demand of EU of renewable energy and to support the
production of solar energy in order to increase solar energy imports from
neighbouring countries.
Inform and raise the awareness of citizen of the environmental and
economic benefits of renewable energies, especially solar.
Design, implement and monitor energy strategies in synergy with climate,
transport, industrial strategies.
6.
The
SHAAMS
ENTERPRISE
RESEARCH
ACCELERATOR
6.1
The European situation of the R&D and solar market.
6.1.1
Focus on R&D: The EU'S HORIZON 2020 Programme
As it has been mentioned before, the Horizon 2020 is the new EU framework
programme for research and innovation under the upcoming multiannual financial
framework 2014-2020, which sets budget priorities.
It will represent one of the main tools for the financing of photovoltaic R&D
projects at EU level.
Running from 2014 to 2020 with a budget of just over €70 billion, the EU’s new
programme for research and innovation is part of the drive to create new growth
and jobs in Europe4.
Horizon 2020 provides major simplification through a single set of rules.
It will combine all research and innovation funding currently provided through the
Framework Programmes for Research and Technical Development, the innovation
related activities of the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme
(CIP) and the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT).
The proposed support for research and innovation under Horizon 2020 will:
Strengthen the EU’s position in science with a dedicated budget of € 24 341
million. This will provide a boost to top-level research in Europe, including
the very successful European Research Council (ERC).
Strengthen industrial leadership in innovation € 17 015 million. This includes
major investment in key technologies, greater access to capital and support
for SMEs.
Provide € 30 956 million to help address major concerns shared by all
Europeans such as climate change, developing sustainable transport and
mobility, making renewable energy more affordable, ensuring food safety
and security, or coping with the challenge of an ageing population.
4
The numbers shown here are subject to the approval of the Multiannual Financial Framework
Regulation by the European Parliament and the Council.
Page | 41
Horizon 2020 will tackle societal challenges by helping to bridge the gap between
research and the market by, for example, helping innovative enterprise to develop
their technological breakthroughs into viable products with real commercial
potential.
This market-driven approach will include creating partnerships with the private
sector and Member States to bring together the resources needed.
6.2
The SOLAR EUROPE INDUSTRY INITIATIVE (SEII) and the European
photovoltaic Technology platform
The Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan represents the technology pillar of the
European climate and energy policy.
It also represents the framework within which the Solar Europe Industry
Initiative (SEII) has been established. 5 other European Industrial Initiatives
have been created, each one dedicated to one of the low-carbon technology
identified by the SET Plan.
The European Photovoltaic Technology Platform is the main forum for PV
stakeholders to create a strategy and corresponding implementation plan for
research
& technology development, education
and
market
deployment
of
photovoltaic.
6.3
The R&D for energy and the solar market in the ENPI CBC MED
The renewable energy market in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in
general and more specifically in ENPI CBC MED regions is growing rapidly, with a
varied range of countries announcing projects and policies to connect the region’s
abundance of renewable energy resources for economic growth and energy security
enhancement.
Those dates refer also to the solar sector that recent years have seen a groundswell
of government and commercial interest. 5
5
Source: Observatoire Méditerranéen de l’Energie (OME), Solar Thermal in the Mediterranean Region:
Market Assessment Report (Nanterre, France: 2012).
Page | 42
Solar Water heating installed Capacity
Total Capacity (MWth)
Total Collector Area (m²)
Egypt (2012)
525.0
750,000
Jordan (2012)
350.0
500,000
Lebanon (2012)
245.0
350,000
Page | 43
Strong demographic growth, urbanisation, and economic expansion, as well as
water scarcity, have resulted in urgent needs for additional energy supplies. With
high fossil fuel prices, solar energy has become a progressively attractive
alternative to local oil and gas consumption.
Solar energy is also considered as an opportunity for electricity exports, industrial
diversification,
new
value-chain
activities,
technology
transfer,
and
better
environmental footprints.
The trends presented by the regional reports evidence the increasing contribution of
modern solar energy sources to meet the ENPICBC MED region’s energy needs.
Actually solar growth is expected to be strong both in CSP and PV and will probably
surpass wind by 2020.
6.4
The R&D and the market strategies
“Electricity is a vital driver in the socio-economic development of modern societies.
This is particularly true for the Mediterranean region, with its rapidly growing
population and increasing socio-economic needs; it is also an appropriate tool for
improving the efficiency of many end-use applications and for reducing greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions.
To best ascertain the crucial role of electricity, and of the associated generation,
grid and interconnection infrastructures in the Mediterranean region, it is necessary
to bear in mind the challenges and socio-economic parameters of the region:
For the Northern Mediterranean region (the European Union), the challenge is
energy transition towards a decarbonized energy sector by 2050 (integrating
significant amounts of renewable energy into the power system) and the
completion of the Internal Energy Market (IEM); the objective is to provide society
with cost-effective energy while mitigating the negative impacts of energy
generation and end-use applications on the environment, human health and
biodiversity. European Union member states have agreed to comply with the
20/20/20 objectives by 2020, taking 2009 as the reference year: reduction of GHG Page | 44
by 20%, and 20% of total energy consumption to be satisfied by renewable energy
sources (RES) (which means 35% of electricity demand met by RES), plus a 20%
increase in energy efficiency.
The ENPI CBC MED countries face the dual challenge of population and economic
growth, which requires a massive amount of new investments in the electricity
sector to meet demand: by 2030 the Southern population will have increased by 78
million and there is a need for 200 GW of additional capacity.
Change in Energy Intensity 1990-2005
These regions also face the challenge of coping with decarbonisation of the energy
sector, as the region is one of the most vulnerable to climate change” 6.
Enhancing the role of the solar sector market is one of the key objectives of the
project. Improving existing market designs and developing new solar sector
solutions for more competitive power systems will be an essential feature of the
transition towards a more efficient economy.
6
Towards an interconnected Mediterranean grid: Institutional Framework and Regulatory Perspectives:
Observatoire Méditerranéen de l’Energie - 2013.
Enhancing market opportunities will also have a fundamental social impact since
the daily penetration of solar energy sources in ENPI CBC MED countries responds
to a more general assumption and a more shared endeavour (bringing together
social, political and economic agents) might represent a good opportunity to
produce system-wide economic benefits in the respective areas as well as the entire Page | 45
system.
Moreover, a more consolidated solar energy market will rely on a stronger policy
set up: when there is little wind or solar, in general, the market strikes a higher
price because more expensive generation is required. When there is plenty of solar,
only the cheapest forms of fossil fuel generation gain access to the market. A price
policy balancing in this sense is required.
Photovoltaic power systems offer many unique benefits above and beyond simple
energy delivery. That is why comparisons with conventional electricity generation and more particularly comparison with the unit energy costs of conventional
generation - are not always valid. If the amenity value of the energy service that
PV provides, or other non-energy benefits could be appropriately priced, the overall
economics of PV generation would be dramatically improved in numerous
applications, even in some grid-connected situations. PV also offers important social
benefits in terms of job creation, energy independence and rural development. 7
In order to accelerate the solar sector growth in the involved regions within the SHAAMS project, it is
necessary to minimize or erase the current existing barriers that have been identified by the consulted
stakeholders.
7
After analysing the individual conclusions achieved by project partners, who are included in the regional
reports on the state-of-the-art in the sector, the following actions can be considered as priority and as
responsible to enable relevant advances in the research and development of the solar sector. At all
events, it is important to highlight the substantial difference in the field of R&D between the EU project
partners and the project partners of neighbour countries. In the latter, no specific R&D programmes
exist. Therefore, it would be advisable to create technological cooperation among countries with the aim
to transferring knowledge at short term. Nevertheless, and in addition to the foregoing we list below the
actions that are currently being developed with optimal results in several of the partner regions of the
SHAAMS project:
1. Regional and National authorities support the sector through fostering the cooperation between
public-private and the research and training centres.
In general, the Crete Region has offered the Global conclusions to foster R&D and Enterprise.
These are:
a) Increase financing of solar energy R+D projects from EU or National funds.
b) Establish a permanent cooperation among academic researchers and SMEs. Enterprises
should communicate technical problems they face in their everyday experience and assign
relevant projects to researchers, towards technological improvement and cost efficiency.
c) Promote clustering of solar energy enterprises, in order to achieve economies of scale (joint
purchasing of materials, joint R&D projects etc)
d) Support the expansion of solar energy SMEs abroad (subsidize exhibitions costs, organize
trade missions etc)
e) State aid measures for the creation of new enterprises in the solar energy sector
Among all the reports on the state-of-the-art developed by the partner regions in the SHAAMS project,
certain initiatives with a high level of transferability must be highlighted. Those initiatives are the
following:
TRANSFERABLE ACTIONS DEVELOPED BY PARTNER REGIONS IN THE SHAAMS PROJECT CONSISTING IN
NATIONAL POLICIES THAT FOSTER R&D

PACA REGION
The French Environment and Energy Management Agency – ADEME is responsible for the guidance and
the facilitation of research in its areas of intervention (renewable energy, air, noise, energy efficiency,
soil, waste). It provides financial support for research, development, demonstration and
experimentation. More recently, in the context of the “investissements d’avenir”, ADEME was asked to
manage several programs or activities within its areas of expertise including a program entitled
"Demonstrators and technological platforms renewable and low-carbon energy and green chemistry."
This program consists of two actions:
o "Demonstrators renewable energy and green chemistry" for an amount of EUR 1 350
million;
o "Sorting and recycling of waste, pollution, eco products" for an amount of EUR 250
million.

LAZIO and CAMPANIA REGIONS
ENEA, the main public organization operating in the fields of energy, environment and new technologies,
has located its main research complex in Casaccia, 28 Km from Rome. Over there, ENEA carries out R&D
on PV, smart grid, eco-buildings design, concentrated solar thermal and energy storage. In the PV
sector, ENEA develops materials, components and innovative technologies in traditional crystalline silicon
areas and in the more advanced ones of multi-junction cells, third generation and nano materials.
Collaborates with PV industries in order to implement research results in market applications and to
optimize processes and equipment for device manufacture. Moreover, ENEA carries out activities on
device test and characterization, monitoring of technology evolution, training, technical standards as well
as on technologies for grid connection optimization.

CATALONIA REGION
Spanish Strategy of Science, Technology and Innovation 2013-2020

MOUNT AND NORTH LEBANON REGION
The Lebanese National Center for Scientific Research (LNCSR) solar energy department has been closed
for more than three years. There is an almost inexistent collaboration in the R&D field. Synergies with
the rest of SHAAMS project partners need to be established with this regard.

