LAW I  CHAPTER 4
CRIMINAL LAW
INTRODUCTION
CRIME: __________________________________________________________________________________________

Criminal law is designed to protect the _______________, not the particular _______________ of a
crime.

Therefore, criminal _______________ are filed in the name of the _______________ (or the
state/government), not the _______________ name.

Statutory law in _______________ states that the age of criminal _______________ is _______________.

This figure ranges from _______________ in other states.

The minimum age for a _______________ to be tried as an _______________ in the state of Michigan
is _______________.
PROSECUTOR:
_____________________________________________________________________________________

In criminal law, the _______________ or _______________ government represents the _______________
at large.

Therefore, the _______________ is the chief complaining _______________, but generally the
authority to settle a case is exclusively with the _______________.
DEFENDANT:
______________________________________________________________________________________
CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMES
FELONIES
FELONY:
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
CAPITAL
PUNISHMENT
(DEATH
PENALTY):
_______________________________________________________________

Michigan _______________
have the death penalty and was actually the first state to
_______________ it in 1847.

Currently, _______________ (including Michigan) and the District of Columbia ban capital
punishment.

Examples
of
felonies
include:
____________________________________________________________________
MISDEMEANORS
MISDEMEANOR:
___________________________________________________________________________________

Examples:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
PETTY OFFENSES

Some states also classify lesser crimes as _______________ offenses, also known as _______________,
into a sub-group of _______________.
PETTY
OFFENSE:
____________________________________________________________________________________

Examples:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
WOBBLERS

Many criminal offenses, however, fall into the _______________ known as “_______________.”
WOBBLER: ________________________________________________________________________________________
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
Whether a wobbler will be considered a _______________ or _______________ in a particular case
depends upon the prosecutor’s _______________ decision and the actual _______________
imposed by the trial court.

Examples:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
ELEMENTS OF A CRIME

Most crimes (with exception to strict liability crimes) are defined by two elements:
1. Criminal _______________
2. Criminal _______________
CRIMINAL ACT (PHYSICAL ELEMENT)
CRIMINAL ACT:
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
CRIMINAL INTENT (MENTAL ELEMENT)
CRIMINAL
INTENT:
__________________________________________________________________________________
MURDER v. INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER

Murder: Intentional taking of one’s life; _______________ exists.

Involuntary
Manslaughter:
Accidental
taking
of
one’s
life
through
negligence;
intent
_______________ exist.

In both cases the criminal _______________ is the same (the taking of one’s life).

The _______________ between the two is the criminal _______________.

Some crimes (mostly minor) however do not require the _______________
of criminal
_______________; for example, a _______________ offense.
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MOTIVE
MOTIVE:
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Motive technically plays no part in _______________ criminal _______________.

Uncovering a motive may establish a list of _______________.

However, the _______________ of a motive does not _______________ criminal liability.

If a person has committed a _______________ (crime) with the required state of _______________,
they are criminally _______________ (regardless if the _______________ has been uncovered).
CRIMINAL STATUTES
PRELIMINARY CRIMES

The crimes of _______________, _______________, and _______________ are known as preliminary
crimes, since they occur _______________ the intended crime.

Preliminary crimes are _______________ because they go far beyond merely _______________
about committing an illegal act.
SOLICITATION:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

The offense is _______________ at the time the _______________ is made.

It _______________ require that the solicited person actually _______________ the crime.
CONSPIRACY:
_____________________________________________________________________________________

But in order for conspiracy to be _______________, more is required than a mere _______________.

One of the conspirators must do an _______________ that _______________ the conspiracy.

Conspiracy is a crime _______________ from the crime the parties _______________ to commit.
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
The _______________ crime does not actually have to be _______________.

The designation of conspiracy as a crime allows police to _______________ conspirators before
they come dangerously close to _______________ the crime.
ATTEMPT: _________________________________________________________________________________________

This occurs when the criminal enters the “zone of _______________”—the _______________ where
the _______________ is close enough to the _______________ that the crime could actually be
_______________.
VIOLENT CRIMES
HOMICIDE:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
JUSTIFIABLE
HOMICIDE:
_____________________________________________________________________________
EXCUSABLE
HOMICIDE:
_____________________________________________________________________________
MURDER:
_________________________________________________________________________________________
MALICE:
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Most states break murder down into two _______________: 1st and 2nd.

