Chapter Test Review
1. What is the major difference between a plant,animal and bacterial
cells? Plant cells have a nucleus, cell wall and chloroplasts. Animal cells have a nucleus
and semi permeable membrane. Bacteria cells have a cell wall and no nucleus, only a single
strand of DNA
2. What is the difference between a producer, consumer and a
decomposer? How would you classify plants, animals, bacteria and
fungi? Producers can make there own food through photosynthesis. Consumers eat their
food. Decomposers chemically breakdown molecules into usable size molecules. Plants are
producers Animals are consumers . Bacteria and fungi are decomposers
3. What is diffusion, osmosis and active transport? Why are they
important to all cells? Discuss the effects of placing a red blood cell
in fresh and salt water. The movement of molecules from areas of high concentration
to low concentration is diffusion, like perfume moving through the room or molecules
moving through cell membranes. Diffusion occurs naturally and does not require energy.
Osmosis is the movement of water through a cell membrane. Active transport is the
movement opposite to diffusion and requires the cell to use energy
4. Why does salt and sugar help prevent bacterial growth? What is the
effect of placing salt on a slug or leech ? If bacteria are placed in this
environment, the bacteria cell will loose water and not be able to reproduce. Leeches and
slugs cells will loose water and die
5. What would an organism which contained chlorophyll tell you about
the organism? Chlorophyll indicates that the organism can make its own food and is
therefore classified as a producer
6.
7.
How are all animals alike? Which is the most complex? Simplest?
All animals are multicelled. Humans are most complex and sponges are the least
complex
How are cells, tissues, organs and systems related? Cells are the basic
structure of all living things (organisms). Many cells working together for a single function
is a tissue. Many different tissues working together for a single function is an organ and
many organs working together is called a system
8. How many kingdoms are there? Which one is the most dangerous to
humans? Define sterilized There are 5 kingdoms Plant Animal Protist Bacteria and
Fungi. Bacteria pose the greatest threat to us. Sterilized means 100% free of all bacteria
9. Why are viruses not considered living? In what type of cell do
scientists grow viruses Viruses can not reproduce on their own and need a living cell
for replication. Chicken eggs are currently used for this purpose. The h1n1 virus grows 5
times slower than other viruses and is the reason there is a shortage of vaccines
10. Why is it incorrect to say that the nucleus is the brain of the cell?
A brain is an organ made of several billion cells
11.
How would a human cell and a whale cell be similar? Different?
They both have a nucleus and a semi permeable membrane and are the same size. The
reason a whale is larger is because there are many more cells. Their DNA is different
12. Compare asexual and sexual reproduction and discuss advantages
and disadvantages for each. How do plants, animals, bacteria and
fungi reproduce? Asexual reproducing organisms do not have to find mates and it is
much faster (simple cell division). The disadvantage is that with asexual reproduction the
offspring are identical copies of the original parent cell. Plants reproduce sexually (pollen
and egg) Animals reproduce sexually(sperm and egg Bacteria reproduce asexually by fission
and certain members of fungi can reproduce asexually (yeast fission or budding) or sexually
by combination of hyphae
13. How does fungus appear different than a colony of bacteria
growing on a culture plates. Why are fungi important to us? Fungus
will appear fuzzy on the agar. They are important as environmental recyclers,
production of food and help fight diseases
14. Discuss the role of yeast in bread baking.
As yeast multiply using the
sugar and water they release CO2 which causes the bread to rise. After baking the high
temperatures kill the yeast
15. Why do we use dehumidifiers in our basements? Dehumidifiers remove
humidity (water from the air and does not allow the mold or mildews enough water to grow
16. Discuss the main differences between a spore and a seed Spores are
single celled with no stored food. Spores must land on organic material for them to begin
growing. Survival rates of spores is very low. Seeds have an developing embryo with stored
food. They are also multi cellular
17. Why does athlete’s foot cause our skin to become red and flakey?
The developing hyphae grow through the layers of skin. As the layers of skin are digested
the top layer of skin falls off with the red cracked layers below
18. Why is it critical to finish taking all your antibiotics? What would
be the potential danger of not finishing the dosage (think about
MERSA) You should take all medications to insure you kill all the existing bacteria. If
the resistant strains (most difficult to kill) are not killed they will be allow to reproduce
which can lead to drug resistant strains of bacteria like the staph called mersa
19. Multicelled organisms are larger than single celled. What happens
during cell division? (number of cells, size of cells and growth of cells)
What are stem cells and why do some scientists believe they are so
important? During cell division the cell is smaller at first division but will grow back to
normal size before dividing again. During development of organismsspecialized cells called
stem cells develop. These cells are unique because they have not differentiated into a specific
cell type. Some scientists believe that these cell migh cure some diseases