ALEXANDRIA REGION
There are many national expertise and specialist on solar energy systems, pero falta colaboración entre
entidades para promocionar el R&D
TRANSFERABLE ACTIONS DEVELOPED BY PARTNER REGIONS IN THE SHAAMS PROJECT CONSISTING IN
REGIONAL POLICIES THAT FOSTER R&D

PACA REGION
Regional cluster policy developed by PACA, PRIDES (Regional Poles of innovation and interdependent
economic development). As a result of that initiative, appears a specific cluster for the energy sector
called Capenergies, which gathers a network essentially made of companies:
300 Companies
Page | 46
6.5
Existing relevant practices
The SHAAMS Enterprise Research and Accelerator relevant practices section aims to
identify relevant initiatives in each region involved in the project as well as in other
European and ENPICBC countries to develop a set of best practices to be
Page | 47
transferred.
SHAAMS Enterprise Research and Accelerator
Description of the practice nº 1
Name of the project
TECHNOLOGY
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
core good practice(s) of the project
DISTRICT
SMART
POWER
SYSTEM
The goal of the District is to aggregate and
networking
companies,
universities
and
research centers to facilitate and accelerate
the development and transfer of knowledge
and technologies in the energy sector.
Project rationale
The strategic objectives can be summarized
as:

supporting new entrepreneurship
through innovation and technological bias in
the application fields of energy
20 Research centers
20 Training centers
20 financial institutions
50 Institutional partners
Capenergies has implemented 33 R&D projects dealing with solar sector. It aims to bring together
stakeholders in the sector to make the area a center of expertise and innovation in clean energy

LAZIO REGION
Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE) as a result of the collaboration between the Region
of Lazio and the Department of Electronic Engineering of the University of Rome - Tor Vergata. CHOSE is
a center of excellence for the research and industrialization of organic and hybrid organic-inorganic
technology applied to PV cells

CAMPANIA REGION
Technological Cluster SMART POWER SYSTEM, has promoted a line of business fully dedicated to
renewable energy sources. The CNR of Naples (National Research Council) is very active on the solar
sector.

CATALONIA REGION
Catalan Plan for Research and Innovation 2010-2013.
Specific working groups for the solar renewal sector in the main Catalan Universities.
CONCLUSIONS
The implementation of actions and the investment carried out in the R&D of photovoltaic technologies,
entails a drastic decrease in the price of the Kwp installed in the last 15 years (that has decreased from
76,67 $/w in 1977 to 0,67 $/w in 2013). The transferability of the developed actions and the exchange
of knowledge among the stakeholders of the partner regions through workshops or international
meetings will enable stakeholders, in collaboration with their authorities, to go forward in the growth of
the solar sector in all the regions. More innovative actions -such as tenders for buildings with zero
energy balance or buildings with a high level of energy efficiency and comfort, where the low energy
demand may be supplied with renewal energies- may be implemented as well as fostering the exchange
of knowledge. At all events, we must highlight the relevance of raising the awareness of citizens with
regards to the economic and environmental advantages of the growth of the solar sector in the
Mediterranean countries, which hold a high potential of solar radiation/m2.

achieving international excellence by
focusing research and development activities
on the themes of industrial interest

production of results of international
importance and a high economic impact

establishment of a centre of
excellence that will attract and form young
talents and researchers in the field of
energy-industry

stimulate and support the creation
and
development
of
new
high-tech
enterprises

technological
development
to
improve the current systems of energy
production from renewable sources and
disposal of the waste at the end of life
through sustainable solutions (from cradle to
grave)
Project essentials
Universities
and
research
centres
are
identified as relevant actors on the territory
for
the
dissemination,
transfer
and
exploitation of research in key areas of
development
of
knowledge
and
their
applications for the scientific, technological,
economic and social development.
Good practice features
Inside the Line of Activities dedicated to
renewable
energy
sources, the
expected
outputs are:
Laboratory

tests
on
panels
and
photovoltaic systems
Laboratories and test facility for the

characterization
and
qualification
of
concentrator photovoltaic cells and modules
pilot

plant
for
the
recycling
of
photovoltaic panels
Contact persons/institutions
agc06@pec.regione.campania.it
SHAAMS Enterprise Research and Accelerator
Description of the practice nº 2
Name of the project
The “Atlas of solar radiation in the PACA
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
core good practice(s) of the project
region”
Page | 48
Project rationale
Distributed free internet, this atlas aims to
serve as a reference for regional assessment
of the potential channels of photovoltaic
(PV),
thermal
and
thermodynamic
solar
radiation.
Project essentials
Page | 49
Different public and private actors in the field
can use this atlas to identify implantation
sites of production systems by solar energy.
Good practice features
Regular updates of the tool
Contact persons/institutions
http://www.atlas-solaire.fr/
SHAAMS Enterprise Research and Accelerator
Description of the practice nº 3
Name of the project
Development
and
implementation
of
decentralized solar energy related innovative
technologies
for
public
buildings
in
the
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
Mediterranean basin countries” – DIDSOLI-
core good practice(s) of the project
PB, ENPI CBC MED
The aim of this project is to install and
investigate
the
performance
of
five
innovative solar energy technologies in four
Med countries: Spain, Greece, Egypt and
Jordan.
Project rationale
Test new solar technologies
Project essentials
The five innovative solar technologies are:
Good practice features
a)
Dish sterling
b)
Parabolic trough
c)
Thin film PVs
d)
Transparent PVs
e)
Solar cooling
Several small scale units (applications of the
abovementioned
installed
in
technologies)
various
regions
will
be
of
the
abovementioned countries and they will be
tested.
Two
of
the
installed
in
above
technologies
the
premises
will
of
be
the
Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania.
The project is under implementation (20122015) and is considered a Best Practice
example.
Contact persons/institutions
Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania
SHAAMS Enterprise Research and Accelerator
Description of the practice nº 4
Name of the project
CHOSE - Organic Solar Pole
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
core good practice(s) of the project
Project rationale
To produce new generation of solar cells by
using organic materials
Project essentials
To
identify
“organic”
the
solar
technology
cells
and
to
produce
adapt
such
technology to industrial processes;
To promote the transfer of technology to
local actors
Good practice features
Solar cells are 10% more efficient
Contact persons/institutions
Prof. Aldo Di Carlo, Universitá di Roma “Tor
Vergata”
SHAAMS Enterprise Research and Accelerator
Description of the practice nº 5
Name of the project
CHOSE - Organic Solar Pole
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
core good practice(s) of the project
Project rationale
To produce new generation of solar cells by
using organic materials
Project essentials
To
identify
“organic”
the
solar
technology
cells
and
to
produce
adapt
such
Page | 50
technology to industrial processes;
To promote the transfer of technology to
local actors
Good practice features
Solar cells are 10% more efficient
Page | 51
Contact persons/institutions
Prof. Aldo Di Carlo, Universitá di Roma “Tor
Vergata”
SHAAMS Enterprise Research and Accelerator
Description of the practice nº 6
Name of the project
Solar car - A prototype electric and solar
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
powered car
core good practice(s) of the project
Project rationale
To promote a no-impact car
Project essentials
To design a prototype electric-powered car
where solar energy may be used for onboard services, such as air conditioning,
interior lights and radio
Good practice features
A car model with all surfaces in PV
Contact persons/institutions
Regione Lazio
6.6 Global needs analysis
A common objective for the entire Mediterranean region is to make energy supply
more secure, with less dependency on fossil fuels, and more sustainable, with
exploitation of the high energy efficiency potential and development of the vast
solar and wind energy resources available, particularly in the South.
Accelerating the development and deployment of solar energy technologies involves
innovation all over the entire technology life cycle, from basic research to
commercialization and the SHAAMS project perceived as global assumption the
need of investing and promoting those instruments that encourage solar energy
technologies innovation. The focus should be put particularly on patents, standards,
technology transfer, cooperative research, project development and demonstration.
The effective and efficient uses of these instruments will bring an added value to
the solar technologies development at global level.
However, many barriers still remain to be surpassed to guarantee a concrete
acceleration to the “private and research sector”:
Page | 52
Market barriers: Lack of bankable reference projects, market distortions created
by subsidies for conventional energy, and limited technology transfers and
capacity building.
Regulatory/ Administrative barriers: Uncertain regulatory frameworks.
Financial barriers: High capital and up-front costs for investors.
Infrastructure: Issues with national and regional grid adequacy and access.
Technology barriers: Lack of interconnection between Research sector and
Market.
Knowledge
and
Training:
lack
of
innovative
initiatives
professionalism of workers.
Limited funding for research activities
Development and implementation of specific training actions
Other barriers: Social acceptance.
to
enhance
the
6.7 Global conclusions
The European Commission defines Knowledge as “the triangle of education,
research and innovation” and identifies it as one of the priority areas of its new
2020 Agenda.
Page | 53
The SHAAMS project turned this definition as its own assumption considering
extremely relevant the importance of applying it to the whole ENPICBC MED region.
Technology and Knowledge, its transfer and its exchange, emerge as crucial
points for turning solar scientific research into innovations that could definitely
improve the quality of life and enhance business competitiveness at ENPICBC level.
The research organisations, universities, science parks and scientific teams involved
in the SHAAMS project should try to improve the impact and exploitation of either
public or private funded research results (for instance, through the development of
academia-industry
collaborations,
licensing
and
spin-offs
and
new
training
initiatives).
At ENPI CBC MED level, as well as at European level, it has been observed the
need to facilitate knowledge and technology transfer between public research
organisations and private sector agents. This need can be observed both at national
level as well as in a more trans-national dimension where a significant knowledge
transfer deficiencies have been detected.
According to the regional needs exposed in the local needs analysis and regional
reports, a more active organisation of knowledge and moreover, technology
transfer activities would help ENPI CBC MED gaining competitive advantage at an
international level by enhancing its the area innovative capacity and facilitating
access to the Intellectual Property8 generated for the mutual benefit of all the
partners involved.
That is why the SHAAMS project stressed the need of improving solar
technologies common Technology and Knowledge Transfer Scheme aimed
8
Working Paper: Intellectual Property Rights “The Role of Patents in Renewable Energy Technology
Innovation”. IRENA - International Renewable Energy Agency 2013.
at promoting ENPI CBC MED area's research, discoveries, patents, licenses, and
any other activity that could enhance the acceleration in use and production of solar
technologies.
As emerge from the regional situations and common opportunities in the field of
solar technology, a special attention must be paid to the training initiatives,
professional education and development of new “skill and jobs” related to the solar
sector that can be considered, more properly, as part of the “green economy”.
Green training initiatives touch the entire training system
Green Economy jobs constitute, at a time of economic decline, a significant
opportunity for enhancing the project performance and to give an answer to the
identified challenges. In all the participant regions of the SHAAMS project,
important and relevant increases in demand for “green skills” has been identified
9
and stressed as regional market need.
10
One of the objectives of the SHAAMS project is, therefore, to trigger the interest of
all the agents in the implementation of training actions. This need stems from the
conviction among the partners that certain skills and capacities must be enhanced
within the sector in order to secure the former’s development.
In this sense, the authors11 have observed that there is no comprehensive review of
the implication of national greening policies on skill gaps at general level. Such a
9
“Skills for Employment Policy Brief - Greening the global economy: the skills challenge.” European
Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) and the European Commission. October
2011.
10
“Green jobs” are jobs that reduce the environmental impact of enterprises and economic sectors,
ultimately to levels that are sustainable. This definition covers work in agriculture, industry, services and
administration that contributes to preserving or restoring the quality of the environment.
(UNEP/ILO/IOE/ITUC, 2008).
On the basis of the above, an analysis on the creation of green jobs linked to renewal energies (and
especially, to solar photovoltaic power) within the SHAAMS countries was conducted. Most jobs were
identified within the installation, operation and maintenance of the facilities dedicated to renewal
production. Other jobs were identified in companies related to the production of equipment, such as
companies specialized in the production of solar panels, wind turbines or equipment for hydraulic
facilities. There is a clear difference between the countries within the European arc, which are more
developed in terms of renewal energies, and the SHAAMS’ project partners, who still have a low
implementation of renewal energies. The described situation -according to the reports drafted by project
partners- seems to have exponential effects due to the magnitude of the projects that will be developed
in non-EU countries in the near future. Consequently, we may observe the incidence of renewal energies
11
Page | 54
in the employment within the countries to which the SHAAMS’ project partners belong. In this sense, the
contributions to the green labour market of the solar sector must be highlighted.