_______________
is a common _______________
in both 1st and 2nd degree murder, but
_______________ only occurs in 1st; that is the main _______________ between the two.
PREMEDITATION:
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
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
The time needed for deliberate _______________ may vary from weeks, days, hours, minutes, or
even seconds but there must be _______________ _______________ that a plan to murder was
formed.

In most states, 1st degree murder usually carries the _______________ _______________, 2nd degree
murder does not.
1st DEGREE MURDER involves at least one of the following circumstances:
1. Deliberately killing someone with _______________ and _______________.
2. Killings committed in the course of certain _______________ (The _______________ _______________
Rule)—usually arson, burglary, robbery, and rape.
2nd DEGREE MURDER involves at least one of the following circumstances:
1. A murder in which the suspect _______________ to kill the victim, but the killing was not
_______________ —a _______________ or “spur-of-the-moment” killing.
2. A murder in which the suspect intended to seriously _______________ —but not kill—the victim.
3. A killing committed in the course of a _______________, other than those listed under
_______________ murder.
MANSLAUGHTER:
___________________________________________________________________________________
VOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER: A killing that requires _______________ to cause _______________ or
serious _______________, but the potential liability for murder is _______________ by circumstances that
the accused was _______________ to a level that would drive an _______________ person to kill.

These _______________
circumstances _______________
reducing a murder charge to the
_______________ offense of manslaughter.

Therefore, the only real _______________ between 2nd degree murder and voluntary manslaughter
is _______________ and _______________.
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INVOLUNTARY
MANSLAUGHTER:
______________________________________________________________________

The death results from the suspect’s criminal _______________, rather than any _______________ to
kill the victim.
NEGLIGENT
HOMICIDE:
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

In _______________, negligent homicide is a high _______________
punishable by up to
_______________ in prison and/or a fine up to _______________.
BATTERY:
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Battery requires criminal _______________ or at least _______________ behavior.

Actual _______________ is not necessary for a battery to occur.

Other examples of battery include giving _______________ or _______________ to an unsuspecting
victim, _______________ in someone’s face, and siccing a _______________ on someone.
ASSAULT:
__________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________ assault and battery are _______________ offenses, whereas _______________
assault and battery are _______________ offenses.

To qualify as an _______________ offense, the assault or battery would have to be:
1. Committed with a _______________ weapon, or
2. With the intent to commit _______________, _______________, or _______________.

Today, there is often not much _______________ between the uses of the words assault and
battery.
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STALKING:
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
KIDNAPPING:
______________________________________________________________________________________

Kidnapping usually includes unlawful imprisonment for _______________
of _______________,
_______________, _______________, _______________, or to commit a felony.
FALSE
IMPRISONMENT:
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

The _______________ can be _______________ or it can be _______________.
MAYHEM:
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Mayhem includes acts that cause someone to lose a _______________, _______________,
_______________, or any other part of the body.

Mayhem also includes acts that result in significant _______________.
SEX CRIMES
RAPE:
____________________________________________________________________________________________

There is no _______________ if the victim is _______________ or mentally _______________.

The rapist does not necessarily have to use _______________ force; _______________ of harm are
sufficient.
STATUTORY
RAPE:
___________________________________________________________________________________
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
Statutory rape differs from rape in a very important way: _______________ is not an _______________
of the crime.

According to the law, a _______________ is _______________ of consenting to sexual intercourse.

The definition of age varies from state to state; the age of majority in _______________ is 16.

_______________ can be _______________ for statutory rape even if the _______________ lied about
their age.

Conversely, _______________ can also be _______________ for having sex with other minors.

The _______________ and _______________ of both rape and statutory rape can be of either sex;
therefore, _______________ as well as _______________ can be prosecuted.

Generally speaking, the _______________ the victim, the more _______________ the offense and
more severe the _______________.

In _______________, all rape laws fall within a category entitled Criminal Sexual Conduct (C.S.C.).
PROSTITUTION:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
PANDERING:
______________________________________________________________________________________
PROPERTY CRIMES

When a crime involves property, the _______________ of the property can determine whether the
crime is misdemeanor or a felony—over _______________ is generally a felony in Michigan.
LARCENY:
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Larceny offenses are classified as _______________ or _______________, depending on the
_______________ of the property taken.

Petty larceny is a _______________ whereas grand larceny is a _______________.
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
The crime of larceny includes _______________ lost property when a _______________ method exists
for finding the _______________.

It is also considered larceny to _______________ property _______________ by mistake.

_______________ fraud, _______________, _______________, _______________, and _______________ are
all forms of larceny.
RETAIL
FRAUD
(SHOPLIFTING):
________________________________________________________________________
BURGLARY:
________________________________________________________________________________________

It is also burglary to enter a structure to commit a _______________, _______________,
_______________, or any other felony.

The crime of burglary is _______________ when the felon _______________ the structure, regardless
of whether the intended felony is _______________.

Michigan
statutes
classify
burglary
into
three
major
categories:
______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
ENTRY
WITHOUT
BREAKING:
__________________________________________________________________________
BREAKING
AND
ENTERING:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
HOME
INVASION:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
EMBEZZLEMENT:
___________________________________________________________________________________
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ROBBERY:
________________________________________________________________________________________

Though included here as a _______________ crime, robbery, unlike other _______________ offenses,
also involves actual or potential _______________ harm to the victim.

The _______________ for robbery is _______________ than any other form of larceny.
CARJACKING:
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

All fifty _______________ and the _______________ government have carjacking laws.

The _______________ government passed an _______________ carjacking law in 1992.

_______________ that results from a carjacking is a considered a _______________ crime under
_______________ law.

_______________ and _______________ theft are similar yet less severe automobile crimes.
RECEIVING
STOLEN
PROPERTY:
_______________________________________________________________________

The property may be intended to be _______________ for personal use, _______________ to
someone else, or temporarily _______________ for the person who stole it.

_______________ that the property is stolen may be _______________ by circumstances; for
example, buying goods out of the trunk of a vehicle for an unreasonably low _______________.

Furthermore, a _______________ or _______________ must make a reasonable _______________ of
the seller’s right to the goods; if the purchased goods have an altered or obliterated
_______________ number, it is assumed they were _______________ to be stolen.
VANDALISM
(MALICIOUS
MISCHIEF):
___________________________________________________________________
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ARSON:
__________________________________________________________________________________________

In most states, it is a crime to burn any building or structure, even if the person who burns the
structure _______________ it.
WHITE-COLLAR CRIMES

White-collar crimes usually involve some sort of _______________ or _______________ and are
_______________.
FRAUD
(LARCENY
BY
FALSE
PRETENSES):
________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

The false statements that are made must be intended to _______________, or _______________, the
victim.

The statements of the con artists must also _______________ the victim to _______________ on them.
FORGERY:
________________________________________________________________________________________

This usually means signing the name of another person to a _______________ or some other
_______________ without _______________.

It can also mean _______________ or _______________ part of a previously signed document.

Most importantly, the forged item must have some _______________ effect.
UTTERING
AND
PUBLISHING:
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

In most states, this is a crime _______________ of _______________.
BRIBERY:
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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
It is a crime at any level of government, whether _______________, _______________, or
_______________.
EXTORTION
(BLACKMAIL):
____________________________________________________________________________

Extortion statutes generally cover threats to do future _______________
harm, destroy
_______________, or injure someone’s _______________ or _______________.

Extortion differs from _______________ in that it involves a threat of _______________ harm, while
robbery entails a threat of _______________ force.
PERJURY: _________________________________________________________________________________________
SUBSTANCE ABUSE CRIMES

Under Michigan law, it is illegal to drive while intoxicated or impaired by _______________, illegal
_______________, and certain prescribed _______________.

Michigan’s drunk driving laws require a mandatory six month driver license _______________ even
for a first _______________; a driver may be _______________ for a _______________ license after
serving 30 days of the suspension.

Three lifetime _______________ of drunk driving result in a _______________; convictions for drunk
driving that cause _______________ or a serious _______________ to another are also felonies.