SPAIN
The volume of workers dedicated to the renewal energies sector in Spain is estimated around 70.152
(direct employment). The indirect employment is estimated on 45.570. Therefore, the total of direct and
indirect jobs related to renewal energies was 115.722 in 2011.
Spain holds the fourth place in terms of number of jobs within the EU and has an economic power of
7.861 million €.
SECTOR
JOBS
%
Solar Photovoltaic
Solar Thermal
19.552
6.757
27.9%
9.6%
INDIRECT
JOBS
8.798
3.041
DIRECT
JOBS
28.350
9.798
The largest part of the companies within the renewal energies sector can be classified as part of one of
the following fields:
-
Solar photovoltaic: 54, 6%.
Solar Thermic: 41, 8%.
Wind power: 24, 4%.
Biomass: 22, 1%.
Nearly 43% of the companies present an increase in their personnel. Nevertheless, 25% of the
companies have suffered the effects of the sectorial crisis resulting from both the current economic
situation and the changes in the legal system, which have reduced the number of workers.
The crisis in the sector is a consequence of the loss of incentives to the sector and has had different
effects in the sector companies, being those companies with less than 10 workers the most affected.
Among the big size companies, the decrease of jobs in some of them was compensated with the increase
of jobs that others experimented. The most affected subsectors are the solar thermal, solar photovoltaic,
geothermal and common activities to all the sectors. Notwithstanding, the wind power, solar thermoelectrical, biomass, biofuels, hydraulic, mini-hydraulic and biogas sectors have suffered less severe
effects.

ITALY
Italy produces 676 GWh and holds the third place within the EU15 in the production of photovoltaic
energy. Ahead lie Germany -where 6200 GWh were produced in 2011- and Spain -where production has
increased to 6.103 GWh-.
Over the last years, and thanks to the economic incentives for the production of photovoltaic solar
power, Italy has experimented a fast-growing of the solar sector.
That growth has meant an exponential increase in the number of jobs related to the photovoltaic and
thermal energies.
SECTOR
JOBS
%
Solar photovoltaic
1.700
9%
Solar Thermal
3.000
14%

FRANCE
In 2011, primary production of all kind of renewal energies (electric and thermal) reached approximately
23 million tons equivalent of oil (Mtep), which means almost 16% of the National production of energy.
France is more focused on the following energies: hydraulic (23,8%), wind power (3,6%) and solar
power (0,6%), which almost mean 28% of the total production of renewal energies.
The case of wind power connected to the electric grid must be highlighted as the electricity quota
produced in France has considerably increased over the last years, going from 1 MW in 1996 to 1034
MW in 2010. The electricity produced by photovoltaic solar energy has increased significantly too, from
10,7 Mwc in 2000 to 29,3 in 2011 Mwc, overall that part connected to the grid. That fact may be
explained by the French Government’s incentives, which have given financial support for the installation
of the mentioned facilities. Nowadays, the renewal energies sector holds almost 70.000 employees in
France, although the forecasts point towards 300.000 jobs by 2020.

EGYPT
Page | 55
review has become impending in a context where environmental strategies, green
structural exchange and economic recovery must go hand in hand.
In this sense, the authors believe that the basis for any effective training and skillsdevelopment strategy comes from the fluent interaction among the central
government,
regional
authorities,
private
sector
representatives
and
social
partners; an interaction that is, however, significantly inexistent in all the regions
involved in the project. Promoting the need to engage in a joint effort towards the
development of national / regional strategies will be one of the objectives of the
SHAAMS project.
According to the authors, one of the preconditions for the development of an
effective strategy for the development of the green jobs sector comes from the
involvement of several policy areas and departments (environment, employment,
business creation, education, training, agriculture, rural affairs, etc.) and its
coherent integration in their respective policies. 12
This collaboration should result in the development of strategies aimed at providing
the solid ground on which to implement two differentiated delivery mechanisms;
one the one hand, the development of regional long-term skills response
programmes and, on the other, skills responses within corporations and social
agents.
These delivery mechanisms should help the sector to
a) introduce new activities on existing occupations and
b) stress the role of new occupations related to the environmental sector.
The whole process, framed by a common strategy, should consider the following
steps: identification of needs, coherence of the needs with the policy framework,
The scarce implementation of renewal energies in Egypt –only 1% from which most correspond to
hydroelectric power- is responsible for the insufficient available data. Therefore, no conclusions can be
offered with regards to the labour market strength linked to solar and photovoltaic energies.
The National energy strategy linked to the size of the started-up or designed projects opens a horizon of
large growth in the creation of jobs linked to solar and thermal energies.