The average _______________ of a drunk driving conviction is estimated to be _______________ due
to _______________ fees, _______________, and intervention program and license reinstatement
expenses.
PRELIMINARY BREATH TEST

When stopped by a law enforcement officer for suspicion of driving while _______________, they
may ask drivers to take _______________ tests including a _______________ _______________ Test
(PBT) at the roadside to determine whether they are under the influence of alcohol.
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
If a driver _______________ to take the PBT, they will be charged with a civil _______________ and
fined up to $150 plus court costs.

Persons under _______________ who refuse to take the PBT will receive two points on their driver
record.

Even if the driver takes the PBT, they may still be required to take the _______________
_______________ test (_______________,_______________, or _______________ test).
MICHIGAN'S IMPLIED CONSENT LAW

If arrested, drivers will be required to take a chemical test to determine their bodily alcohol
content (BAC).

Under Michigan's _______________ _______________ Law, all drivers are considered to have given
their consent to this test.

If drivers refuse a test, _______________ will be added to their driver record and their license will be
automatically _______________ for one year.

This is a _______________ consequence from any subsequent _______________ resulting from the
traffic stop.
DRIVING OFFENSES
OPERATING
WHILE
VISIBLY
IMPAIRED
(OWVI):
____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

There is no longer a _______________
threshold used to prove OWVI under the new
_______________.
PENALTIES: Misdemeanor with a fine up to $300, up to 93 days in jail, up to 360 hours of community
service, driver license restriction for 90 days (180 days if impaired by controlled substance), possible
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vehicle immobilization, $500 Driver Responsibility Fee for two consecutive years, and four points on
driver record.
OPERATING
WHILE
INTOXICATED
(OWI):
________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

It can also mean that the driver’s BAC was at or _______________ as shown by a chemical test.
PENALTIES: Misdemeanor with a fine between $100 and $500, up to 93 days in jail, up to 360 hours of
community service, driver license suspension for 30 days (followed by restrictions for 150 days),
possible vehicle immobilization, possible ignition interlock, $1,000 Driver Responsibility Fee for two
consecutive years, and six points on driver record.
OPERATING
WITH
THE
PRESENCE
OF
DRUGS
(OWPD):
____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Under this law, _______________ do not have to prove the driver was _______________, just that they
were driving with those drugs in their system; this can be determined by a _______________ test.

Michigan law requires driver license _______________ for drug _______________, even if the
defendant was not _______________ at the time of the offense.

The OWPD law is controversial because drug _______________ is usually gone in _______________
while it is possible to find traces of controlled substances in a person’s body up to _______________.
PENALTIES: Misdemeanor with a fine up to $500, up to 93 days in jail, up to 360 hours of community
service, driver license suspension for up to six months (no restricted license eligibility for the first 30
days), possible vehicle immobilization, possible ignition interlock, $500 Driver Responsibility Fee for two
consecutive years, and six points on driver record.
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UNDERAGE OFFENSES

Any involvement with _______________ or _______________ by teens can result in the loss of their
_______________.

Simply _______________ any alcoholic beverage or drug, whether in a motor _______________ or
not, can result in a license _______________ for a teen.

Another _______________ suspension occurs any time someone is _______________ of a drug
violation, even if they were not _______________ at the time.

A first time drug conviction results in a driver license _______________ for six months, with no
opportunity for a _______________ license for 30 days.
MICHIGAN
ZERO
TOLERANCE:
_______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
PENALTIES: (First Offense) Misdemeanor with a fine up to $250, up to 360 hours of community service,
driver license is restricted for 30 days, $500 Driver Responsibility Fee for 2 consecutive years, and four
points on driver record.
MINOR
IN
POSSESSION
(MIP):
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Minors may transport alcohol in a vehicle only when accompanied by an adult age 21 or older.
PENALTIES: (First offense) $100 fine and no action is taken against driver license. (Second offense)
$200 fine, driver license is suspended for 30 days and restricted for 60 days. (Third offense) $500 fine,
driver license is suspended for 60 days and restricted for 305 days.

All offenses are misdemeanors and may include community services hours and substance abuse
prevention, rehabilitation, and/or screening assessment at own expense.
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FRAUDULENT
IDENTIFICATION:
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
PENALTIES: Misdemeanor with a fine up to $100, up to 93 days in jail, driver license is suspended for 90
days, and alcohol screening may be required.
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