JORDAN
The case of Jordan is very similar to that of Egypt, having a great solar potential but scarce
implementation of those energies. However, as well as in Egypt, the started-up and designed projects
may be capable of changing that dynamic. Once having analysed the current state of green jobs in the
countries to which SHAAMS project partners belong, we now present the influence of training and
capacitation with regards to the improvement of the identified opportunities within green economy.
12
Olga Strietska-Ilina • Christine Hofmann • Mercedes DuránHaro • Shinyoung Jeon “Skills for Green
Jobs: A Global View”. This study of 21 countries, which represent 60 per cent of the world population,
shows that economies moving towards greener production can seize the potential for job creation if they
deal effectively with the coming structural change and transformation of existing jobs.
Page | 56
dissemination of the needs within and without the sector, registration of the needs
into specific training actions and definition of the delivery mechanisms.
Several agents must take part in the identification of the training needs in the
solar sector; workers, SMEs, trade unions, business associations, training centres,
national and regional employment services and consumers must take an active role
in the identification of the skills gaps.
Such collaboration will be fundamental to take the initiative in the identification of
skill gaps, the communication and the dissemination of these needs (in the form of
regional, national, transnational studies and reports) in order to be registered and
materialised in specific courses and training actions (for which specific funding
will be needed).
All this process is also fundamental to ensure an effective matching between the
identified needs, the delivery mechanisms (programmes within the educational
system, training modules for specific occupations, internal programmes within
firms, etc.) and the general policy framework.
As it has been said before, the coordination between public and private
stakeholders and the degree of involvement of social partners still remain a
decisive question to be satisfied.
In order to promote them special measures need to be implemented so as to speed
a green employability embrace. These measures include:
Capacity building for employers in the informal economy and micro and
small enterprises to enter green markets in localities where they are most
needed;
Entrepreneurship training and business coaching for young people and
adults to start up green businesses in conjunction with microfinance
projects;
Environmental awareness among decision-makers, business leaders and
administrators as well as institutions of formal and non-formal training
systems.
The transition to a greener economy has the potential to create millions of jobs but
it will not be successfully achieved without the provision of the skills and capacities
required to effectively implement it. How long and how difficult this transition will
Page | 57
be will depend largely on prior planning and coordination on capacity building and
skill development schemes.
Within these schemes the retraining of workers and the upgrading of their skills will
be crucial for a swift and fast transition to a greener economy. This transition will
require a significant restructuration for which previous preparation should be
implemented in three areas, employment shifts within and across sectors, emerging
occupations a general shifts.
As a final recommendation it must be mentioned that the previous measures can
only be taken if sufficient resources are available. It is therefore recommended
that not only national governments but also international partnerships and funding
initiatives are established in order to promote both environment programmes and
skills development programmes.
At global project level it is required to pay special attention to gender equality in
green jobs as well as to women’s condition in the green labour market.
Since women could be among the main beneficiaries of a greener, more socially
inclusive economy, with a better access to jobs opportunities, for example in
renewable energy, a special need to cover the gap of its absence in the vast
majority of policy related to green skills has been identified and needs to be faced.
Page | 58
7.
The SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR
7.1 The European public awareness in solar sector
As mentioned in paragraph 6.2, the aim of the European Strategic Energy
Technology Plan (SET-Plan) is to transform the way energy is produced and used in
the European Union and to foster the development of cutting-edge renewable
energy technologies, in order to provide Europe with the technical solutions
required to meet its 2020 and 2050 energy and climate goals.
Since the SET-Plan was launched, many public awareness activities have been
undertaken to advance these goals and to bring Europe closer to its renewable
energy targets and to increase public awareness of the benefits of low-carbon
energy.
The following is a list of actions taken to promote the widespread uptake of solar
energy technology throughout the EU and ENPICBC MED countries in support of
SET-Plan objectives.
Solar Days was launched in 2002 in Austria, Germany and Switzerland and
later expanded to become an official annual European Solar Days event held
throughout Europe, aimed at increasing public awareness of solar energy
and encouraging more people in the European Union to use it.
The 6th edition of the European Solar Days, held in 2013, has shown
massive public support across Europe for solar energy, with more than half a
million European citizens attending 6,000 events in 20 countries.
The organisation of annual "Solar Day" events on a national level aims to
raise public awareness of intelligent energy solutions and behaviours,
particularly for Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic. Previous "Solar Days" in
Austria, Switzerland and Germany since 2002 showed high acceptance by
the target groups of the campaign: local citizens, students and pupils.
The objective is now to expand the "Solar Day" from Austria, Switzerland
and Germany towards the "European Solar Days" to five additional European
countries in 2008: France, Italy, Slovenia, Spain and the Netherlands.
The 6th edition of the European Solar Days has shown massive public
support across Europe for solar energy. More than half a million European
citizens attended the 6,000 local events in 20 countries from 1 to 19 May
Page | 59
2013, keen to learn more about the decentralised energy source. This
remarkable level of participation reflects Europeans’ positive view of solar
energy: according to a Eurobarometer survey 94% of Europeans are in
favour of this renewable energy technology, more than any other energy
source.
Page | 60
The European Union finances the SOLFACE project in 2004, which aims to
open up a high-flux solar facility to scientists from Europe and allow them to
tackle some as yet unexplored areas of research. SOLFACE offered highquality research in two of the seven FP6 priority thematic areas, namely:
“Nano-technologies
materials,
new
and
nano-sciences,
production
process
and
development, global change and ecosystems”.
knowledge-based
devices”
and
functional
“Sustainable
In June 2012, the European Commission and the Secretariat of the Union for
the Mediterranean jointly organized a Mediterranean Energy Forum and a
meeting of the Joint Committee of Experts for the Mediterranean Solar Plan,
which focused on regulatory aspects of the Plan and on electricity
transmission infrastructure.
The European Commission published its Energy Roadmap 2050 in 2012, in
which it states that the EU needs to expand and diversify links between the
European network and neighbouring countries with a particular focus on
North Africa, with a view to harnessing the solar energy potential of the
Sahara. This Roadmap also identified concentrated solar power as a
renewable technology in need of increased investment.
In May, 2013, an ad hoc Union for the Mediterranean Senior Officials
Meeting on Energy was held in Jordan to advance preparations of the
Mediterranean Solar Plan and prepare for the upcoming Union for the
Mediterranean’s Ministerial Meeting on Energy, set to take place in
December 2013 in Brussels.
The 28th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU
PVSEC) is set to take place in Paris on 30 September – 4 October, 2013,
bringing together scientists, researchers and policy makers to discuss the
current challenges facing the PV sector in Europe and globally.
7.1.1 The public awareness in the ENPI CBC MED region
The involvement of national and international NGOs and the presence of an active
social society have always a significant impact in the development of any common
endeavour; and the development of a stronger solar sector is no exception of this.
Environmental protection and natural conservation have always benefitted from the
involvement of civil society, an involvement that in many cases has made possible
to conduct strategic consultations considering social needs and impacts.
However, one issue calls the attention when dealing with the involvement of civil
society bodies.
Page | 61
This is the significant lack of “simultaneous communication” between the social
society and the “institutional framework”. In general terms, these two areas of
activity seem to operate in different levels with limited contact points.
This separation is made worse by the lack of interaction between policy makers
(national or local agencies) and private solar sector representatives. This lack of
interaction has as a result the lack of matching between policy directives and
guidelines and the real market needs.
Community empowerment and social capacity building emerge as positive
signals of a most conscious civil society. As a general assumption, the apprehension
of new information on solar energy by civil society stakeholders make them more
prone to approach solar energy solutions increasing both their capacity to learn and
to influence the development of the sector. However, global experience shows that
in order to achieve this goal significant “blind points” need to be surmounted for
which the adoption of specific policies and intersector dialogue are fundamental.
7.1.2 The Partnerships and initiatives in the solar sector
Several initiatives have shown the importance of civil society’s proactiveness for the
development of solar sector. Examples of these actions include the organisation of
consumption cooperatives, communication and awareness raising campaigns,
educational initiatives, etc.
This role of civil society agents must be enhanced and supported by the active role
of public bodies and agencies. In this sense the development of consultative actions
and capacity building initiatives such as Heliosthana WWF and the Solar Day can be
seen as an example of how public bodies can encourage the involvement of civil
society with the purpose to identify their insights and expectations on issues so
important as energy consumption and environmental sustainability.
After stressing the importance of cooperation initiatives at civil society level it is
important to identify specific examples of partnerships and the way they have
interacted and affected the development of energy efficiency solutions.
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7.2
Existing relevant practices
The SHAAMS Social Accelerator relevant practices section aims to identify
relevant practices among existing support policies in each region involved in the
project as well as European level and ENPICBC med level in order, after their
selection and study, to set up a pull of Best practices to be transferred.
SHAAMS Social Accelerator
Description of practice nº 1
Name of the project
EARTH HOUR
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
Earth hour is one of the largest and symbolic
core good practice(s) of the project
mass participation events in the world. The
campaign is organized by WWF and consists in a
symbolic gesture of turning off the lights of
monuments, places and homes. It is an initiative
launched
as
environment,
a
mark
which
of
respect
translates
for
into
the
concrete
action in favour of sustainability.
Project rationale
Increase and raise awareness about the damage
caused by climate change in progress for several
decades that give rise to natural disasters due to
human pollution.
Project essentials

Creating
an
interconnected
global
community to share the goal of a
sustainable future for the planet

Solicit
institutions,
enterprises
and
citizens to take concrete actions to
reduce its footprint on the planet and
commit to a sustainable future
Good practice features

Communication
campaigns
aimed
at
increasing awareness about the damage
caused by climate change

Moment
of
reflection
about
the
opportunity to change some daily habits
in
the
direction
of
environmental
sustainability

Raising awareness of waste reduction
through
appropriate
communication
Page | 63
campaigns in schools
Contact persons/institutions
info@earthdayitalia.org
SHAAMS Social Accelerator
Description of practice nº 2
Name of the project
EARTH DAY
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
Established by the United Nations day in which
core good practice(s) of the project
we
celebrate
the
Page | 64
environment
and
the
preservation of planet Earth. Celebration that
occurs every year, one month and two days after
the spring equinox, on 22 April.
Project rationale
The celebration involves 175 countries and wants
to emphasize the need for conservation of natural
resources of the Earth
Project essentials

Opportunity to evaluate the problems of
the planet

Opportunity to bring out the Green
Generation that looks to a future free
from fossil fuel energy in favour of
renewable energy sources

Individual
empowerment
towards
sustainable consumption

Development of a green economy and
an
education
system
inspired
by
environmental issues
Good practice features

give
voice
and
strength
to
the
institutions, and research and scientific
centres and enterprises able to promote
technological
innovation
and
cultural
change

promote fund-raising for humanitarian
problems linked to environmental impact

creates
between
opportunities
the
for
scientific
interaction
community,
business community and institutions to
promote and support the development
and dissemination of ideas and projects
of environmental attention

Moment
of
reflection
about
the
opportunity to change some daily habits
in
the
direction
of
environmental
sustainability

Page | 65
Raising awareness of waste reduction
through
appropriate
communication
campaigns in schools
Contact persons/institutions
info@earthdayitalia.org
SHAAMS Social Accelerator
Description of practice nº 3
Name of the project
Training of Engineers in energy inspection of
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
buildings
core good practice(s) of the project
Project rationale
To create a well-trained engineers’ pool for
implementing energy inspection in buildings
Project essentials
Training of more than 100 engineers in Western
Crete
Good practice features
Creation
of
qualified
engineers
in
energy
performance of buildings
Contact persons/institutions
Ms Antonia Botonaki,
Vocational Training Centre “Synergy”
SHAAMS Social Accelerator
Description of practice nº 4
Name of the project
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
WEB Portal on Sustainable development
core good practice(s) of the project
Project rationale
This
web
portal
has
been
created
by
the
University of Nice to best meet the visibility of
actions and projects in SD undertaken within the
university and to highlight the initiatives of each
citizen on this approach.
Project essentials
The objectives are:

Build
together
a
resource
centre
dedicated to the academic world and its
partners;

Inform on the activities of research
directly
related
to
sustainable
development;

Propose concrete actions that will bring
out a common awareness of the need to
transform the university in accordance
with
the
principles
of
sustainable
development;

Introduce to current students the actions
implemented by their university in this
field;

Bring together in a single space the
various initiatives that already exist.
Contact persons/institutions
http://redd.unice.fr/
University of Nice
SHAAMS Social Accelerator
Description of practice nº 5
Name of the project
Project
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
core good practice(s) of the project
Project rationale
“Energy
is
Life”
-
educational
and
informative tabs and a “living” laboratory for
examining
the
environmental
issues
in
the
international spot light
Elaboration of informative tools through the
participatory planning and implementation of the
activities
Project essentials
To inform on emerging environmental issues
Good practice features
To involve children, young people, parents and
teachers in the most surprising and interesting
sides of scientific phenomena on energy and,
through direct experience, show how innovation
is crucial to promote sustainability
Contact persons/institutions
Mr. Giuseppe Emanuele Cangemi (Regione Lazio)
Page | 66
SHAAMS Social Accelerator
Description of practice nº 6
Name of the project
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute
Tuscia Project - establishment of environmental
education laboratories
the core good practice(s) of the project
Project rationale
To
build
skills
in
four
areas:
education,
environment, institutions, interpersonal relations
Project essentials
To capacitate
“professional” operators for the
laboratories on environmental education
Good practice features
To build a professional profile in the field of
awareness raising able to communicate specific
environmental
related
issue,
including
solar
energy
Contact persons/institutions
Province of Viterbo in collaboration with the
University of Tuscia
SHAAMS Social Accelerator
Description of practice nº 7
Name of the project
Provincial
Deliverable(s) or output(s) that constitute the
information
point
on
renewable
energy and energy saving
core good practice(s) of the project
Project rationale
To support and inform those who want to install
systems of energy production from RES (e.g.
administrative
procedures
for
obtaining
authorizations and clearances).
Project essentials
To contribute to the dissemination of good
practices in energy saving, green building and
environmentally friendly purchases;
To inform on the availability of incentives, loans
and grants for RES;
Good practice features
To follow RES users in a wide range of aspects
Page | 67
Contact persons/institutions
Province of Rome
Page | 68
7.3
Global needs analysis
As emerged from regional studies, cooperation in the field of energy plays an
important role for the sustainable economic and social development of an
increasingly integrated Euro-Mediterranean region.
In this sense the Commission works to facilitate the deployment of modern
technologies by the EU’s partner countries in the southern neighbourhood and to
achieve an interconnected energy market.
Moreover, a strong effort is being conducted to enhance the Civil Society
participation and involvement in the achievement of economic and social results.
The Civil Society have increasingly become an active players in the economic realm,
with initiatives having an impact on local economy or by monitoring repercussions
of national and international economic policies.
The EU has long supported the "social economy", which focuses on achieving social
impact rather than profit only. Associations of cooperatives, foundations and NGOs
are particularly active in promoting entrepreneurship and job creations by
mobilising grassroots communities, delivering services and stimulating income
generating activities for the poor and marginalised.
The EU supports both at EU27 and ENPICBC level Civil Society initiatives and
partnerships which combine social and economic ambitions, in sectors such as rural
development, food security, tourism and culture, environment and energy,
among others. Particular attention is given to job creation and entrepreneurship
responsive to community needs, stimulating local economic growth in an inclusive
and sustainable manner.
However as detected at local level, public awareness raising initiatives still present
a lack of impact in terms of dissemination and knowledge about the importance of
participating actively between the stakeholders.
7.4
Global conclusions
A key obstacle for the extensive adoption of solar alternatives is that politicians,
decision makers, financiers, government employees, and members of the general
public are usually not aware of how much solar technologies have evolved and
improved in the last decade. This lack of awareness is severely limiting the
Page | 69
implementation of viable and practical solar solutions that can enhance local energy
security and reduce the use of polluting sources of energy. In addition, as the cost
of solar options decrease and technology matures, the pace of their implementation
is becoming constrained by other factors. The key constraining factors are: risk
perception, access to financial capital, and development of local capacity. These Page | 70
constraining factors are intimately and directly related, as risk perception increases,
access to financial capital becomes more difficult and onerous. Risk perception can
be changed by innovative educational strategies aimed at increasing awareness,
political support, local capacity, and know-how. In addition, local capacity
development not only can increase public awareness but is also essential to ensure
that solar projects are properly designed and maintained.
A most effective and sustainable use of the solar energy enhanced by a continuous
Social involvement, still remain one of SHAAMS main goals and the capacity
building and awareness raising are the means to achieving it.
The main suggested SHAAMS capacity building activities are:
Facilitating and supporting environmental institution building and
legislation by governments at regional, sub-regional, national and
local levels. Identifying the legislative and regulatory frameworks and
the governance setting able to attract investments with the objective
to secure the highest level of energy access and security
Developing and testing solar energy management instruments in
collaboration with selected partners, international organisations,
NGOs, local authorities and other major groups.
Promoting public participation and access to information on solar
questions. Facilitating access to, and dissemination of, information on
solar issues, build stakeholders' capacity on the link between climate
change and solar sector, promoting public participation within energy
decision making processes.
Helping develop policy at the national, regional and global level taking
as benchmark EU energy policies.
Design mechanisms and /or actions to promote the implementation of
the legal provisions on renewable energies existing at national and
regional level.
Enhancing
synergies
between
environmental
conventions
and
multilateral solar sector agreements as well as capitalizing on the
EuroMed Energy Forum and UfM Energy ministerial Conferences or
Regional
Center
for
Renewable
Energy
and
Energy
Efficiency
(RCREEE) capacity and strength.
Building capacity to assess environmental conditions and changes.
Facilitating technology and knowledge transfer.
Disseminating best practices.
Page | 71
8.
The common action plans
Thanks to the efforts of the partners, the stakeholders and experts consulted during
the elaboration of the regional analysis, three action plans were conceived to bring
the SHAAMS project to achieve its common objectives and ambitious finality.
Page | 72
8.1
A common action plan for the SHAAMS Policy accelerator
WP5 POLICY ACCELERATOR
WHAT AND WHO?
ROLE OF EACH
INVOLVED
PARTNER
EXPECTED
RESULTS
PP6 (ANEA) will be the WP coordinator and will be responsible for
the coordination of the activities hereby defined.
PP6 (ANEA) will organize in Naples the Conference Exhibition on
Renewable Sources and Energy Efficiency, called Energy Med
where the SHAAMS project will be promoted
PP3 (FSA) will be responsible to implement 1 participative
workshop and 3 local meetings.
PP8 (AULE) will coordinate local initiatives and the participative
WS "The importance of Renewable Energy in Future SocioEconomic Development".
PP11 (BIAT) will coordinate local initiatives and the participative
WS "Dilemmas of solar energy across the regions: raising the
case of each country".
PP4 (CCIA-BML) will identify, in accordance of the participants
involved, the organisation of the exchange missions.
PP5 (EJUST), PP7 (WWF MedPO) and PP9 (TEI) will directly
support the actions implemented and will secure their impact on
their territories.
PPs 1-2-6-10 will play the role of consultancy support in the
development of the activities.
Provide policy makers with the necessary tools to define a
common and integrative approach towards solar energy solutions
Develop reliable interaction structures facilitating the identification
of efficiency-proven governance solutions for the take up of the
solar energy sector.
Identification and definition of innovative support strategies for
the development of the solar energy sector.
Address regulatory uncertainties in the territories hampering the
development of energy efficient solutions
Set up reliable structures enabling the development of private
sector initiatives and investments.
Allow policy decision makers to focus their efforts and economic
resources towards effective, profitable and highly-supported
actions.
Raising public awareness through the introduction of legal and
regulatory mechanisms for the promotion the sector’s take up.
Showcasing the impact of participative activities in the
development of solar energy-based solutions
Facilitate the involvement of political and public organisms in the
development experimental activities.
Page | 73
8.2
A common action plan for the SHAAMS Enterprise and Research accelerator
WP6 SHAAMS ENTERPRISE AND RESEARCH ACCELERATOR
Page | 74
WHAT AND WHO?
ROLE OF EACH
INVOLVED
PARTNER
EXPECTED
RESULTS
PP. 11 (BIAT) as work package leader, will be the coordinator
and promoter of the activities described.
The Applicant (CCB)- PP2 (AGEAS) –PP4 (CCIA-BML) – PP5
(EJUST) – PP6 (ANEA) – PP8 (AULE) – PP9 (TEI) and PP10
(BERYTECH) will join efforts in the identification of relevant
stakeholders and will define together, the content of the
training materials.
The Applicant (CCB)- PP2 (AGEAS) –PP4 (CCIA-BML) – PP5
(EJUST) – PP6 (ANEA) – PP8 (AULE) – PP9 (TEI) and PP10
(BERYTECH) will set up a pool of research that will foster the
collaboration between the academic and the entrepreneurial
environment.
The Applicant will be responsible for the identification and
analysis of the investment market and the organisation of a
Brokerage event.
PP8 (AULE) will coordinate the Technology transfer activity
and brokerage event in Jordan.
PP4 (CCIA-BML) will develop the local Technology Transfer
activity and brokerage event in Lebanon.
PP4 (CCIA-BML), PP5 (EJUST), PP6 (ANEA), PP9 (TEI), PP10
(BERYTECH) and PP11 (BIAT) will be especially involved in the
training for green job actions and Technology Transfer
activities.
Establishment of effective market support structures and
improving regional infrastructures
Improvement of the regions’ technical and operational
capabilities on the green job market
Create a level playing field for the entrepreneurial and
research agents involved in the process
Increasing of the opportunities for international collaboration
and knowledge exchange
Identification of market opportunities in sample energy, solar
sectors.
Enhancement of Technology Transfer in the field of solar
energy
Creation specific info/contact point that will allow for the
regular interaction among the sector relevant agents.
Identification and development of effective proven funding
mechanisms
Generation of a regional common know-how on the sector
8.3
A common action plan for the SHAAMS social accelerator
WP7 SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR
Page | 75
ROLE OF EACH
INVOLVED PARTNER
PP7 WWF will be the general coordinator of the activities.
PP7 will work together with regional partners and will
coordinate the actions in Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, Catalonia
and Lazio region.
PP1 (FUNDITEC) - PP2 (AGEAS) – P5 (EJUST) – P8 (AULE) –
P10 (BERYTECH) will be the local supporters for the
involvement of schools and social agents (NGOs, Trade
Unions, Employers’ associations etc.).
EXPECTED RESULTS
Improve broad cross-sector “active awareness” initiatives and
enforce informational initiatives towards energy transition.
Generate a more receptive environment for the
implementation and use of solar energy solutions.
Create the necessary mechanisms to allow the involvement of
local communities and civil society representatives in the
planning process.
9.
Glossary
PV – PHOTOVOLTAIC: is a method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into
direct current electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic power
generation employs solar panels composed of a number of solar cells containing a photovoltaic material.
RE - RENEWABLE ENERGY: is energy that comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain,
tides, waves and geothermal heat.
KW = KILOWATT: One thousand (1,000) watts. A measure of power often referring to instantaneous
peak power generation or consumption capacity.
mW = MEGAWATT: One million (1,000,000) watts. A measure of power often referring to
instantaneous peak power generation or consumption capacity.
GW = GIGAWATT: One billion (1,000,000,000) watts. A measure of power often referring to
instantaneous peak power generation or consumption capacity.
KWH = KILOWATT-HOUR: A measure of energy, often used to describe electricity generation or
consumption over time. Ten (10) light bulbs rated at 100 watts burning for one hour consume one
kilowatt-hour of electricity.
GWH = GIGAWATT-HOUR: One billion (1,000,000,000) watt-hours, or one million (1,000,000)
kilowatt-hours.
TWH
=
TERAWATT-HOUR:
(1,000,000,000) kilowatt-hours.
One
trillion
(1,000,000,000,000)
watt-hours,
or
one
billion
Page | 76
10.
Annex 1: a first regional overview
Annex 1:
A FIRST REGIONAL OVERVIEW
WP4
BACKGROUND AND SCOPE
The purpose of this annex is to give an overall overview of the regional situation of the solar sector in
the countries participating in SHAAMS project.
The data obtained served as a base for carrying out the Action Plans that incorporated specific measures
to promote the development of the sector in each region which participates in the project.
WORK METHODOLOGY
The analysis is based on 8 reports from each participant in the Project, taking into account the state of
renewable energies in general, and the solar sector in particular. These are
Spain (Catalonia)
Italy (Campania)
Italy (Lazio)
France (Provence Alpes – Cote D’Azur)
Greece (Kriti)
Lebanon (Mount Lebanon; North Lebanon)
Jordan (Irbid)
Egypt (Alexandria)
The structure of the 8 country-reports received is homogenous due to the availability of a common work
methodology during their elaboration. Despite the existence of the mentioned common work
methodology, certain regional analyses are more detailed than others. In this sense, the lack of some
relevant data for the global analysis has been identified in some reports. Therefore it has been
impossible to include that information in the present analysis.
For a start, a brief report has been drafted for each region, collecting the most relevant information
offered by each of the partner regions of the SHAAMS project.
Through the reading and examination of the different strategies developed in each region for the growth
of the sun power sector, the following aspects are conceived as key factors:
 Improvement of the implemented policies addressed to achieve the sustainable growth
of renewal energies and energy efficiency.
 Improvement of the raise of awareness tools used among citizens with regards to the
inherent opportunities of the sun power sector growth in each of the partner
regions.
 Improvement of the technical development that could be encouraged with R+D
proposals and their implementation in the partner regions.
 Existence of transfer tools to exchange best practices and business practices among
regions.
It seems recurrent in all partner regions to mention as a general weakness of the project the lack of
current available funding for the different business projects. As reference, and considering the common
strategy of partner regions, a comparison between data and settled objectives in the Mediterranean
Solar Plan was carried out. That comparison took into account the settled objectives in the following EU
Directives:
Directive 2010/31/UE ON THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS
Directive 2012/27/EU ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Page | 77
France (Provence Alpes – Cote D’Azur)
A Solar sector positioning in the region
Currently, 10% of energy consumption comes from renewable sources (hydro and wood). Negative
energy balance (only produces 10% of what it consumes).
Great potencial - 1300 hours average solar. Leader in photovoltaic solar deployment (366 Mw) and
second region with the largest solar thermal deployment in France (more of 320.000 m2)
Potential and Forecasts Implementation:
Medium Term (2020): 3600 Mw photovoltaic, 2.000.000 m2 of collectors to generate 1000 Gwh/year
Long Term (2030: 3700 Mw additional the expected in 2020en .3.000.000 m2 of additional collector
than expected in 2020
Policies for the development of solar sector
SRCAE. - Regional Scheme for Climate, Air and Energy – law nº 2010-788 (Grenelle 2) that defines
objectives by 2020, 2030 and 2050.
Final aim: 23 % of final consumption must be provided for renewable energies
Implementation in the collaboration with regional Government and Central Government. By regional
government through the initiative A.G.I.R for Energies, this program provides 70m € for the renewable
energy and efficiency promotion
Furthermore, the government subsidizes a 32 % of the solar thermal implementation cost and a 11%,
and up to a limit of 3200 € taxes included, for kwp installed
Barriers to implementation
Economic crisis, legal instability in the photovoltaic sector, complex administrative procedures
Policy Accelerator - Regional Needs
Stability of financial support system;
Increase the number of awareness raising campaign towards different stakeholders;
Development of the production of renewable energies to offset the imbalance between
energy production and consumption;
Support the emergence of innovative solutions to realize energy savings
The R&D for energy and the solar market in the PACA region
The French Environment and Energy Management Agency – ADEME is responsible for the guidance and
the facilitation of research in its areas of intervention (renewable energy, air, noise, energy efficiency,
soil, waste). It provides financial support for research, development, demonstration and
experimentation. High degree of knowledge and implementation of large companies that are committed
to R & D in the region grouped in clusters and encouraged by the Regional Government through PRIDES
program. The specific cluster is Capernegies RES, which since its founding has implemented 33 projects
in R & D in the region.
Enterprise and Research accelerator – Regional Needs
•
Improve access to finance especially for startups
•
Facilitate the cooperation with investor organizations such as Business Angels associations
and venture capitals;
•
Improve the visibility of regional support system and develop dedicated services toward the
solar sector’s actors.
The SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR in PACA Region
•
Increase the number awareness raising events/ actions involving citizens;
•
Facilitate debates and exchanges for citizens to influence decision making processes.
Lebanon
Solar sector positioning in the region
Currently, only the 4,5% of energy is produced by renewable sources. The electricity sector in Lebanon
is highly loss making with an energy deficit of 23% year. This situation generates a serious problem in
the state budgets, being a 17% in 2007 and growing up to 35% in 2011.
This is due to several reasons:
Energy Losses caused or technical reasons and lack of maintenance of the network
Problems of overload in the metropolitan area of Beirut
Potential and Forecasts Implementation:
Medium Term (2020): 12% of the total of 804 MW will be renewable energies. Through Cedar Program
(Country efficiency to renewable Energy Demonstration Project for the Recovery of Lebanon) project
with funding support of Spain and the UN. And through NEEREA program, where the government
Page | 78
provides loans at an interest rate of 0.6% and a repayment term of up to 14 years for the installation of
photovoltaic.
Policies for the development of solar sector
It defines the role of the Government (main actor of energy sector in Lebanon) as well as the rules and
principles organizing the sector as well as the basis of transferring it or its management, totally or
partially to the Private Sector. This seeks an increase of energy generation of 400 mw for 2014 and
5000 for 2015. In the field of solar energy, last 21/12/2010 Lebanese government approved a National
Energy Efficiency Action Plan NEEAP). This plan has identified the possibilities of renewable energies of
the country. Seven of the plan aims are focused on the development of photovoltaic and want to try to
pass for 100 MW to 200mw the power installed. This plan also seeks an increase the production of solar
water with a plan that want to installed 1.050.000 m2 of solar system through NEEREA program.
Barriers
-
to implementation:
Lack of enough information about renewable energies.
Lack of building legislation
Bureaucratic difficulties
Lack of funding
Policy Accelerator - Regional Needs
Need for specific legislation for solar energy
Need for awareness campaigns
Improved relationship with countries with more technical expertise and political
Financial Aid Plans
The R&D for energy and the solar market in the Lebanon region
Only policy guidelines encouraging R&D in the renewable energy field have been
recorded.
There is no national research body focused on renewable energies in general.
The Lebanese National Center for Scientific Research (LNCSR) solar energy department
has been closed for more than three years.
The Industrial Research Institute (IRI) is conducting Energy Saving Projects with the
Ministry of Industry and Ministry of Energy. The Industrial Research Institute (IRI)
received a test bench.
Major universities provide energy-related courses: courses in renewable energy,
demand side management, energy efficiency, and energy planning and policy.
The Lebanese University created a “Research Master in RES” for two years now
The SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR in Lebanon Region
•
Increase the number awareness raising events/ actions involving citizens;
•
Facilitate debates and exchanges for citizens to influence decision making processes.
Egypt Region
Solar sector positioning in the region
Currently only 2 % of the energy in Egypt is produced by solar technology by 8% from hydro and 12%
wind power. The increasing of the demand requires new policies that can use the huge solar potential in
the region.
Potential and Forecasts Implementation:
Medium Term (2020): 20% of this energy by 2020 from renewable sources.
Long Term (2027): In July 2012, adopted the Egyptian Solar Plan with a target of 3500 MW installed by
2027 including the authorities and the private initiative
Policies for the development of solar sector
The Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MoEE) is the principal policy agency in the electricity and energy
sector. The policies are:
Egypt´s energy strategy, approved in February 2008. Aims;
Contribution by renewable energies reaches 20% of the total electricity generation by
2020.
Specific targets have been established for solar and wind. In this respect the following
electricity generation targets are envisaged: 12% of total generation form wind farms
while the remaining will be from mainly hydro (8%) and solar energy (2%).
In July 2012, an Egyptian Solar Plan has been approved by the Cabinet which targeting
to install about 3500 MW by 2027 (2800 MW CSP + 700 MW PV) with private
investment share of 67% including enhancement of relevant local industry.
Page | 79
A master study plan for renewable energy in Egypt that is prepared and it covers till
2025 and concentrates in the first phase on wind and solar energy only. The second
phase covers the remaining RES resources (Biomass–Biofuels–Geothermal energy).
It is working also in the improvement of the transport and distribution infrastructures. Regarding the
economic incentives, it is expected short term implant but not quantified.
Barriers to implementation
•
For public market still the Capital cost is high compared by Cost Efficiency, therefore there
are limited markets for manufacturing.
•
Lack of funding for R&D solar system sustainability after the main found is over.
•
The solar energy research sector is only supported by the founding authorities in form of
research grant to encourage the development of solar energy systems
-
Policy Accelerator - Regional Needs
The solar atlas is prepared for the electricity and are made available, Eligibility for CDM financing. Third
Party Access code was prepared by the regulatory agency, subject to approval if its board of directors. It
is being proposed by the electric regulatory agency to exempt RE projects from wheeling charges. The
citizens are NREA main stakeholders, feed-in Tariffs are under preparation, no internal tax benefits are
provided to RE projects and Land for large-scale solar projects is allocated for private development.
While the Weaknesses are: In 2020, only solar energy contribution to the 20% RE is 11.6%. It means
about 2.32% of the total power generated.
The R&D for energy and the solar market in Egypt
In Egypt there are Many National Research Labs working with R&D for solar energy utilization sector.
There are many expertise and specialist on the field of R&D for solar energy systems. Also, R&D
Organization defined the technology needs to work under Egypt conditions. The common solar energy
equipment in Egypt market is the Solar Thermal Water Heaters. The total installed area in Egypt is about
750 thousand m2. There are about 20 Egyptian companies working in the field of manufacturing,
importing, distribution and installation of solar water heaters. Currently, there is a trend for cooperation
with the tourism sector to explore the possibility of spreading the use of Renewable Energy applications
in tourist cities, including increase the use of solar heaters in Hotels and Tourist Villages. Disseminating
Solar Water Heaters Project in Hotels located in Red Sea and South Sinai Governorates. The project is
implemented in co-operation between Egyptian Government, Italian Government and the United Nations
Environment Program (UNEP).
The SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR in Egypt Region
•
Increase the number awareness raising events/ actions involving citizens;
•
Removing subsidies to fossil fuels and minimize their economic differential with the energy
generated with renewable energy sources through economic incentives.
Italy (Campania region )
Solar sector positioning in the region
Italy, with its 676 GWh, ranks third among the EU-15 for the production of photovoltaic energy. It is a
country with a strong foreign energy dependence, (87% in late 2012).
The number of solar power plants has more than doubled in the last three years, driven by the growth of
solar PV.. In the Campania region only 2.4% of the energy comes from renewables. The solar industry is
for Campania the energy source to bet more in the coming years because the weather conditions,
geographical location and solar radiation are particularly favorable.
Potential and Forecasts Implementation:
Medium Term (2020): 20% of this energy by 2020 from renewable sources .Campania regions has
signed the plan for “20-20-20“in 2020
Policies for the development of solar sector
With regional law No. 1 of February 2013, the Campania Region expresses strong interest in issues of
environmental sustainability and solar energy in particular; in fact, the Region chooses its territory as a
fundamental source to meet its energy needs, as it does for all their other needs and activities, from
home to school, from mobility to work, from culture to health.
In fact the main objectives of the law include, among others:

achieving energy self-sufficiency for public buildings;

conversion of industries and decommissioning of power production from fossil
source currently operating;

promote a culture of rational use of energy conscious and mature through
adequate information and communication tools
Page | 80
1) The Province of Naples, taking also the Campania Region directives, has drafted a provincial energy
plan for achieving the "20-20-20”.
2) The City of Naples has joined the Covenant of Mayors and in this context has prepared the SEAP
(Sustainable Energy Action Plan):

installation of 42 solar power plants in many urban schools

significantly reduce the environmental impacts of products and services
purchased by the city of Naples and its subsidiary companies

rationalize and reduce the energy consumption of the Municipality and its
subsidiary companies

raise awareness among employees of the municipality and its subsidiary
companies because they become actors in achieving environmental benefits
3) The CAMPANIA REGION has promoted the creation of the Technological District SMART POWER
SYSTEM with the aim of gathering and networking companies, universities and research centers to
facilitate and accelerate the development and transfer of knowledge and technologies in the energy
sector
Barriers to implementation

need for adequate technical assistance that supports various types of financing given
the existence of different types of incentives, at national and European level, for both
PV and solar thermal

more effective communication about the benefits arising from the use of renewable
energy sources to fight the mistrust and lack of knowledge of the population

substantially reduce administrative and bureaucratic procedures for installing and/or
accessing funding for solar thermal and PV

improve and simplify access to incentives for renewable energies
Policy Accelerator - Regional Needs
Create networks with research centres or companies (due to the small size of local businesses) is
indicated by the data showing that about 70% of those polled (mainly business) claiming that the
recourse to experts or specialists on solar energy outside the organization is virtually non-existent, while
universities/research centres rely on the collaboration of experts or specialists to their organization.
In addition, almost all of the respondents said they had no connection or not to cooperate with public
institutions or government agencies in the field of solar energy, altough, however, the widespread
awareness and knowledge of the existence of national and European institutions that support the theme.
The national support scheme and the contribution are the two types of funding more widespread for
solar power installations that organizations use.
In order to promote renewable sources respondents ask to policy makers promote the market and the
organization of seminars / courses that allow their employees to specialize on issues covered by their
business.
The R&D for energy and the solar market in Campania Region
The involvement of universities and research centres in the SEAP (Sustainable Energy Action Plans)
developed by the Municipality of Naples, and in the Technology District SMART POWER SYSTEM launched
by Campania Region, has a strategic importance for economic, scientific and entrepreneurial
development of actors working, at the regional level.
Furthermore, they have joined the technology district SMART POWER SYSTEM important industrial
reality as Ansaldo Energy, Enel, Enel Green Power, Hagitron, in addition to universities and research
centres of the 5 Campania provinces (CNR, ENEA).
The SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR in Campania Region
Need for adequate lobbying by stakeholders to focus the right resources for the
development of the solar industry;
Increase pressure on decision makers to a greater awareness of the risks resulting
from climate change in order to establish the best energy solutions for the Country;
Include environmental education between obligatory school subjects to raise
awareness about the benefits and advantages of using renewable sources.
Greece (Kriti)
Solar sector positioning in the region
Currently the solar sector is mostly thermal and small size photovoltaic and according to recent data,
RES contributed in Crete in 14% of total electricity consumption.
The power of the installed wind farms and PV systems in Crete does not exceed 250-300 Mw and there
are limitations to increase the installed power capacity in the island. In contrast, there is a high
Page | 81
awareness of the benefits of growth in the solar industry on the island, especially by having almost 2000
kWh/m2 year
In the future, it is foreseen that either pump storage power systems will be constructed in Crete, or an
underwater electrical cable will connect Crete with continental Greece.
Policies for the development of solar sector
The Region of Crete does not have any Regional plan for reaching the objectives of
MSP-2020, but Crete must assimilate 2020 National Renewable Energy Action Plan that
is used as the basis to cover 20% of its energy consumption with renewable by 2020,
exceeding the target set by the EU (18%) by 2%. Regarding electricity, it is estimated
that in 2020, the consumption in Greece will be 27.270 GWh and 39.8% of it will be
generated from renewable sources.
-
Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP)
Barriers to implementation

The main barrier is the economic crisis,

high bureaucracy

Widespread use and very competitive price of fossil fuels in Greece
Policy Accelerator - Regional Needs
To continue with economic incentives given to solar sector , co funding with EU
Reduction of the bureaucracy
To Encourage the policies to support renewable energies versus fossil fuels
To improve network infrastructures that allow the interconnection from Crete to the
continent
The R&D for energy and the solar market in the CRETE region
Not detected lack of expertise since the technology is already being implemented
The main existing difficulties are the complexity of the legislation and lack of capital, but despite these
difficulties they are willing to invest further in the solar energy sector. According to this stakeholder
category, the most important threat of the market is financial uncertainty in a national level, which
discourages all types of investments, including investments in RES.
Enterprise and Research accelerator – Regional Needs
•
Increase financing of solar energy R+D projects from EU or National funds.
•
Establish a permanent cooperation among academic researchers and SMEs.
•
Promote clustering of solar energy enterprises.
•
Support the creation of new enterprises in the solar energy sector, and the expansion of
solar energy SMEs abroad.
The SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR in CRETE Region
•
Involvement of civil society in environmental issues
•
The high solar potential of Crete makes it the ideal place for this kind of industry, in both
photovoltaic and thermal in all establishments :residential, industrial
•
The growth in electricity generation should be preceded by investment in domestic
distribution network, and the interconnection from Crete to the continent
Jordan (Irbid)
Solar sector positioning in the region
With more than 2100 kw/m2 year the solar sector has a very high potential in Irbid
To date the use of solar thermal technology was decreasing becoming the source of hot
water in 14% of households in 2006 to 12% in 2009, The photovoltaic solar installed
were rather isolated or small power (On the current electricity mix, less than 1% of the
energy used comes from renewable sources.)
Currently there are two projects of global significance, with associated millions of
investment, that will provide 100mw from photovoltaic power and 100mw from
thermal energy
Jordan inaugurated its first solar-powered charging station for electric cars.
Other especially project.- Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority,
Policies for the development of solar sector
The Jordanian energy sector is under auspices if the Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources (MEMR),
The role of the MEMR is to define policies, to fix tariffs and to regulate all activities with
an impact on energy,
Page | 82
-
New Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Law were approved in 2010.
The law also sets incentives to promote renewable energy utilization in Jordan.
Barriers to implementation
High dependence of fossil fuels, subsidize by the Jordanian Government until 2008
Foreign technological dependence and lack of business network that supports the internal growth of the
renewable source. Lack of firm commitment in supporting policies solar sector, compared with regions
outside the EU.
Policy Accelerator - Regional Needs
Taking in account the great potential of the resource in the region, are demanding more ambitious
strategies for implementation (Jordan energy strategy wants to get a 7% of renewable sources in 2007
and 10% in 2010)
The R&D for energy and the solar market in the IRBID region
The sector is very incipient and apparently there are too much work to be done for this reason is viewed
as key, from the MEMR articulates the legislation in efficiency energy and use of renewable, as well as
the support mechanisms to ensure the achievement of the aims, both in economic and social awareness.
Enterprise and Research accelerator – Regional Needs
Create a clear binding mechanism to apply programs and procedures of energy use
rationalization.
Prepare broad awareness campaigns on the energy consumption rationalization
targeting all sectors as of outset.
Establish audience service offices on purpose to reach all citizens classes and introduce
them to the energy consumption rationalization and improve its efficiency.
Exempt equipment – energy savers from the sales tax and customs duties and set
suitable mechanisms to facilitate access to them like solar energy heaters, energy saving lumps
on purpose to encourage citizens to rationalize and conserve energy consumption.
Carry put procedures related to the energy consumption rationalization.
Set operative mechanism to apply the National Building Codes related to the thermal
insulation.
Create a national award in the energy consumption rationalization domain and improve
efficiency to encourage and simulate rationalization of energy consumption in Jordan.
The SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR in IRBID Region
•
The huge solar potential of Irbid, makes it an ideal place for this industry , both in
electricity generation and particularly in thermal generation in all establishments
residential, industrial
SPAIN (CATALONIA)
Positioning the solar sector in the Region
Spain is the highest solar energy potential country in Europe.
In Catalonia, the electricity consumed and not self-produced, come from peninsular grid.
Therefore, the date used to calculation of the mix electric, are those which correspond to the
grid peninsular. Within the Spanish electricity mix in 2012, renewal energies meant 30,3% of
electricity production (wind power 16,54%; hydroelectric 8,18%; solar photovoltaic 2,82%;
biomass, biogas, renewable USW and other 1,58%; and solar thermoelectric 1,18%) and have
become the first source of production in the mix.
Politics for the Solar Sector Development:
Catalan Energy Plan (2006-2015).
Main goal: to control and limit the increase on energy consumption by the end of 2030
Catalan Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2013-2020
General objective: 25,3% reduction in emissions compared to 2005 levels, a part form renewal
energies generation 20,1% and 20,2% efficiency increase in 2020.
The Energy and Climate Change Plan 2012-2020 (in Catalonia PECAC 2012-2020)
Program of Saving and Energy Efficiency in buildings and facilities of the Government
of Catalonia (GENERCAT) 2011-2014
It expects to achieve an 11% reduction in energy consumption by 2015 and reduce the energy
bill by 4.4%.
Catalonia 2020 Strategy (ECAT 2020). The objective is to stimulate the economy in the
general region.
The Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Catalonia (2010-2026)
Barriers to the implementation:
Page | 83
The administrative dispersion, the lack of technical staff, the uncertainty in expected returns, the
economic crisis, the photovoltaic legislation instability, and the complex administrative procedures. The
need for the elimination of Tariff Deficit Electrical Sector is negatively affecting the photovoltaic sector.
Policy Accelerator - Regional Needs
Stability of national legislative, to support the implementation of renewable sources
despite tariff deficit.
Consolidation of professionals and business sector to push the sector and ensure
international position.
Promotion and awareness among the population through agency network or local
energy centers, or innovative projects, such as organizing of tender "zero energy balance
building”.
The R&D for energy and the solar market in the CATALONIA region
The increase of renewable energy has been a key aspect of learning and discussion in universities in
Catalonia. The sector legislative turn has forced an intensive installations redefinition, and I+D.
Currently energy efficiency and profitability must to be looked also the cost parity for self-produced with
the distribution network.
Enterprise and Research accelerator – Regional Needs
•
Improve access to finance especially for startups
•
Facilitate the cooperation with investor organizations such as Business Angels associations
and venture capitals;
•
Improve the visibility of regional support system and develop dedicated services toward the
solar sector’s actors.
The SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR in CATALONIA Region
•
Involvement of civil society in environmental issues (PECAC 2020 process) (Administration
leadership)
•
Strong and diverse photovoltaic industry with highly competitive products, so, the
implementation of solar energy solutions in domestic buildings and premises might be seen
as an important potential for the sector
•
Social networks, e-commerce
Lazio ( Italy )
Solar sector positioning in the region
Thanks to its good solar radiation (more of 1.700 hours per year) and the incentives to the sector over
the last six years, the Region of Lazio experienced a boom of solar energy, especially photovoltaic. The
renewable energy production reaches 6,9 % in the region
In the Region of Lazio: there are 360 municipalities (over 95% of the total) with at least one plant from
renewable sources, and 48 municipalities produce more energy from RES than required for the resident
families.
Potential and Forecasts Implementation:
The region of lazio is a signatory of the objectives of 20-20-20. These include the reduction of green
house by 21% compared to 2005 Region of Lazio allocated 75 million of EURO to small and medium
enterprises and local administrations for energy saving and production of energy from renewable
sources. Now the sector tends to stability with uncertainty for the future when the incentives to the solar
sector will come to an end (2014).
Policies for the development of solar sector
1.
The “Fifth Energy Bill” whose implementation regulations have been produced,
encourages the production of electricity from PV plants connected to the grid; the new phase
introduces specific incentives for energy audits and energy certification. The “Fifth Energy Bill”
foresees two tariffs types: i) feed-in tariff applied to the energy fed into the grid; ii) premium
tariff for the energy consumed on site and not fed into the grid. The incentives provided are
intended to financially support the investment in PV
2.
The “Thermal Account” - the publication of the Ministerial Decree 28.12.12 (the socalled "Thermal Account") gave effect to the legislative decree of March 2011 that encouraged
small-scale interventions for increasing energy efficiency and the production of thermal energy
from renewable sources.
3.
The “Energy Regional Plan and Action Plan” – done in collaboration with ENEA, it does
not dive into specific issue but contains a number of proposals to be evaluated, and shaped, in
conjunction with all the interested parties
Page | 84
4.
Specific Regional Regulations (e.g. energy certification): The Region of Lazio adopted a
Regional Regulation (Nr. 125 on 23 March 2012) on for the accreditation of the persons
authorized to issue certification of energy efficiency and “green” buildings.
Barriers to implementation

although PV accounts for 5% (up to 10% during in peak hours) of the whole energy
production, its diffusion rate is slow due to the high costs;

widespread doubts on the capability of PV to secure supply under extreme conditions;

compared to other countries (e.g. online registrations, less rigid and bureaucratic
procedures, shorter time to obtain authorization for PV installation);

the regulatory framework and the administrative procedures are complex and slow (the
time to develop a PV related projects may arrive up to 82 weeks while bureaucracy procedures
may absorb up to 69% of project costs);

low investments in R&D and weak collaboration among the few small excellences centers,
which in turn make very difficult to meet the needs of the industry in the short term
Policy Accelerator - Regional Needs

Draft a new Law on the sustainable development of the energy sector, with particular
reference to the production of electricity

Establish tools for public consultation.

Optimize the work of distribution actors by the release of “Energy Efficiency Certificates”
and produce new guidelines for municipal building, with the introduction of rules and incentives
for energy efficiency and the use of solar (thermal and PV) for new construction and
renovations

Build synergies among universities/research centers to promote technological progress and
effective transfer of results to the business sector

Promote the formation and development of ESCO (Energy Service Companies).
The R&D for energy and the solar market in Lazio Region
“Programma strategico regionale per la ricerca, l’innovazione ed il trasferimento
tecnológico” de la región de Lazio. periodo 2011-2013”).
ENEA, the main public organization operating in the fields of energy, environment and
new technologies, over there, ENEA carries out R&D on PV, smart grid, eco-buildings design,
concentrated solar thermal and energy storage. In the PV sector, ENEA develops materials,
components and innovative technologies.
As to the R&D in the region“CHOSE” (Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy)
coordinated by the University of Roma Tor Vergata
The SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR in Lazio Region
Public awareness on the solar sector in Lazio: Eg;
SEIZE YOUR POWER:
(http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/aboutcc/seize_your_power/);
EARTH HOUR (http://www.earthhour.org/)
Page | 85
Barcelona Chamber of
Commerce
The
Chamber
is
a
representative institution,
independent,
democratic
and efficient, ensuring the
promotion of economic
and business activity and
sustainable
development
of the territory.
www.cambrabcn.org
FUNDITEC
FUNDITEC is a non-forprofit-foundation
that
works
as
a
leader,
coordinator, advisor and
an
expert
source
of
information for projects
involving
Technology,
Innovation and Science.
www.funditec.org
WWF
WWF is one of the world’s
largest
and
most
experienced independent
conservation
organizations, with over 5
million supporters and a
global network active in
more than 100 countries.
WWF’s mission is to stop
the degradation of the
planet’s
natural
environment and to build a
future in which humans
live in harmony with
nature, by conserving the
world’s biological diversity.
www.panda.org
AGEAS
Ageas was projected by
the Provincial and a group
of local integration in
large-scale action of the
European Community in
the field of energy and
environment in order to
create
cultural
assumptions and develop
technologies and sectors
of employment at regional
level.
www.ageassalerno.com
Sophia
Antipolis
Foundation
The Fondation Sophia
Antipolis
fulfills
a
fundamental task on the
Sophia Antipolis site: the
scientific
and
cultural
organisation of the park.
Its
objective
is
to
facilitate exchange and
long-term reflections in
the areas of science,
industry and culture at a
French, European and
international level.
www.sophia-antipolis.org
Al Urdonia Lil Ebda’ Co.
Business Incubators Irbid
& Al Karak works to help
in economic development
and
spreading
entrepreneurship
and
innovation spirit among
youth.
www.bic.jo
Chamber of Commerce,
Industry and Agriculture
of Beirut and Mount
Lebanon
The Chamber of Commerce
Industry and Agriculture of
Beirut and Mount Lebanon
(CCIA-BML) is a non-profit
private organization working
for the public benefit. The
CCIA-BML was established
in 1898 and is the largest of
the
four
Lebanese
Chambers.
www.ccib.org.lb
E-JUST
E-JUST is the product of a
long
standing
partnership
between Egypt and Japan and
should not only be viewed in
the narrow context of just
being
a
research
and
educational
facility.
Its
ambitious role is to educate
and
foster
industry
partnerships.
www.ejust.edu.eg
ANEA
ANEA, Naples Agency for Energy
and
Environment,
is
an
independent,
not-for-profit
organization that promotes the
rational use of energy, the
diffusion of renewable energy,
sustainable
mobility
and
environmental protection.
www.anea.eu
Technological
Educational Institute of
Crete
The TEI was founded in
1983 in order to provide
Higher Technical Education
to the students of Greece.
TEI offers up to date
training
in
technological
subjects
and
prepares
students to develop into
skilled,
responsible
and
qualified
members
of
society.
www.teicrete.gr
Berytech
Founded in 2001 and being
the first in the region to
receive EU accreditation as a
Business Innovation Center,
Berytech offers the right and
adapted environment for the
creation and development of
innovative startups and SMEs,
supporting and
stimulating
entrepreneurship,
through
incubation, business support,
hosting
in
high-tech
infrastructure
and funding
solutions.
www.berytech.org
Business
Incubation
Association in Tripoli
BIAT,
a
not-for-profit
organization, was established in
2006 with the assistance and
back up of the Integrated SME
support program, an EU funded
project at the Ministry of
Economy and Trade of Lebanon.
BIAT was listed in 2011 as a
good practice example in the
EuroMED
database
for
the
“Quality
business
support
schemes
and
services”
dimension.
www.biatcenter.org
MEDITERRANEO
(Joan Manuel Serrat)
Quizá porque mi niñez
sigue jugando en tu playa
y escondido tras las cañas
duerme mi primer amor,
llevo tu luz y tu olor
por donde quiera que vaya,
y amontonado en tu arena
tengo amor, juegos y penas.
Yo, que en la piel tengo el sabor
amargo del llanto eterno
que han vertido en ti cien pueblos
de Algeciras a Estambul
para que pintes de azul
sus largas noches de invierno.
Perhaps because my childhood
continues playing on your beach,
and hidden behind the canes
my first love sleeps,
I wear your light and your smell
wherever I go,
and piled on your sand
I keep love, plays and sorrows.
I, that in my skin have
the bitter flavour of the eternal crying,
which a hundred peoples have shed into you
from Algeciras to Istanbul,
so that you can paint in blue
their long nights of Winter.
A fuerza de desventuras,
tu alma es profunda y oscura.
Beacause of misadventures,
your soul is deep and dark.
A tus atardeceres rojos
se acostumbraron mis ojos
como el recodo al camino...
your red dusks
My eyes got used to
like the bend to the truck...
Soy cantor, soy embustero,
me gusta el juego y el vino,
tengo alma de marinero...
I am a singer,I am a liar,
I like gambling and wine,
I have the soul of a sailor...
Qué le voy a hacer, si yo
nací en el Mediterráneo.
What can I do?
I was born in the Mediterranean.
Y te acercas, y te vas
después de besar mi aldea.
Jugando con la marea
te vas, pensando en volver.
Eres como una mujer
perfumadita de brea
que se añora y se quiere
que se conoce y se teme.
Ay, si un día para mi mal
viene a buscarme la parca.
Empujad al mar mi barca
con un levante otoñal
y dejad que el temporal
desguace sus alas blancas.
Y a mí enterradme sin duelo
entre la playa y el cielo...
En la ladera de un monte,
más alto que el horizonte.
Quiero tener buena vista.
Mi cuerpo será camino,
le daré verde a los pinos
y amarillo a la genista...
Cerca del mar. Porque yo
nací en el Mediterráneo.
Nací en el Mediterráneo.
Nací en el Mediterráneo
And you approach,and you leave
after kissing my small village.
Playing with the tide
you go away,thinking of returning.
You are like a woman
scented with tar
who is missed and loved,
who is known and feared.
Oh...! If the fate comes
in search of me an unhappy day.
Push my boat to the sea
with an autumnal east wind
and allow the storm
can strip its white wings.
And bury me without mourning
between the beach and the sky...
In the hillside of a mountain,
higher than the horizon.
I want to have a good view.
My body will be way,
I will give green to the pines
and yellow to the broom...
Near the sea. Because
I was born in the Mediterranean.
I was born in the Mediterranean.
I was born in the Mediterranean.